question

By the time that a child reaches toddlerhood they need less _____ maintain a constant body temperature. a. warm clothing b. body fat c. body hair d. the mother's body

answer

b. body fat

question

When children in developing countries experience protein deficiency it no only limits their growth, but makes them vulnerable to ______. a. anorexia and food addictions b. low intelligence and behavior disorders c. disease and early death d. autism spectrum disorder and Asperger's disorder

answer

c. disease and early death

question

What is potentially the most critical micronutrient deficiency worldwide? a. Vitamin C b. Iodine c. Fluoride d. Folic acid

answer

b. Iodine

question

How many neurons does a two-year-old toddler have compared to birth? a. Half as many b. Twice as many c. Four times as many d. The same number

answer

d. The same number

question

During toddlerhood what is the rate of new synapses that are formed in the frontal cortex? a. 200 per day b. 200 per hour c. 200,000 per minute d. 2 million per second

answer

d. 2 million per second

question

How many hours does the average toddler sleep a day? a. 13 to 14 b. 12 to 13 c. 10 to 11 d. 8 to 9

answer

b. 12 to 13

question

Infants who have been sleeping through the night start waking up again between when they are 18 and 24 months old. Why? a. They become more aware that they are sleeping by themselves. b. They have more nightmares. c. They watch too much television. d. They drink too many liquids before bedtime.

answer

a. They become more aware that they are sleeping by themselves.

question

At what age do children begin to walk without the support of others around them? a. 9 months b. 11 months c. 13 months d. 15 months

answer

b. 11 months

question

What is the sequence of gross motor development during toddlerhood? a. Toddling, walking without support, standing on one leg, running with stiff legs, kicking a ball b. Running with stiff legs, standing on one leg, kicking a ball, walking without support, toddling c. Standing on one leg, walking without support, kicking a ball, running with stiff legs d. Toddling, kicking a ball, standing on one leg, walking without support, running with stiff legs

answer

a. Toddling, walking without support, standing on one leg, running with stiff legs, kicking a ball

question

During self-feeding children show a definite handedness preference. At what age does this occur? a. 24 months b. 18 months c. 12 months d. 6 months

answer

c. 12 months

question

By their third birthday, what percent of toddlers in the United States is toilet trained? a. 20% b. 40% c. 60% d. 80%

answer

c. 60%

question

Between what ages do toddlers show signs of readiness for toilet training? a. 6 to 18 months b. 12 to 24 months c. 18 to 30 months d. 24 to 36 months

answer

c. 18 to 30 months

question

What garment are children likely to wear at night for a period after learning to be toilet trained? a. Regular underwear and pajamas b. Diapers c. Training pants d. Plastic underwear

answer

c. Training pants

question

In traditional cultures, who is likely to provide toilet training to toddlers? a. Parents b. Grandparents c. Older siblings d. No one

answer

a. Parents

question

What is the term used to describe when a mother has decided that the child should stop breast feeding? a. Weaning b. Colick c. Lactating d. Latching

answer

a. Weaning

question

How many sensorimotor stages are there in Piaget's theory of cognitive development? a. 4 b. 5 c. 6 d. 7

answer

c. 6

question

What is the basis for human language? a. Deferred imitation b. Unconscious symbolism c. Mental representation d. Object permanence

answer

a. Deferred imitation

question

What is deferred imitation? a. Sorting objects into categories b. Repeating actions observed at an earlier time c. Accomplishing a task with little assistance d. Encoding and decoding social situations

answer

b. Repeating actions observed at an earlier time

question

How well did Piaget understand children's early abilities? a. He underestimated their abilities. b. He overestimated their abilities. c. He was completely wrong about their abilities. d. He was exactly accurate about their abilities.

answer

a. He underestimated their abilities.

question

Vygotsky claimed that children learn best if the instruction they are provided is ______. a. developed by an educational specialist b. just beyond their ability to immediately grasp it c. concrete in nature d. within the zone of proximal development

answer

d. within the zone of proximal development

question

Humans can communicate about not just what is observable in the present, but about an infinite range of things beyond the present moment. How? a. With thinking b. With language c. With cognition d. With gestures

answer

b. With language

question

What brain area located in the left temporal lobe is specialized for language comprehension? a. Wernicke's Area b. Broca's Area c. Lashley's Area d. Gazzainiga's Area

answer

a. Wernicke's Area

question

Approximately 300,000 years ago Homo sapiens had a vocal apparatus not significantly different from _____. a. modern humans b. chimpanzees c. baboons d. gorillas

answer

a. modern humans

question

How large is the vocabulary of an average 18-month-old? a. 50 words b. 100 words c. 150 words d. 200 words

answer

a. 50 words

question

What are single words that a toddler uses to express an entire sentence? a. Overextensions b. Underextensions c. Holophrases d. Fast mapping

answer

c. Holophrases

question

What is underextension? a. Learning language at a slower-than-normal pace b. Having a single word represent a variety of objects c. Applying a general word to a specific object d. Using a single word to represent different forms of whole sentences

answer

c. Applying a general word to a specific object

question

Toddlers have a vocabulary of about 200 words at about what age? a. 12 months b. 18 months c. 24 months d. 30 months

answer

c. 24 months

question

Toddlers begin to combine spoken words into two word phrases for the first time around 24 months. This type of speech is referred to as ______. a. Instrumental speech b. Holophrases c. Telegraphic speech d. Short sentences

answer

c. Telegraphic speech

question

Approximately how many different languages are currently used in the world? a. 20,000 b. 40,000 c. 60,000 d. 80,000

answer

c. 60,000

question

Frederick II wanted to know what language babies would spontaneously speak. Therefore, he instructed caregivers not to speak to neonates in orphanages. What did he find? a. All of the infants died, the infants needed language for social development. b. German was spontaneously spoken. c. A combination of all languages was spoken, which was reported to be gibberish. d. No language emerged, just hand gestures.

answer

a. All of the infants died, the infants needed language for social development.

question

Many toddlers are comforted by a blanket or a stuffed animal. Which of the following emotional regulation techniques explains this? a. Internal stimuli to regulate emotions b. Language to regulate emotions c. Behaviors to regulate emotions d. Sociomoral regulation of emotions

answer

c. Behaviors to regulate emotions

question

New emotions that toddlers show-such as guilt, shame, embarrassment, envy, and pride-are examples of ______. a. animal emotions b. primary emotions c. secondary emotions d. tertiary emotions

answer

c. secondary emotions

question

What is the ability to understand and respond helpfully to another person's distress? a. Sadness b. Empathy c. Thoughtfulness d. Apathy

answer

b. Empathy

question

When a person thinks about him or herself as he or she would think of another person or object, he or she is displaying? a. Self-reflection b. Self-awareness c. Self-esteem d. Self-report

answer

a. Self-reflection

question

The biological status of being male or female refers to _____. a. femininity b. masculinity c. gender d. sex

answer

d. sex

question

Who are the individuals most likely to deliver the cultural messages regarding gender to infants? a. The media b. Parents c. Preschool teachers d. The infant's siblings

answer

b. Parents

question

A duckling that bonds to the first moving object it sees is an example of _____. a. Imprinting b. Engraining c. Attaching d. Locking

answer

a. Imprinting

question

At what age does stranger anxiety first appear? a. 3 months b. 6 months c. 12 months d. 24 months

answer

b. 6 months

question

A toddler who is securely attached will behave in what ways during the Strange Situation procedure? a. The toddler usually cries upon separation but when the mother returns they greet her happily and begin to smile. b. The toddler shows little or no interaction when she is present and no response when she departs. c. The toddler is less likely than others to explore the room and shows greater than normal distress when she leaves. d. The toddler seems dazed and detached when the mother leaves the room and remains fearful upon her return.

answer

a. The toddler usually cries upon separation but when the mother returns they greet her happily and begin to smile.

question

According to Ainsworth's early research, what percent of toddlers were securely attached? a. 22% b. 44% c. 66% d. 88%

answer

c. 66%

question

Which of the following types of attachment was believed to be due to underlying problems in neurological development, not to the behavior of the primary caregiver? a. Insecurely-resistant attachment b. Insecurely-avoidant attachment c. Disorganized-disoriented attachment d. Securely attachment

answer

c. Disorganized-disoriented attachment

question

In the final analysis, attachment theory has ______. a. proved valid only in laboratory settings b. only been useful in describing developing nations c. held up well d. had major flaws and has been discarded

answer

c. held up well

question

What roles do fathers in China play in raising their children? a. They are the primary attachment figures. b. They do not interfere with the mother's authority. c. They are the providers and disciplinarians. d. They are the main teachers and educators.

answer

c. They are the providers and disciplinarians.

question

Generally, how do toddlers react to the birth of a younger sibling? a. Negatively b. Excitedly c. Equivocally d. With great anticipation

answer

a. Negatively

question

What percentage of adults who have autism lives with their parents? a. 85% b. 60% c. 45% d. 30%

answer

a. 85%

question

One can expect the average 3 year-old to weigh: a. 30 pounds. b. 20 pounds. c. 40 pounds. d. 50 pounds.

answer

a. 30 pounds.

question

Savannah lives in America and is 45 inches tall and weighs 45 pounds. Knowing her height and weight, it is safe to say that Savannah is around: a. 6 years old. b. 2 years old. c. 4 years old. d. 8 years old.

answer

a. 6 years old.

question

Shameeka is 3 years old. How many teeth would you expect her to have? a. 20 b. 10 c. 16 d. 26

answer

a. 20

question

According to the text, what percent of North American children have at least one dental cavity by their fifth birthday? a. 40% b. 20% c. 60% d. 80%

answer

a. 40%

question

Your brother is very impressed with his daughter's development, particularly in emotional regulation. He asks your opinion about his observations. Having just completed your reading on brain development, you tell him that her advances in development are likely due to her ______. a. growth in the frontal lobe b. superior genetics c. advanced temporal lobe d. rapidly developing occipital lobe

answer

a. growth in the frontal lobe

question

_____ are primarily responsible for the increase in brain size and weight during early childhood. a. Dendritic connections and myelination b. The number of neurons c. The increase in blood volume d. Cerebral spinal fluid

answer

a. Dendritic connections and myelination

question

In regards to handedness, adopted children show a greater resemblance to their ______. a. biological parents b. adoptive parents c. biological siblings d. adoptive siblings

answer

a. biological parents

question

One can see a preference for the use of a particular hand, handedness, over another as early as ______ a. the prenatal period b. in infancy c. during early childhood d. during middle childhood

answer

c. during early childhood

question

A child using a pencil to draw a picture of his or her family on a sheet of paper is an example of ______. a. fine motor skills b. gross motor skills c. conditioned motor skills d. superficial motor skills

answer

a. fine motor skills

question

In developing countries, _____ is/are the most common cause of death in early childhood. a. illness and disease b. parental abuse c. motor vehicle accidents d. accidental burning

answer

a. illness and disease

question

Gunther is 5 years old, lives in a developed nation, and is in a hospital emergency room. Statistically speaking, which of the following is the most likely cause? a. a motor vehicle accident b. a fall c. a bicycle d. a playground

answer

a. a motor vehicle accident

question

Your friend is worried about his son who is very active and is constantly injuring himself. What would you tell him to help him worry less? This behavior is very typical because his son's ______. a. motor development is advanced enough to do quite a bit, but his cognitive development is not able to anticipate situations that might be dangerous b. motor development is not very advanced and he is going to be involved in many accidents c. visual processing is lagging behind his motor development and he simply cannot see very well d. attention skills are not yet fully developed and his son is likely to not pay attention to his father's warnings to be careful

answer

a. motor development is advanced enough to do quite a bit, but his cognitive development is not able to anticipate situations that might be dangerous

question

In developing nations the mortality rate for children under age 5 has been greatly reduced due to ______. a. increased food production and increased childhood vaccinations b. increased parental income and increased level of education c. increased iron consumption and decreased childhood vaccinations d. increased parental education and increased level of income

answer

a. increased food production and increased childhood vaccinations

question

According to the text, symptoms of _____ include fatigue, irritability, and difficulty sustaining attention. a. anemia b. osteoporosis c. marasmus d. lime-tic disease

answer

a. anemia

question

What is the percent of children in developing countries that are malnourished? a. 80% b. 60% c. 40% d. 20%

answer

a. 80%

question

According to Piaget, children from the ages of 2-7 are in ____ stage of cognitive development. a. the preoperational b. the sensorimotor c. the concrete operations d. the formal operations

answer

a. the preoperational

question

In Piagetian terms, which of the following is the principle that the amount of a physical substance remains the same even if its physical appearance changes? a. Conservation b. Animism c. Egocentrism d. Reversibility

answer

a. Conservation

question

Which of the following is the term used to describe young children's thinking in which they often focus on one noticeable aspect of a cognitive problem to the exclusion of other important aspects? a. Cent ration b. Egocentrism c. Assimilation d. Accommodation

answer

a. Cent ration

question

In the "three mountains task," the child who is experiencing egocentrism will describe ______. a. their own perspective b. the perspective of the doll c. the perspective of the researcher d. their mother's perspective

answer

a. their own perspective

question

Having received a new bike for his birthday, Grant tells his mother that the bike needs to come inside the house at night because it might get lonely in the garage by itself. By placing human thoughts and feelings to his bike, Grant is exhibiting Piaget's concept of ______. a. animism b. assimilation c. reversibility d. egocentrism

answer

a. animism

question

Piaget referred to children's lack of ability to comprehend that objects can be simultaneously part of more than one group as ______. a. classification b. configuring c. sorting d. transference

answer

a. classification

question

____ is an educational approach that most early childhood scholars see as an appropriate means to educate preschool children. a. Developing appropriate educational practice b. Montessori approach c. The Piagetian approach to learning d. Whole language learning

answer

a. Developing appropriate educational practice

question

Assume you just accepted a job as a preschool teacher in Japan. Based upon what is described in the text, which of the following statements is the closest representation to the type of preschool environment that you will experience? a. The physical building looks to be very new and in good shape, there's a high emphasis on social skills training, and the students of the class are very competitive academically. b. There is a lot of group play, the children wear the same uniforms, and they each have the same equipment. c. There is a high emphasis on academic success, parents encourage their children to learn letters and numbers quickly, and many teachers work long hours. d. The physical building looks run down, teachers appear tired and frustrated, and it is clear that the students do not learn much.

answer

b. There is a lot of group play, the children wear the same uniforms, and they each have the same equipment.

question

____ is an example of an early intervention program in the United States. a. Project Head Start b. First Nation Project c. McGill's Intervention for Children d. School Immunization Project

answer

a. Project Head Start

question

In addition to one or two years of preschool the largest early intervention program in the United States also provides ______. a. free food and health care b. guaranteed admission to a public college or university c. free room and board d. free education for all adult family members

answer

a. free food and health care

question

Follow up studies of subjects who participated in High Scope Preschool Projects revealed that by age 27, ____ as compared to other low-income individuals who did not participate. a. they were more likely to be married and to own their own homes b. there was no significant difference c. they were just as likely to have dropped out of high school d. they were more likely to have been married and divorced at least twice

answer

a. they were more likely to be married and to own their own homes

question

Between the ages of 3 and 6 the vocabulary of the average child ______. a. more than doubles b. grows by one-half c. grows by fifty percent d. more than triples

answer

a. more than doubles

question

While learning language, children who learn "English and other Western" languages have been shown to fast-map ____ first. a. nouns b. verbs c. conjunctions d. prefixes

answer

a. nouns

question

From the "three mountains task", the child who lacks egocentrism (is not egocentric) will describe ______ a. the doll's perspective b. their own perspective c. the researcher's perspective d. their mother's perspective

answer

a. the doll's perspective

question

Which of the following best describes the Piagetian term of animism? a. Attributing human thoughts and feelings to inanimate objects and forces b. Focusing on one noticeable aspect of a cognitive problem to the exclusion of other important aspects. c. Difficulty understanding that objects can be simultaneously part of more than one "class" or group. d. The ability to distinguish between your own perspective and another person's perspective

answer

a. Attributing human thoughts and feelings to inanimate objects and forces

question

____ are examples of "internalizing problems" that result from children overcontrolling their emotions. a. Anxiety and depression b. Ulcers and other physical problems c. Hostile and verbal aggression d. Bipolar disorder and schizophrenia

answer

a. Anxiety and depression

question

Which of the following terms refers to an individual's understanding of him or herself as being either male or female? a. Gender identity b. Gender role c. Gender constancy d. Gender development

answer

a. Gender identity

question

As soon as Spencer started to play patty cake with his classmate Sara, he was teased and ridiculed by the boys in the class. Spencer quickly learned that patty cake is a form of play that is reserved for girls and not boys. Spencer's process of learning the expectations of males and females is ______. a. gender socialization b. biological construct c. sex schemas d. sexual-social identity

answer

a. gender socialization

question

____ is defined as the practices that parents exhibit in relation to their children and their beliefs about these practices. a. Parenting styles b. Discipline strategies c. Parenting learning strategies d. Dr. Spock's parenting theory

answer

a. Parenting styles

question

In regards to a parental approach, responsiveness is also known as ____; whereas, demandingness is also known as ____. a. warmth, control b. control, warmth c. limitations, empathy d. empathy, limitations

answer

a. warmth, control

question

Which of the following is a distinct characteristic of parents who hold an authoritative approach? a. They explain the reasons for their rules and expectations to their children. b. They are quite passive in their responding. c. They do not care whatsoever what their children do. d. They respond with anger to questions from their children.

answer

a. They explain the reasons for their rules and expectations to their children.

question

It is known that parents have a significant effect on their children, but children also have an effect on their parents; this dynamic between parent and child is known as _____. a. reciprocal or bidirectional effects b. one-way or unilateral relationship effects c. hypothetical or theoretical relationship d. exponential or quadrupling relationship

answer

a. reciprocal or bidirectional effects

question

According to the text, which of the following is a common characteristic for both traditional Latin American and Asian families? a. Both groups hold respect and obedience for parents in high regard b. In both groups, the female is the head of the household c. Both groups have an overwhelmingly large number of parents who hold an indulgent parental approach d. Within both groups, children are taught to be autonomous, to stand on their own two feet, and put their own best interests before the needs of the family

answer

a. Both groups hold respect and obedience for parents in high regard

question

According to the text it is inaccurate to describe parents from non-Western cultures as "authoritarian" because ______. a. each of these subcultural groups has its own distinctive form of warmth for their children b. parenting style has no cultural boundaries so an accurate picture cannot be taken c. the parents of these subcultural groups are more likely to be indulgent, having both low responsiveness and low demandingness d. there are too few of these subcultural groups to develop an accurate picture of the parenting styles that these parents possess

answer

a. each of these subcultural groups has its own distinctive form of warmth for their children

question

You have a young child in your classroom who has behavioral problems. You have tried many different strategies, unsuccessfully, to reduce his number of inappropriate behaviors. Only one of those strategies seems to work; the strategy that requires him to sit still in a designated place for a brief period. What strategy is it? a. Time out b. Token economy c. Shaping d. Corporal punishment

answer

a. Time out

question

Your coworker has a son who just turned five whom she disciplines with physical punishment frequently and as a first resort. It appears to her that she is not being very effective in her discipline style and asks you your opinion regarding physical punishment. Citing the text, you tell her that longitudinal research has discovered that physical punishment is frequently associated with ______. a. spousal abuse in adulthood b. strong will and character in adulthood c. development of self-control and educational attainment in adulthood d. severe psychological problems, including psychosis

answer

a. spousal abuse in adulthood

question

More common among girls, this type of aggression involves damaging another person's reputation among peers through exclusion or malicious gossip. a. Verbal or relational aggression b. Hostile or physical aggression c. Verbal aggression d. Instrumental aggression

answer

a. Verbal or relational aggression

question

Your nephew has always been "strong willed" and has closer to a difficult personality. He is now in early childhood and is very aggressive in most things that he does. Your brother is concerned and asks you what your thoughts are. You tell him that _____. a. he should be concerned, aggressive behavior in early childhood is a predictor of aggression in adolescence and adulthood b. he should not be concerned, most children in early childhood go through this phase and will eventually stop being aggressive c. he should be concerned, but there is nothing that he can do d. as it turns out, very aggressive children during early childhood perform at superior levels in school

answer

a. he should be concerned, aggressive behavior in early childhood is a predictor of aggression in adolescence and adulthood

question

According to the text, the average American child watches ____ hours of television per day. a. 3 b. 2 c. 4 d. 5

answer

a. 3

question

How many inches per year does the average child gain in height during middle childhood? a. 2 to 3" b. 5 to 6" c. 8 to 9" d. 11 to 12"

answer

a. 2 to 3"

question

Because of an increase in ____, middle childhood children can run faster than they could in early childhood. a. fine motor movement b. flexibility c. lung capacity d. visual acuity

answer

a. fine motor movement

question

What is the technical term for nearsightedness? a. presbyscusis b. myopia c. hyperopia d. pretanopia

answer

b. myopia

question

What type of twins have the highest concordance rate for myopia? a. monozygotic twins in a developed country b. monozygotic twins in a developing country c. dizygotic twins in a developed country d. dizygotic twins in a developing country

answer

a. monozygotic twins in a developed country

question

Children aged 6 to 10 years of age are considered to be overweight if they ____. a. eat more than 2,000 calories a day b. fail to exercise for more than 30 minutes per day c. have 20% or more body fat d. have a BMI that exceeds 18

answer

d. have a BMI that exceeds 18

question

What is the major contributor to the increase of overweight and obese individuals? a. genetic changes b. dietary changes c. chromosomal changes d. biological changes

answer

b. dietary changes

question

In a study that assessed American children aged 4 to 11 years of age, watching television predicted gains in ____. a. body fat b. academic scores c. cognitive ability d. socio-emotional maturity

answer

a. body fat

question

In terms of childhood obesity, adopted children ____. a. crave sweets and fats like their biological parents b. have BMIs that are closer to their biological parents than to the adoptive parents c. have BMIs that are more similar to their adoptive parents d. are likely to have the same interest in sedentary games as their biological parents

answer

b. have BMIs that are closer to their biological parents than to the adoptive parents

question

Beginning in middle childhood, obesity is a risk factor for ____. a. a variety of emotional and behavioral problems b. not being popular in school c. ADHD, primarily hyperactivity-impulsivity type d. schizophrenia

answer

a. a variety of emotional and behavioral problems

question

Obese adults are more likely to have what health problems? a. insomnia, incontinence, and bowel obstruction b. halitosis, male pattern baldness, and trichophyton c. high blood pressure, heart attack, and cancer d. chronic fever, hunger, and flatulence

answer

c. high blood pressure, heart attack, and cancer

question

What is a chronic illness of the lungs characterized by wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath? a. eczema b. allergies c. asthma d. psoriasis

answer

c. asthma

question

How does the text define agility? a. synchronization of different body parts b. response to changing information c. moving quickly and precisely d. ability to manage equilibrium

answer

c. moving quickly and precisely

question

In the United States and Canada, what percentage of children between the ages of 5 and 14 years are involved in organized sports? a. 10% b. 30% c. 50% d. 70%

answer

c. 50%

question

For a 6-year-old, which of the following fine motor tasks is developmentally appropriate? a. writing complete sentences, reading a 2nd-grade level book, and spelling words such as "hippopotamus" b. running a 4-minute mile, jumping over hurdles, and dribbling a soccer ball c. writing the letters of the alphabet, their name, and numbers from 1 to 10 d. writing in cursive, drawing in three-dimensional shapes, and using symbolism in storytelling

answer

c. writing the letters of the alphabet, their name, and numbers from 1 to 10

question

By the time that a child has reached the end of middle childhood, what abilities are close to adult mastery? a. fine motor skills b. gross motor skills c. psycho-motor skills d. vestibular-motor skills

answer

a. fine motor skills

question

According to Piaget, children aged 2 to 6 year of age are most notable cognitively for what they cannot do, such as ____. a. perform mental operations b. coordinate senses with motor activities c. use language to assist with thoughts d. use images to create mental representations

answer

a. perform mental operations

question

A child in Piaget's concrete operational stage is shown two round balls of clay that are equal in size. He watches as the experimenter rolls one ball into a long sausage shape and then asks which has more clay. The child will likely reply ____. a. the long one b. the ball c. They are both the same. d. I do not know.

answer

c. They are both the same.

question

Theories of Cognitive Development The ability to arrange things into a logical order is called ____. a. parallelism b. seriation c. conservation d. decentering

answer

b. seriation

question

Theories of Cognitive Development During middle childhood it is very important that children be able to maintain attention. Why? a. That is when children enter school. b. The environment becomes more dangerous. c. Parents expect their children to be able to understand and accomplish simple directions and tasks. d. They are able to leave their yards and must remember how to return back home.

answer

a. That is when children enter school.

question

ADHD appears to be at least partly due to ____. a. childhood illnesses b. poor instruction c. poor parenting d. genetics

answer

d. genetics

question

Theories of Cognitive Development prescription listed below is likely to be used to treat ADHD? a. Accutane b. Ritalin c. acetaminophen d. ibuprofen

answer

b. Ritalin

question

Theories of Cognitive Development In terms of memory, what is "rehearsal"? a. repeating information over and over b. placing things into meaningful categories c. an understanding of how memory works d. a measurement of intelligence

answer

a. repeating information over and over

question

What is a reason that memory improves from early childhood to middle childhood? a. Children's brains get bigger. b. Children's knowledge base gets larger. c. Children's strategies become more elaborate and purposeful d. Children's families help them remember.

answer

a. Children's brains get bigger.

question

Your neighbor's son is very intelligent. His teacher has suggested that he be tested to determine if he will qualify for the gifted program. With what intelligence test is he likely to be assessed? a. the Wechsler scales b. the Stanford-Binet test c. the Kaufman scales d. the Wide Range Achievement Test

answer

a. the Wechsler scales

question

For monozygotic (MZ) twins, what is the correlation between their IQ scores? a. .64 b. .45 c. .75 d. .95

answer

c. .75

question

What is the name of the psychologist who developed the concept of multiple intelligences? a. Robert Sternberg b. David Wechsler c. Howard Gardner d. Alfred Binet

answer

c. Howard Gardner

question

In terms of Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, great inventors such as Leonardo da Vinci, Benjamin Franklin, and Alexander Graham Bell all possess ____. a. analytical intelligence b. practical intelligence c. creative intelligence d. logical-mathematical intelligence

answer

c. creative intelligence

question

When individuals have difficulty learning to read because of difficulties in sounding out letters, and learning to spell words, and a tendency to misperceive the order of letters in words, they have ____. a. dyscalclia b. dysgraphia c. dyslexia d. dysfunctional

answer

c. dyslexia

question

What is the most common second language for children around the world? a. Spanish b. Chinese c. English d. Russian

answer

c. English

question

Children from India are often fluent in which of the following languages? a. the local language, Hindi, and English b. Hindi, Pakistani, and French c. Pakistani, Portuguese, and Spanish d. the local language, Hindi, and Chinese

answer

a. the local language, Hindi, and English

question

What statement describes the overall emotional state for individuals in middle childhood? a. high well-being and low volatility b. storm and stress c. emotionally absent d. explosive, shock and awe

answer

a. high well-being and low volatility

question

Your son is in middle childhood. You can see that he is very unhappy at the moment. Why are children this age generally unhappy? a. an unresolved conflict with a sibling b. considerable variability in hormonal stages c. something concrete and immediate like getting disciplined at school d. serious difficulties with depression

answer

c. something concrete and immediate like getting disciplined at school

question

Your daughter is on a soccer team that was playing to get into the championship round. Her team lost and they did not make it in. Since she is in middle childhood, what is her likely reaction? a. She begins to cry in disappointment. b. She conceals her true feelings of disappointment because she does not want to upset her teammates. c. She reacts angrily and has a melt down in the drive home. d. She taunts her teammates for not playing better.

answer

b. She conceals her true feelings of disappointment because she does not want to upset her teammates.

question

Children in middle childhood make social comparisons. Which of the following statements best reflects a 10-year-old's social comparisons? a. "I'm good at spelling but there are three kids in my class who are better than me." b. "I'm a fast runner and I like soccer." c. "I'm really good at math." d. "Johnny pushed me and then took my toy truck!"

answer

a. "I'm good at spelling but there are three kids in my class who are better than me."

question

Your 10-year-old son loves to watch basketball. It does not matter if it is professional, amateur, college, or high school-he loves to watch it all. However, he is really horrible when playing it himself. You are worried that his lack of athletic skill will be depressing for him. What is the most accurate statement as far as the relationship between his self-concept and self-esteem? a. His self-esteem will probably suffer. b. He is probably severely depressed and in need of professional help. c. His self-esteem might be affected, but he is also interested in other things too. d. There is not necessarily any relationship between his interests in sports, his lack of athletic abilities, and his self-esteem.

answer

a. His self-esteem will probably suffer.

question

American children who are exposed to parenting that is critical and negative show what types of effects? a. good self-esteem and high performance academically b. depression and poor academic performance c. euphoria and moderately good academic performance d. a great work ethic and tremendous success

answer

b. depression and poor academic performance

question

Same-gender play groups occur in about 30 to 40% of 2- to 3-year-olds. What percentage of same-gender play groups are present during middle childhood? a. 94% b. 72% c. 30 to 40% d. 12%

answer

a. 94%

question

When sibling conflict has been studied (e.g., Kramer et al., 1999), what was found? Sibling conflict occurred once every ____. a. 10 minutes they were together b. 20 minutes they were together c. 45 minutes they were together d. 60 minutes they were together

answer

b. 20 minutes they were together

question

After a divorce, what percentage of mothers retain custody? a. 90% b. 70% c. 50% d. 30%

answer

a. 90%

question

What percentage of children in stepfamilies have serious problems in at least one aspect of functioning in middle childhood compared to non-divorced families? a. 45%; 30% b. 30%; 20% c. 25%; 10% d. 10%; 5%

answer

c. 25%; 10%

question

For children in middle childhood, what becomes very important in friendships? a. shared activities b. shared interests c. trust d. a sense of belonging

answer

c. trust

question

There appears to be four categories of social status. Which category of children were the ones who were the most often "disliked" and rarely "liked?" a. popular b. rejected c. rejected d. controversial

answer

b. rejected

question

What are the three components of bullying that researchers have identified: aggression, repetition and ____? a. anger and hostility toward others b. larger physical size c. power imbalance d. low self-esteem

answer

c. power imbalance

question

What percentage of children do not attend primary school in developing countries? a. 55% b. 40% c. 25% d. 10%

answer

c. 25%

question

In developing nations, what is the most common form of childhood employment? a. agriculture b. making clothes c. factory work d. begging in the streets

answer

c. factory work

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