Question 1

A psychophysiological illness is

Accepted Answer

a stress-related physical illness such as hypertension.

Question 2

While reading a novel, Raoul isn\'t easily distracted by the sounds of the TV or even by his brothers\' loud arguments. This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

selective attention.

Question 3

Electrical stimulation of the ________ has been observed to trigger smiling and laughter in depressed patients.

Accepted Answer

Nucleus accumbens

Question 4

Employees who have just been laid off are asked questions that encourage them to express hostility toward their employer. Research suggests that this opportunity to vent anger will

Accepted Answer

increase their hostility

Question 5

Sexually aroused women who have been drinking alcohol become ________ disposed to casual sex. Sexually aroused men who have been drinking become ________ disposed to sexual aggression.

Accepted Answer

More; more

Question 6

Mentally rehearsing resentments contributes to ________ perspiration levels and ________ blood pressure levels than mentally rehearsing forgiveness.

Accepted Answer

higher; higher

Question 7

Morphine and heroin are

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opiates.

Question 8

An altered state of consciousness similar to that of a near-death experience is most likely to result from the use of

Accepted Answer

LSD.

Question 9

At 3 o\'clock in the morning, John has already slept for 4 hours. As long as his sleep continues, we can expect an increasing occurrence of

Accepted Answer

REM sleep

Question 10

Relative deprivation refers to the tendency for our personal happiness to be heavily influenced by

Accepted Answer

others\' attainments.

Question 11

Narcolepsy is a disorder involving

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difficulty falling and staying asleep.

Question 12

One of the dangers of using Ecstasy at all-night dances is

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dehydration.

Question 13

FranÃ§ois was dismayed to discover that some of his football teammates were using drugs to enhance their footwork and endurance on the playing field. Which of the following drugs were the players most likely using?

Accepted Answer

amphetamines

Question 14

The absence of a hypothalamic neural center that produces orexin has been linked to

Accepted Answer

narcolepsy.

Question 15

People\'s moment-to-moment positive moods tend to be highest near the ________ hours of their waking day and their moment-to-moment negative moods tend to be highest near the ________ hours of their waking day.

Accepted Answer

middle; later

Question 16

Three hours after going to sleep, Shoshanna\'s heart rate increases, her breathing becomes more rapid, and her eyes move rapidly under her closed lids. Research suggests that Shoshanna is

Accepted Answer

dreaming.

Question 17

Hypnosis involves a state of

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heightened openness to suggestion.

Question 18

The university\'s psychology department and school of medicine are cosponsoring a new professional program that applies behavioral and medical knowledge to health and disease. They are clearly offering a new degree in

Accepted Answer

behavioral medicine.

Question 19

Twenty-eight-year-old Theodore has an irrational fear of dogs. His therapist hypnotizes him and asks him to mentally relive his earliest childhood experience with a dog. The therapist is making use of

Accepted Answer

age regression

Question 20

Which of the following is bad advice for a person trying to overcome insomnia?

Accepted Answer

Drink a glass of wine 15 minutes before bedtime

Question 21

The James-Lange theory of emotion states that

Accepted Answer

to experience emotion is to be aware of our physiological responses to an emotion-arousing event.

Question 22

Cassandra\'s mother told her, \"You know you are in love when your heart beats fast and you experience that unique trembling feeling inside.\" This remark best illustrates the ________ theory of emotion.

Accepted Answer

James-Lange

Question 23

Ten distinct and basic emotions were identified by

Accepted Answer

Caroll Izard.

Question 24

The change in brain chemistry that offsets the effects of a psychoactive drug is called

Accepted Answer

neuroadaptation.

Question 25

Jordanna has decided to go to bed early. Although her eyes are closed and she\'s very relaxed, she has not yet fallen asleep. An electroencephalograph is most likely to indicate the presence of

Accepted Answer

alpha waves

Question 26

Research on the use of addictive drugs indicates that

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many people are able to stop using addictive drugs without professional help.

Question 27

A psychologist would have the greatest difficulty differentiating between anger and fear by monitoring the ________ associated with each.

Accepted Answer

heart rates

Question 28

While soundly asleep people cannot

Accepted Answer

learn tape-recorded messages to which they are repeatedly exposed.

Question 29

The brain waves associated with REM sleep are most similar to those of

Accepted Answer

Stage 1 sleep

Question 30

Researchers are most likely to question the value of hypnosis for

Accepted Answer

enhancing memory

Question 31

Regular users of ________ may achieve a high with smaller amounts of the drug than occasional users.

Accepted Answer

marijuana

Question 32

Luigi minimized the stress of testing positive for HIV by viewing this circumstance as an opportunity for a renewed religious commitment and spiritual growth. His reaction best illustrates the importance of

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stress appraisal.

Question 33

In a stressful situation, feelings of pain are dulled by

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sympathetic nervous system.

Question 34

To alleviate the stress of losing her job, Alicia enrolled in a work retraining program that led to full-time employment. Alicia\'s behavior best illustrates

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problem-focused coping

Question 35

It has been suggested that baring the teeth is universally associated with the expression of anger because this ability to convey threats has helped humans to survive. This suggestion best illustrates the

Accepted Answer

evolutionary perspective.

Question 36

Lee was momentarily terrified as a passing automobile nearly sideswiped his car. When one of his passengers joked that he almost had a two-color car, Lee laughed uncontrollably. Lee\'s emotional volatility best illustrates the

Accepted Answer

spillover effect.

Question 37

By triggering the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine, ________ boosts alertness and diminishes appetite.

Accepted Answer

nicotine

Question 38

A therapist tells a patient who is afraid of elevators that his rapid breathing while on an elevator is not due to fear but is a natural consequence of too little oxygen in a small, enclosed space. With this new interpretation of his arousal, the patient no longer dreads elevators. The reduction in the patient\'s fear is best understood in terms of the

Accepted Answer

two-factor theory.

Question 39

To alleviate the stress he feels after failing a college course, Jeremy seeks social support from his friends and family. Jeremy\'s behavior best illustrates

Accepted Answer

emotion-focused coping.

Question 40

Social support helps to promote cardiovascular health by

Accepted Answer

redistributing bloodflow from internal organs to skeletal muscles.

Question 41

Sensory experiences that occur without a sensory stimulus are called

Accepted Answer

hallucinations

Question 42

Evidence that people can develop an emotional preference for stimuli to which they have been unknowingly exposed has convinced Robert Zajonc that

Accepted Answer

sometimes emotions precede cognition.

Question 43

Consciousness is

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our awareness of ourselves and our environment.

Question 44

The fact that facial expressions of emotion tend to intensify the experience of emotion serves to support the

Accepted Answer

James-Lange theory.

Question 45

The autonomic nervous system regulates the ________ that accompanies different emotions.

Accepted Answer

physiological arousal

Question 46

The use of barbiturates ________ anxiety and ________ nervous system activity.

Accepted Answer

decreases, decreases

Question 47

Despite the very stressful events in his life, Mark has been able to maintain good health. This is because of his persistent optimism and the emotional support of his family. An integrated understanding of Mark\'s well-being is most clearly provided by

Accepted Answer

a biopsychosocial approach.

Question 48

When cocaine is snorted, free-based, or injected, it produces a rush of euphoria by

Accepted Answer

blocking the reuptake of dopamine.

Question 49

Chronic anger ________ the risk of heart disease, and chronic depression ________ the risk of heart disease.

Accepted Answer

increases; increases

Question 50

Which of the following is an amphetamine derivative that acts as a mild hallucinogen?

Accepted Answer

ecstasy

Question 51

The macrophage and lymphocytes are major agents of the

Accepted Answer

immune system

Question 52

One biological basis for addiction involves brain activity in the ________ reward system.

Accepted Answer

dopamine

Question 53

Although we may be unaware of our gender prejudices, they often influence the way we consciously perceive males and females. This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

dual processing

Question 54

Dreams often involve sudden emotional reactions and surprising changes in scene. This best serves to support the theory that dreams

Accepted Answer

are triggered by random bursts of neural activity.

Question 55

The term catharsis refers to emotional

Accepted Answer

release.

Question 56

In one experiment, college men were injected with epinephrine before spending time with either a joyful or an irritated person. The results of this experiment support the idea that

Accepted Answer

two-factor theory

Question 57

Aerobic exercise is associated with

Accepted Answer

increased levels of serotonin and increased levels of the endorphins.

Question 58

Prior to age 9, children\'s dreams seem more like a slide show and less like an active story in which the dreamer is an actor. This best illustrates that the content of dreams reflects children\'s

Accepted Answer

cognitive development.

Question 59

Hypertension rates are highest in those European countries where people report the lowest

Accepted Answer

subjective well-being.

Question 60

In their dispute over the role of cognition in emotion, both Zajonc and Lazarus agree that

Accepted Answer

some emotional reactions involve no conscious thinking.

Question 61

During the first few weeks of law school, students were observed to have stronger immune systems if they

Accepted Answer

were optimistic.

Question 62

Night terrors typically occur

Accepted Answer

within three hours of falling asleep.

Question 63

Orne and Evans discovered that unhypnotized subjects performed the same dangerous acts as hypnotized subjects. This finding is most consistent with the theory that hypnosis involves

Accepted Answer

conscious role-playing

Question 64

The pituitary gland releases a growth hormone during

Accepted Answer

paradoxical sleep.

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