Psych-Test 4 – Flashcards
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For those people in the Middle Ages who believed abnormal behavior resulted from spirit possession, the treatment of choice was ________.
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EXORCISM
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What term do psychologists use for the phenomenon that occurs when people are less likely to aid a person in trouble if there are other people around who are also potential helpers?
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BYSTANDER EFFECT
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Close, friendly groups usually work well together, but they may face a problem involving an extreme form of conformity called _______.
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GROUPTHINK
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What do social psychologists call the tendency to rely on internal characteristics for explanation of the behavior of others and to ignore the influence of the situation?
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FUNDAMENTAL ATTRIBUTION ERROR
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Which of the following was a finding in the classic study by Festinger and Carlsmith (1959)?
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THOSE WHO GOT $1 TO PERFORM BORING TASK SAID THE TASK WAS MORE INTERESTING THAN THOSE WHO GOT $20
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Which neurotransmitters are most important in the development of mood disorders?
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DOPAMINE, SEROTONIN, AND NOREPINEPHRINE
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Realistic conflict theory suggests that prejudice arises from ______.
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COMPETITION OVER SCARCE RESOURCES
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Which of the following is NOT an Axis I disorder of the DSM-IV-TR?
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PERSONALITY DISORDERS
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People with ______ disorders have an excessively rigid, maladaptive pattern of behavior and ways of relating to others.
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PERSONALITY
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During his college years, Jacob often experienced episodes of intense fear accompanied by the physical sensations of a heart attack. Jacob might have experienced a ______ disorder while in college.
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PANIC
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"I adore the girl next door." This phrase refers to what rule of attraction?
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PROXIMITY
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The ____ model of mental illness explains that disorders such as anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia are caused by chemical imbalances, genetic problems, brain damage or dysfunction, or some combination of these.
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BIOLOGICAL
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The Robber's Cave experiment showed that ______.
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INTERDEPENDENCE IN SOLVING CRISES TOGETHER REDUCES US-THEM HOSTILITY
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We tend to _____ attractive people more than we do less attractive people.
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LIKE
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Which of the following people would be most likely to receive a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder?
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JARED, WHO ENJOYS STEALING CARS AND GOING FOR JOY RIDESAROUND HIS NEIGHBORHOOD
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Ali, a war veteran, has had nightmares, flashback, and anxiety attacks for the past three years. Ali is most likely suffering from _______.
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POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER
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The police find a man who is disheveled and in a daze wandering through the downtown area. When the police ask him his name, he seems bewildered. A search of missing persons photographs reveals that this man was reported missing three months ago in a town more than 700 miles away. The man is most likely suffering from _____.
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DISSOCIATIVE FUGUE
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Vince has always believed children deserve the best prenatal care available. During a class discussion, he hears the first of several speakers express very negative attitudes toward spending tax money on prenatal care for the poor. When it is his turn to speak, he voices and opinion more in keeping with the previous speakers. Vince's behavior is an example of _______.
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CONFORMITY
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As Carol and ken are leaving for a trip, Carol repeatedly asks Ken, "Did we turn off the coffee pot?" For the entire trip, Carol worries about the coffee pot. Carol's doubt about turning off the pot is a(n) ______.
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OBSESSION
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Any behavior that does not allow a person to function within or adapt to the stresses and everyday demands of life is considered ______.
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MALADAPTIVE
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As a serious dancer, Justine watches what she eats. She knows that she is underweight, but fears that if she starts eating more that she will get fat. In addition to a preoccupation with food she has also stopped menstruating. Her behaviors suggest that she might be suffering from _______.
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ANOREXIA NERVOSA
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Prejudice is a(n) _____, whereas discrimination is a(n) ____.
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ATTITUDE; BEHAVIOR
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Fear of public speaking and stage fright are both examples of ___ phobias.
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SOCIAL
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Which communicator would most likely be the most persuasive?
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AN ATTRACTIVE PERSON WHO IS AN EXPERT
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Which of the following is NOT one of the three major components of attitudes?
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GOALS
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Leo worries all of the time. He worries about his money, his children, and his dog. His muscles are always tense and sore; he has trouble sleeping, is often irritable, and has difficulty concentrating. Leo's symptoms sound most like _____.
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GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER
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Padma is extremely confident and feels that lately she needs very little sleep. In addition, she reports that her thought seem to be going fast, similar to watching three television shows at once. Padma most likely is experiencing _____.
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A MANIC EPISODE
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Free-floating anxiety refers to anxiety that is _____.
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UNRELATED TO ANY REALISTIC, KNOWN SOURCE
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Which factor significantly decreased the likelihood of conformity in Solomon Asch's studies?
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ONE CONFEDERATE GAVE A DIFFERENT RESPONSE THAN THE MAJORITY
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A dealer persuades a customer to buy a new car by reducing the price to well below that of his competitors. Once the customer has agreed to buy the car, the terms of the sale are shifted by lowering the value of the trade-in and requiring the purchase of expensive extra equipment. Now the car costs well above the current market rate. This is an example of the ____ technique.
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LOWBALL
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Which of the following qualities would make members of a target audience easier to persuade?
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YOUNGER MEMBERS
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People who exert less effort on a task when working in a group than they do when working individually are engaging in _____.
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SOCIAL LOAFING
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Gigi, who has schizophrenia, believes that she was sent by God to one day rule the world. Her belief is an example of a(n) _____.
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DELUSION
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In what way is compliance different from conformity?
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COMPLIANCE IS A RESPONSE TO A DIRECT REQUEST; WHEREAS CONFORMITY IS A RESPONSE TO INDIRECT SOCIAL PRESSURE.
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The hormone associated with aggression seems to be ____.
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TESTOSTERONE
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Axis III of the DSM-IV-TR includes___.
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PHYSICAL DISORDERS THAT AFFECT A PERSON'S PSYCHOLOGICAL ADJUSTMENT
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All of the following are causes for groupthink EXCEPT______.
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OPENNESS TO DEFFERING OPINIONS
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What is the primacy effect as it relates to impression formation, more commonly known as?
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FIRST IMPRESSION
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Hippocrates maintained that mental illness was ____.
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CAUSED BY IMBALANCES OF VITAL BODY FLUIDS
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You get a free sample of a new cereal in the mail. The company hopes you will try the cereal and then fell obligated to buy it. What term do psychologists use to describe this phenomenon?
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NORM OF RECIPROCITY
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Dave believes all college professors are irritable, impatient, and uninterested in whether students learn. His belief is an example of ____.
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A STEREOTYPE
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When the expectations of one person bring about the expected behavior in another person, the expectation has become a(n) ____.
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SELF-FULFILLING PROPHECY
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A local car insurance company advertises their products with television commercials. During those spots, there are flashy lights, attractive dancers wearing skin-tight outfits, and local celebs talking about how they have that company's insurance. The advertisement does not, however, mention any of the features or costs associated with the product. This company is attempting to earn customers through which path of processing?
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PERIPHERAL-ROUTE
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Imagine 100 individuals are asked to take part in a replication of Milgram's famous study on obedience. How are these 100 people likely to respond?
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THE MAJORITY WOULD ADMINISTER 450 VOLTS AS INSRUCTED
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A person asks if you would volunteer to counsel delinquent youths at a detention center for two years. When you refuse, she asks you if you could supervise the youths during a trip to the zoo. She is using the ___ technique.
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DOOR-IN-THE-FACE
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The psychodynamic model holds that abnormal behavior is the result of ____.
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REPRESSED THOUGHTS, MEMORIES, AND CONCERNS
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Which type of love is defined as passion only?
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INFATUATION
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What is the term for an improvement in performance caused by the perception that others are watching?
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SOCIAL FACILITATION
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A patient in a psychiatric hospital exhibits disordered thinking, bizarre behavior, and hallucinations. This person is probably suffering from ____.
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SCHIZOPHRENIA
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What is the best way to describe the positive symptoms of schizophrenia?
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AN EXCESS OR DISTORTION OF NORMAL FUNCTIONS
