question

Dr. Matsuko's major research interest is the long-term effects of child-rearing practices on the psychological adjustment of offspring. It is most likely that Dr. Matsuko is a(n) ________ psychologist. A. Cognitive B. Developmental C. Biological D. Psychodynamic

answer

B. Developmental

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Nutrients and oxygen are transferred from a mother to her developing fetus through the A. Embryo. B. Ovaries. C. Teratogens. D. Placenta.

answer

D. Placenta.

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Infants' tendency to gaze longer at novel stimuli than at familiar ones provides compelling evidence regarding their A. Self-concepts. B. Egocentrism. C. Stranger anxiety. D. Memory capacities.

answer

D. Memory capacities.

question

The importance of schemas was most clearly highlighted by A. Erikson's psychosocial development theory. B. Piaget's cognitive development theory. C. Harlow's attachment theory. D. Kohlberg's moral development theory.

answer

B. Piaget's cognitive development theory.

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Two closed, pyramid-shaped beakers containing clearly identical amounts of a liquid are judged by a child to hold different amounts after one of the beakers is inverted. The child apparently lacks a A. Sense of object permanence. B. Concept of conservation. C. Capacity for habituation. D. Secure attachment.

answer

B. Concept of conservation.

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A child's realization that others may have beliefs that the child knows to be false best illustrates the development of A. object permanence. B. egocentrism. C. a theory of mind. D. stranger anxiety.

answer

C. a theory of mind.

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The process of imprinting occurs during a brief developmental phase known as A. menarche. B. puberty. C. menopause. D. a critical period.

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D. a critical period.

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Although 3-year-old Adam happily explores the attractive toys located in the dentist's waiting room, he periodically returns to his mother's side for brief moments. Adam most clearly displays signs of A. secure attachment. B. object permanence. C. egocentrism. D. conservation

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A. secure attachment.

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"I don't care whether you want to wash the dishes, you will do so because I said so!" This statement is most representative of a(n) ________ parenting style. A. preconventional B. authoritative C. formal operational D. authoritarian

answer

D. authoritarian

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Mark believes that choosing to violate government laws is morally justifiable if it is done to protect the lives of innocent people. Kohlberg would suggest that this illustrates ________ morality. A. conventional B. unconventional C. preconventional D. postconventional

answer

D. postconventiona

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Jessica acts so differently with her parents than with her girlfriends that she often thinks her personality is completely phony. Erik Erikson would have suggested that Jessica is experiencing A. egocentrism. B. insecure attachment. C. role confusion. D. fluid intelligence.

answer

C. role confusion.

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A public initiation into adult responsibilities and status is called a A. social clock. B. critical period. C. rite of passage. D. formal operational stage.

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C. rite of passage.

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Compared to a century ago, menarche occurs ________ in life and adult independence begins ________ in life. A. later; later B. earlier; earlier C. later; earlier D. earlier; later

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D. earlier; later

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A researcher who administers a personality test to the same children every 3 years as they progress through school is conducting a(n) ________ study. A. longitudinal B. experimental C. cross-sectional D. chronological

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A. longitudinal

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Questions about the extent to which maladaptive habits learned in childhood can be overcome in adulthood are most directly relevant to the issue of A. continuity or stages. B. fluid or crystallized intelligence. C. stability or change. D. nature or nurture.

answer

C. stability or change.

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For the unborn children of mothers who smoke heavily, nicotine is a(n) A. agonist. B. depressant. C. teratogen. D. hallucinogen.

answer

C. teratogen.

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By a week after birth, infants are able to distinguish between their mothers' and strangers' A. faces. B. voices. C. body odors. D. tender touches.

answer

C. body odors.

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After Nadia learned that penguins can't fly, she had to modify her existing concept of birds. This best illustrates the process of A. conservation. B. assimilation. C. habituation. D. accommodation.

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D. accommodation.

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During Piaget's sensorimotor stage, children acquire a A. theory of mind. B. concept of conservation. C. sense of object permanence. D. capacity for abstract reasoning.

answer

C. sense of object permanence.

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Deficient social interaction and an impaired understanding of others' states of mind is most characteristic of A. autism. B. menarche. C. crystallized intelligence. C. object permanence.

answer

A. autism.

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Marissa resents the burden and constraints of caring for her infant daughter and frequently ignores her cries for attention. As a consequence, her daughter is most likely to display signs of A. egocentrism. B. accommodation. C. insecure attachment. D. conservation.

answer

C. insecure attachment.

question

Female breasts are to ________ as male testes are to ________. A. menarche; menopause B. menopause; menarche C. secondary sex characteristics; primary sex characteristics D. primary sex characteristics; secondary sex characteristics

answer

C. secondary sex characteristics; primary sex characteristics

question

Jarrud thinks he should obey his teachers only if they are carefully watching him. Kohlberg would suggest that Jarrud demonstrates a(n) ________ morality. A. conventional B. unconventional C. preconventional D. postconventional

answer

C. preconventional

question

The sexual abuse of a very young child is so emotionally repulsive to most people that they immediately recognize it as shamefully immoral. This best illustrates that moral judgments may reflect A. habituation. B. insecure attachments. C. gut-level intuitions. D. concrete operational thought.

answer

C. gut-level intuitions.

question

The process of developing a sense of identity during adolescence was highlighted by A. Erikson's psychosocial development theory. B. Piaget's cognitive development theory. C. Kohlberg's moral development theory. D. Harlow's attachment theory.

answer

A. Erikson's psychosocial development theory.

question

A series of small strokes that progressively damage an older adult's brain is most likely to produce A. menarche. B. dementia. C. crystallized intelligence. D. Alzheimer's disease.

answer

B. dementia.

question

According to Erikson, older adults can most effectively cope with the prospect of their own death if they have achieved a sense of A. conventional morality. B. object permanence. C. conservation. D. integrity.

answer

D. integrity.

question

Mark thinks that language development over the life span requires a slow but steady shaping process. His belief is most directly relevant to the issue of A. continuity or stages. B. secure or insecure attachments. C. fluid or crystallized intelligence. D. cross-sectional or longitudinal studies.

answer

A. continuity or stages.

question

Dr. Joan Goodman is studying how memory changes as people get older. She is most likely a(n) psychologist.

answer

developmental

question

In Piaget's stage of concrete operational intelligence, the child acquires an understanding of the principle of:

answer

conservation

question

Piaget held that egocentrism is characteristic of the

answer

preoperational stage

question

During which stage of cognitive development do children acquire object permanence?

answer

sensorimotor

question

The rooting reflex occurs when a:

answer

newborn's cheek is touched.

question

Harlow's studies of attachment in monkeys showed that

answer

a cloth mother produced the greatest attach-ment response

question

When psychologists discuss maturation, they a rereferring to stages of growth that are notinfluenced by:

answer

nurture.

question

he developmental theorist who suggested that securely attached children develop an attitude of basic trust is

answer

Erikson

question

Research findings on infant motor development care consistent with the idea that

answer

maturation of physical skills is relatively unaf-fected by experience

question

According to Erikson, the central psychological challenges pertaining to adolescence, young adulthood, and middle age, respectively, are

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identity formation; intimacy; generativity.

question

In preconventional morality, the person:

answer

obeys to avoid punishment or to gain concrete rewards.

question

Which of the following is correct?

answer

Early maturing boys are more popular andself-assured than boys who mature late

question

A person's general ability to think abstractly iscalled intelligence. This ability generally with age

answer

fluid; decreases

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Among the hallmarks of growing up are a boy's first ejaculation and a girl's first menstrual period, which also is called

answer

menarche.

question

An elderly person who can look back on life with satisfaction and reminisce with a sense of completion has attained Erikson's stage of

answer

integrity

question

According to Piaget, the ability to think logically about abstract propositions is indicative of the stage of

answer

formal operations.

question

The cognitive ability that has been shown to decline during adulthood is the ability to

answer

recall new information.

question

Which of the following statements concerning the effects of aging is true?

answer

The aging process can be significantly affected by the individual's activity patterns.

question

Longitudinal tests:

answer

study the same people at different times.

question

The average age at which puberty begins is in boys; in girls, it is

answer

13; 11

question

After puberty, the self-concept usually becomes:

answer

more positive in both boys and girls.

question

Adolescence is marked by the onset of:

answer

puberty.

question

Of the following, which is a possible cause of dementia?

answer

stroke brain tumor alcoholism All of the above are possible causes

question

The end of menstruation is called:

answer

menopause.

question

The popular idea that terminally ill and bereaved people go through predictable stages, such as denial, anger, and so forth:

answer

is not supported by research studies

question

Stranger anxiety develops soon after:

answer

the concept of object permanence.

question

Before Piaget, people were more likely to believe that

answer

the child's mind is a miniature model of theadult's.

question

Which is the correct sequence of stages in Piaget's theory of cognitive development?

answer

sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete opera-tional, formal operation

question

A child can be born a drug addict because:

answer

drugs used by the mother will pass into thechild's bloodstream.

question

A child whose mother drank heavily when shew as pregnant is at heightened risk of

answer

being born with the physical and cognitive abnormalities of fetal alcohol syndrome

question

Which is the correct order of stages of prenatal development?

answer

zygote, embryo, fetus

question

The term critical period refers to

answer

a restricted time for learning.

question

Which of the following was not found by Harlow in socially deprived monkeys?

answer

They showed abnormal physical develop-ment.

question

Most people's earliest memories do not predate of age.

answer

6 months

question

Insecurely attached infants who are left by their mothers in an unfamiliar setting often will

answer

be indifferent toward their mothers on theirreturn.

question

Whose stage theory of moral development was based on how people reasoned about ethical dilemmas?

answer

is more appropriate than the longitudinalmethod for studying intellectual change overthe life span

question

The social clock refers to:

answer

typical ages for starting a career, marrying,and so on.

question

To which of Kohlberg's levels would moral reasoning based on the existence of fundamental human rights pertain?

answer

postconventional morality

question

In Erikson's theory, individuals generally focus on developing during adolescence and then during young adulthood

answer

identity; intimacy

question

After menopause, most women:

answer

feel a new sense of freedom.

question

Notable achievements in fields such a sare often made by younger adults in their late twenties or early thirties, when intelligence is at its peak

answer

mathematics; fluid

question

After their grown children have left home, most couples experience:

answer

greater happiness and enjoyment in their relationship

question

Underlying Alzheimer's disease is a deterioration in neurons that produce

answer

acetylcholine

question

A person's accumulation of stored information,called intelligence, generally with age.

answer

crystallized; increases

question

In terms of incidence, susceptibility to short-term illnesses with age and susceptibility to long-term ailments with ag

answer

decreases; increases

question

Stage theories have been criticized because they fail to consider that development may be significantly affected by

answer

variations in the social clock. each individual's experiences. each individual's historical and cultural set-ting. all of the above

question

Research on the American family indicates that:

answer

fewer than 23 percent of unmarried adults, but nearly 40 percent of married adults, report being "very happy" with life. the divorce rate is now one-half the marriagerate. of those who divorce, 75 percent remarry.

question

Compared to when he was younger, 4-year-oldAntonio is better able to empathize with his friend's feelings. This growing ability to take another's perspective indicates that Antonio is acquiring a

answer

theory of mind.

question

Calvin, who is trying to impress his psychology professor with his knowledge of infant motor development, asks why some infants learn to rollover before they lift their heads from a prone position, while others develop these skills in the opposite order. What should Calvin's professor conclude from this question

answer

Calvin doesn't know what he's talking about.Although some infants reach these develop-mental milestones ahead of others, the order is the same for all infants

question

Deborah is a mathematician and Willie is a philosopher. Considering their professions

answer

Deborah will make her most significant career accomplishments at an earlier age than Williewill.

question

Based on the text discussion of maturation and popularity, who among the following is probably the most popular sixth grader

answer

Rob, the tallest, most physically mature boy inthe class

question

As a child observes, liquid is transferred from a tall, thin tube into a short, wide jar. The child is asked if there is now less liquid in order to deter-mine if she has mastered

answer

the concept of conservation.

question

I am 14 months old and fearful of strangers. I am in Piaget's stage of cognitive development

answer

sensorimotor

question

I am 3 years old, can use language, and have trouble taking another person's perspective. I am in Piaget's stage of cognitive development

answer

preoperational

question

In Piaget's theory, conservation is to egocentrism as the stage is to the stage

answer

concrete operational; preoperational

question

Four-year-old Jamail has a younger sister. When asked if he has a sister, he is likely to answer; when asked if his sister has a brother, Jamail is likely to answer

answer

yes; no

question

In a 1998 movie, a young girl finds that a gaggle of geese follow her wherever she goes because she was the first "object" they saw after they were born. This is an example of

answer

imprinting.

question

Joshua and Ann Bishop have a 13-month-old boy.According to Erikson, the Bishops' sensitive, loving care of their child contributes to

answer

the child's sense of basic trust.

question

Fourteen-year-old Cassandra feels freer and more open with her friends than with her family Knowing this is the case, Cassandra's parents should

answer

be concerned, because deteriorating parent-teen relationships, such as this one, are oftenfollowed by a range of problem behaviors

question

Thirteen-year-old Irene has no trouble defeating her 11-year-old brother at a detective game that requires following clues in order to deduce the perpetrator of a crime. How might Piaget explain Irene's superiority at the game

answer

Being an adolescent, Irene is beginning todevelop abstract reasoning skills.

question

Which of the following was not mentioned in the text as a criticism of Kohlberg's theory of moral development?

answer

t does not account for the fact that the devel-opment of moral reasoning is culture-specific.

question

Sixty-five-year-old Calvin cannot reason as well as he could when he was younger. More than likely, Calvin's intelligence has declined

answer

they compare people who are not only differ-ent in age, but of different eras, education lev-els, and affluence

question

Which statement illustrates cognitive development during the course of adult life?

answer

Adults in their forties have better recall mem-ory than adults in their seventies.

question

Given the text discussion of life satisfaction pat-terns, which of the following people is likely to report the greatest life satisfaction?

answer

too little information to tell

question

Which of the following statements is consistent with the current thinking of developmental psychologists?

answer

The consistency of personality in most peopletends to increase over the life span

question

Sam, a junior in high school, regularly attends church because his family and friends think he should. Which stage of moral reasoning is Sam in

answer

conventional

question

Research on social relationships between parents and their adolescent children shows that

answer

high school girls who have the most affection-ate relationships with their mothers tend toenjoy the most intimate friendships with girl-friends.

question

Most contemporary developmental psychologists believe that

answer

the shaping of personality continues during adolescence and well beyond

question

After a series of unfulfilling relationships, 30-year-old Carlos tells a friend that he doesn't want to marry because he is afraid of losing his freedom and independence. Erikson would say that Carlos is having difficulty with the psychosocial task of:

answer

intimacy versus isolation.

question

Research on the relationship between self-reported happiness and employment in American women has revealed that:

answer

the quality of a woman's experience in her various roles is more predictive of happiness than the presence or absence of a given role

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