Psych of sport Chp 12 – Flashcards
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Which of the following levels of effort produced the fastest running times of 400-meter runners?
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a.110% b. 100% c. 75% d. 95% e. none of the above d
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Which of the following is NOT a coping strategy typically employed by elite athletes?
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a. social support (friends, coaches, family) b. time management c. thought control d. superstition e. rational thinking via self-talk d
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The two sensations that are emphasized in autogenic training are
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a. warmth and cold b. warmth and heaviness c. kinesthetic and heaviness d. warmth and kinesthetic e. cold and kinesthetic b
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Which of the following statements regarding hypnosis is (are) true?
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a. the more open individuals are to receiving suggestions, the more likely they will benefit from hypnosis b. negative suggestions almost always result in a decrease in performance c. the deeper the trance, the more likely the hypnosis will be effective d. all of the above e. a and c d
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The elements necessary to achieve the relaxation response include
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a. a quiet environment b. a passive attitude c. a mental device d. a comfortable position e. all of the above e
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Which of the following is (are) NOT a basic tenet of progressive relaxation?
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a. tension and relaxation can occur simultaneously b. a decrease in muscle tension will lead to a decrease in mental tension c. progressively contract and relax the major muscle groups in the body d. a and b e. b and c a
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Effective breathing occurs from the
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a. diaphragm b. central chest c. upper chest d. throat e. none of the above a
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Which of the following is NOT a phase in Smith's cognitive-affective stress management training?
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a. pretreatment assessment b. treatment rationale c. skill acquisition d. skill rehearsal e. post treatment assessment e
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Both Ron Smith's cognitive-affective stress management training and Don Meichenbaum's stress inoculation training are examples of ___________ anxiety programs.
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a. multimodal b. multidisciplinary c. multivariate d. cognitive appraisal e. somatic appraisal a
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The suggested ratio for the time of inhalation to exhalation when using breath control as a relaxation device is
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a. 1:5 b. 1:2 c. 3:1 d. 5:1 e. 1:4 b
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Autogenic training was developed by
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a. Weinberg and Gould b. Jacobson and Benson c. Schultz and Luthe d. Martens and Landers e. Schultz and Singer c
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Which of the following is (are) NOT a stage in autogenic training?
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a. regulation of breathing b. regulation of cardiac activity c. cooling of the extremities d. a and c e. b and c c
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Progressive relaxation was developed by
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a. Herbert Benson b. Ken Ravizza c. Edmund Jacobson d. Rainer Martens e. Daniel Gould c
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Cognitive restructuring attempts to
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a. identify and modify stress-inducing self-statements b. improve problem-solving ability c. improve attentional focus d. identify different strategies for mental preparation e. none of the above a
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Which of the following can increase activation?
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a. positive mood words b. slowing down the breathing rate c. listening to energizing music d. a and c e. b and c d
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Ost has developed an applied relaxation technique using progressive relaxation that can be done at competitions in
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a. 10 to 12 minutes b. 5 to 7 minutes c. 2 to 4 minutes d. 20 to 30 seconds e. 1 minute d
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Stress inoculation training focuses on which of the following mental techniques to reduce stress?
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a. attentional control and progressive relaxation b. self-talk and attentional control c. imagery and self-talk d. imagery and progressive relaxation e. imagery and attentional control c
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Excess anxiety can produce
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a. inappropriate muscle tension b. inappropriate thoughts c. somatic (physiological) reactions d. all of the above e. a and c d
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A good way to increase awareness of psychological states in sport is to
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a. monitor and record your psychological states immediately after practice and competition b. talk to teammates c. practice relaxation techniques d. practice cognitive restructuring e. all of the above a
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According to the research on biofeedback by Landers and his colleagues,
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a. biofeedback provides a mechanism for coping with precompetitive anxiety b. biofeedback can improve the performance of rifle shooters c. biofeedback provides shooters with a greater awareness of their heart and respiration rates d. all of the above e. a and c d
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The matching hypothesis refers to
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a. matching athletes with coaches to reduce anxiety levels b. matching athletes with other athletes of similar anxiety levels c. matching the type of anxiety management technique to the specific anxiety problem of each individual athlete d. matching athletes to the sport that is least anxiety provoking to them e. none of the above c
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A good starting point for increasing awareness of arousal states is to
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a. visualize your best and worst performances b. visualize only your best performance c. develop relaxation skills d. learn transcendental meditation e. learn autogenic training a
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Which of the following statements is (are) true regarding research findings on coping in sport?
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a. athletes use both adaptive and nonadaptive coping strategies b. athletes usually stick with one coping strategy c. athletes who had more adaptive coping strategies had higher performance d. a and b e. a and c e
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Before starting progressive relaxation you should
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a. dim the lights b. put on soft music c. lie down in a comfortable position d. all of the above e. a and c e
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Which of the following is NOT a phase in the hypnosis process?
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a. induction phase b. hypnotic phase c. autogenic phase d. waking phase e. posthypnotic phase c
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The state of mind produced by the relaxation response is similar to that described during
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a. imagery b. peak performance c. transcendental meditation d. deep sleep e. progressive relaxation c
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Relaxation (anxiety reduction) techniques are usually classified as
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a. cognitive and somatic b. state and trait c. sport specific and general d. cognitive and appraisal e. somatic and visceral a
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The basic premise of stress inoculation training is to
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a. expose the individual to increasing amounts of stress, thereby enhancing the person's immunity to stress b. teach both somatic and cognitive anxiety skills c. teach individuals that stress is predominantly in our minds d. teach individuals to appraise stressful situations e. none of the above a
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The two most widely accepted coping categories are known as
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a. problem-focused and cognitive-focused coping b. problem-focused and emotion-focused coping c. cognitive-focused and somatic-focused coping d. emotion-focused and somatic-focused coping e. emotion-focused and cognitive-focused coping b
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Using an electronic monitoring device that can detect and amplify internal responses not ordinarily available to us is known as
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a. systematic desensitization b. classical conditioning c. biological mapping d. biofeedback e. biological conditioning d
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Which of the following is (are) NOT among the interventions for cognitive-affective stress management training?
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a. cognitive restructuring b. relaxation skills c. self-instructional training d. systematic desensitization e. a and c d
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According to the study by Eubank and Collins, individuals perceiving their anxiety as facilitative (as opposed to debilitative) use more
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a. emotion-focused coping b. problem-focused coping c. imagery d. a and b e. a and c d
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Athletes should make sure that when they are performing a skill under pressure, they
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a. breathe out during execution of the skill b. breathe in during execution of the skill c. hold their breath during execution of the skill d. breathe shallowly during execution of the skill e. none of the above a
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The relaxation response was developed by
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a. Herbert Benson b. Edmund Jacobson c. Robert Weinberg d. Charles Hardy e. Gunther Schultz a
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According to research by Gould and colleagues with elite athletes, athletes
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a. prepared for unexpected events b. usually over trained c. placed a great deal of importance on mental training d. all of the above e. a and c e
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An athlete who is under activated commonly experiences which of the following?
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a. heavy feeling in the legs b. mind wandering c. feelings of anxiety d. a and b e. b and d
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Which of the following can be useful as an on-site strategy to help reduce tension?
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a. smile when the pressure is coming on b. slow down c. stay focused in the present d. all of the above e. a and c d
