Psychological Development part 1 – Flashcards
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Lifespan developmentalist whose topical focus is the body's makeup is intended in
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Physical development
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Nature refers to
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Traits inherited from parents
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Psychodynamic perspective
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Believe that behavior is motivated by inner forces, memories, and conflicts of which a person has little awareness of or control
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Freud believe under or over gratification results in
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Fixation
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Development that occurs in distinct steps or stages, with each stage bringing on a new behavior
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Discontinuous
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First and shortest stage of prenatal period
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Germinal
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Teratogen
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Environmental factor that produces a birth defect
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Second stage
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Stage of labor where head emerges
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Psychosocial theory
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Erickson theory that emphasizes that a society and cultural influence and shape us
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Id
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(Freud) pleasure principle
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Very low birth weight infant
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2.25lbs
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Honozygous gene
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Similar genes for a given trait from his parent
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Preterm
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Infants born before 38 weeks
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Longitudinal research
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How moral development changes between ages 3-15, testing them periodically until 15
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Genes
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46 chromosomes
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Skinner
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Formulated and championed operant conditioning.
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Polygenic inheritence
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Multiple genes produce a specific trait
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Erickson psychosocial theory of development proposes
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8 distinct stages
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Bandura
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Developed an approach that emphasizes learning by observing the behavior of another person
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Watson
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First American psychologist to advocate a behavioral approach
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Marasmus
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A disease in which infants stop growing
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Kwashiorkor
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Disease in children that are malnourished that cause their face to swell
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Plasticity
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The degree to which a developing structure or behavior is modifiable due to experience
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Mental representation
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Internal image of past event or object
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Accommodation
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Changes in existing ways of thinking that occur in response to encounters with new stimuli or events.
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Simple reflexes
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Paigets sensormotor period
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Beginnings of thought occurs at age
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18-24 months
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Motheres
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Outdated term for infant directed speech
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Paiget
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Thought infants learned through formula
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Chomsky
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"Nativist approach" and "universal frame"
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Schemes
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Basic building blocks of the way children understand the world are mental structures
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Harlow
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Monkey experiment
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Disorganized-disoriented
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Attachment Payden described as inconsistent and contradictory
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Paigets theory of development
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4 stages Sensorimotor Preoperational Concrete operational Formal operational
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Object permanence
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Realization things exist even when they cannot be seen
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Trust vs mistrust stage
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First18 months of life
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Sids strikes about
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2500 infants each year
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Proximodistal
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Principle that the trunk grows before the extremities
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Key aspect of the pre operational stage
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Symbolic function
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Preoperational
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Occurs between 2-7
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Zone of proximity
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Level at which a child can not fully do something on its own but can with the help of others
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Scaffolding
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Guided support which can help a child improve more so then those with our it
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Height and weight by 6
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46;46
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Most hazardous health risk under 6
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Lead poisoning
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Centration
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The process of concentrating on one limited aspect of a stimulus and ignoring other aspects
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Private speech
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When young children use speech that is spoken and directed towards themselves
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Conservation
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The knowledge that quantity is unrelated to the arrangement and physical appearance of objects.
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Corpus callum
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Gets much thicker in early preschool years
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Intuitive thought
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Children's use of offensive reasoning and curiosity about the world.
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Heteronomous morality
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Earliest, broad stage of moral thinking in which rules are seen as invariant and unchangeable
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Gender consistency
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4-5 years of age
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Self-concept
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Persons identity ie "I am a good speller"
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Psychological maltreatment
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When care givers harm children's behavioral and emotional functioning
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Instrumental aggression
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Aggression motivated to obtain a goal
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Authoritarian
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Parenting style where their word is law
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Cooperative
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Term for pay where children genuinely interact
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Race dissonance
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When minority children indicate preferences for majority values of people
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Individual orientation
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Western culture that emphasizes the uniqueness of the individual
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Cycle of violence hypothesis
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Abused and neglected children will grow up to do the same
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Androgynous characteristics
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Where boys and girls are taught to encompass both sides of the gender scale. "Though yet sensitive"
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Triarchic theory of intelligence
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Robert steinburgs idea that intelligence consist of 3 aspects
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Kids 5-9 are most likely to be killed
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In a transportation related accident
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Wechesler intelligence scale for children
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Provides desperate measures for verbal and non verbal skills as well as a total score
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Visually impaired
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Blindness or partial sightedness
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Reciprocal teaching
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Teach reading where in the strategy the student takes on the role of the teacher
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Howard Gardner
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8 different types of intelligence
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One critical limitation in preoperational thinking
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They are tired to concrete reality and cannot understand abstract questions
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First stage of building friendships
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Basing friendship on behavior
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Industry-vs-inferiority
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6-12, children focus on efforts to meet challenges presented by their parents teachers peers and the world.
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PreConventional morality
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Reflects concrete interest of the individual considered in terms of Edwards and punishments
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How many children stay home because of bullying
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160,00
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Self concept example
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Twelve year old same believes he is good at chorus but not at dancing.
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Carol Gilligan
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Developed 3 stages of moral development for women
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Role ambiguity
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When roles are unclear living in a blended family
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Downward comparisonp
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Comparing yourself to someone less than you
