Psychology 101 Launchpad – Psychological Disorders – Flashcards
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Generalized anxiety disorder is a collection of distressing and disabling cognitive, emotional, and behavioral symptoms. It causes significant distress to its sufferers, and tends to impair functioning in various areas of their lives. Therefore, it is a _____ disorder.
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Psychological
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Susto is a disorder seen in:
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Latino Populations
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A cultural disorder that is marked by a man fearing that his genitals are disappearing into his abdomen is known as:
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Koro
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Russell has been diagnosed with both bipolar disorder and a substance use disorder. Russell's case illustrates
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Comorbidity
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The causes of psychological abnormality are complex. The view that MOST explicitly recognizes this fact is the _____ perspective.
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Biopsychological
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The diathesis-stress model adopts a _____ view of the etiology of schizophrenia
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Biopsychological
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Agoraphobia is an example of a(n) _____ disorder.
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Anxiety
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The symptoms of _____ resemble those of a heart attack
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Panic Disorder
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Aidan is sweating and nauseous. His heart is racing, and he feels as if he might die. Aidan is suffering from
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Panic Disorder
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Stan is focused on cleaning his home, which he does for several hours each day. In particular, the fringe on his rugs must be straight on both sides in all five rooms. This takes considerable time, and Stan often repeats his rug-straightening behavior 10 to 12 times each day. This behavior is an example of a(n)
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Compulsion
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When he leaves the house, Josh locks, unlocks, and relocks each window and each door exactly three times. Josh's behavior exemplifies a(n)
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Compulsion
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To qualify as disordered, obsessions or compulsions must be disabling and consume at least _____ hour(s) each day
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1
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Which choice BEST expresses the proportion of women who experience depression surrounding the birth of a child?
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A small minority
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About _____% of adults have thought seriously about suicide
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9
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Irregular processing in the brain's _____ appears associated with major depressive disorder
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Amygdala
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Hypomania is symptomatic of _____ disorder
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Bipolar II
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Approximately _____% of the population will be diagnosed with bipolar disorder at some point
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1
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The prevalence of bipolar disorder in high-income nations is _____ that of its prevalence in low-income countries
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Twice
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A delusion is a
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False belief maintained in the face contradictory evidence
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Irene hears voices inside her head. She believes they are the voices of NSA officials attempting to monitor and record her thoughts. These two sentences illustrate a _____ and a _____, respectively
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Hallucination, Delusion
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With respect to schizophrenia, a lack of motivation is to _____ symptoms as abnormal perceptions or thoughts is to _____ symptoms
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Negative, Positive
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The DSM-5 identifies _____ personality disorders
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10
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A person who regularly engages in criminal behaviors is probably MOST likely to be diagnosed with _____ personality disorder.
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Antisocial
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Maddie binge eats. However, she neither purges nor engages in excessive exercise. Maddie may have
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Binge-Eating Disorder
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The "3 Ds" of psychological abnormality do NOT include:
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Depression
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Which disorder, diagnosed in the 1800s, was believed to be caused by a woman experiencing "wandering movements of the womb"?
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Hysteria
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A cultural disorder that is marked by a man fearing that his genitals are disappearing into his abdomen is known as
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Koro
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About _____% of Americans will exhibit symptoms that meet the criteria of a psychological disorder at some point
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50
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Russell has been diagnosed with both bipolar disorder and a substance use disorder. Russell's case illustrates
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Comorbidity
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One criticism of the _____ model of psychological abnormality is that it fails to recognize how concepts of abnormality vary across history and across cultures
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Medical
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Connie is overwhelmed with fear whenever she must leave the house. She is especially afraid when she uses the subway or goes grocery shopping. She rarely goes out of her own home unless someone she trusts accompanies her. Connie's case illustrates
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Agoraphobia
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Excessive worry, muscle tension and restlessness often accompany
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder
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_____ activity of the neurotransmitter _____ seems to play a role in obsessive-compulsive disorder
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Reduced, Serotonin
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One brain area potentially involved in obsessive-compulsive disorder is the
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Basal Ganglia
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Changes in weight or appetite, feelings of guilt, and a lack of energy are symptomatic of _____ disorder
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Major Depressive
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A common psychological disorder among people who commit suicide is _____ disorder
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Major Depressive
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Which neurotransmitter is NOT closely associated with major depressive disorder?
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Glutamate
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Restless activity at school or work is one symptom of:
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Mania
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Approximately _____% of the population will be diagnosed with bipolar disorder at some point
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1
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Bipolar I disorder is to bipolar II disorder as _____ is to _____
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Mania, Hypomania
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The positive symptoms of schizophrenia do NOT include
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diminished speech or speech content
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Elise has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. She has recently demonstrated significant social withdrawal symptoms. This is a _____ symptom of schizophrenia
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Negative
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A disruption in unified psychological functions is called a
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Dissociation
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Dragana cannot remember long periods of her life as a young woman in war-torn Bosnia. Dragana's case illustrates dissociative
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Amnesia
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Anorexia nervosa is NOT associated with
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Binge Eating
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Recall the 3 Ds of psychological abnormality. Distress refers to the degree to which one's behaviors or emotions
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Make an individual uncomfortable or upset
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Max is troubled by his intrusive, obsessive thoughts and frustrated by his behavioral compulsions. Moreover, his behavioral compulsions are interfering with work. His boss has become frustrated with the frequency with which Max is late in completing projects, and Max is in danger of losing his job. Max's case illustrates the _____ associated with psychological abnormality.
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Dysfunction
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The DSM-5 lists about _____ disorders
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150
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Rosenhan's landmark study in the 1970s illustrated the
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The power of diagnostic labels
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Research indicates that people with panic disorder may have irregularities in the size and/or shape of their
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Amygdala
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The heritability of panic disorder is approximately _____%.
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40-48
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Since they provide relief from intrusive, unwanted obsessions, compulsions are maintained by
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Negative Reinforcement
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Sam has gained weight lately. He feels hopeless and takes little pleasure in the activities he once enjoyed. Sam may be suffering from
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Major Depression
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The LEAST common depressive disorder is _____ disorder.
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Persistent Depressive
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Merrill feels elated and invincible; he seems to have boundless energy. Merrill may be in a _____ state
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Manic
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The MOST common hallucinations in schizophrenia are
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Auditory
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The case of the Genain quadruplets sheds light on the etiology of
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Schizophrenia
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With respect to the neurotransmitters associated with psychological disorders, _____ is to major depressive disorder as _____ is to schizophrenia.
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Serotonin, Dopamine
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Antisocial personality disorder is:
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more common among men than among women
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Dissociative disorders entail:
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disturbances in memory, consciousness, identity, perception, or motor control.
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In the cases in which it is used, the insanity defense is _____ successful.
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Not usually
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The word "_____" is used to denote the simultaneous occurrence of two or more psychological disorders
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Comorbidity
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One criticism of the _____ model of psychological abnormality is that it fails to recognize how concepts of abnormality vary across history and across cultures.
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Medical
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Randy has an intense, irrational fear of dogs. Randy might be diagnosed with:
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Specific Phobia
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Sally dreads making presentations at work; she feels intensely afraid that her coworkers are evaluating her negatively. She is also apprehensive when she visits restaurants because she believes the other diners are scrutinizing her. Sally seems to suffer from:
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Social Anxiety Disorder
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Zane has been feeling low for the past month or so. He has little energy and difficulty concentrating. He has gained nearly 10 pounds and sleeps 10 to 11 hours each night. Zane may be diagnosed with _____ disorder.
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Major Depressive
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Aaron Beck is to _____ as _____ is to learned helplessness.
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cognitive triad; Martin Seligman
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Restless activity at school or work is one symptom of
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Mania
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Potential environmental contributors to schizophrenia do NOT include:
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Poor Parenting
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Enduring, rigid, and disabling patterns of unusual behavior are characteristic of _____ disorders.
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Personality
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Pablo is a bona fide "control freak." Everything in his life must be "just right" and "by the book." Pablo may be diagnosed with _____ personality disorder.
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Obsessive-Complusive
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Trudy has been diagnosed with histrionic personality disorder. This means that she is
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Highly emotional and wanting attention
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Abusing alcohol is against one's best interests, as it can lead to very negative consequences in a number of areas. Alcohol abuse is therefore considered
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Maladaptive
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The MOST prevalent anxiety disorder is
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Specific phobia
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Which disorder is NOT one of the anxiety disorders listed in DSM-5?
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Bipolar Disorder
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An obsession is a
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repeated, intrusive thought, urge, or image
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Chase's father has been diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Kelvin has no family members with the disorder. Chase's risk of developing obsessive-compulsive disorder is _____ times that of Kelvin's.
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2
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Noreen has been feeling depressed most of the time for the past several years. On this basis, she may be diagnosed with _____ disorder
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Persistent Depressive
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Which statement BEST describes the relationship between hypomania and mania?
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Hypomania is less severe than is mania
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Brady has schizophrenia. He seems to have no interests and lacks the desire to do anything. He takes little pleasure in any activity. Brady's absence of normal behavior exemplifies the _____ typical of schizophrenia.
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Negative Symptoms
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A researcher might hypothesize a _____ correlation between total brain volume and the severity of psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia.
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Negative
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Which personality disorder has received the MOST research attention
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Antisocial
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The hallmark of _____ personality disorder is an exaggerated sense of self-importance.
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Narcissistic
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Which environmental factor is associated with borderline personality disorder?
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Childhood Trauma
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Dr. Rourke's teaching and research interests lie in abnormal psychology. Of the various areas of specialty, Dr. Rourke was MOST likely trained in _____ psychology
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Clinical
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The overall approach of the DSM-5 is BEST described as
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Atheoretical
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Compulsion is to _____ as _____ is to thought.
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Action, Obsession
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_____ is to _____ as cognition is to perception
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Delusion/Hallucination
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An individual displays two or more distinct personalities in _____ disorder
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Dissociative identity
