question

_________ is known as the "father of psychology".

answer

Wilhelm Wundt

question

William James was responsible for developing the theory of:

answer

functionalism

question

Which of the following is TRUE about Gestalt psychology?

answer

It focused on perception of patterns and whole figures and events.

question

Freud proposed that there is a(n) _______ mind into which we repress all of our threatening urges and desires.

answer

unconscious

question

Pavlov's work with learning in dogs focused on the concept of:

answer

conditioning

question

Watson's work with "Little Albert" supported the idea that:

answer

phobias can be learned through the process of conditioning

question

_______ is the study of the physical changes in the brain and nervous system during thinking.

answer

cognitive neuroscience

question

The sociocultural perspective studies:

answer

the effect people have on one another, both individually and in a large group

question

Which perspective focuses on the biological bases for universal mental characteristics that all humans share?

answer

the evolutionary perspective

question

A professional who holds a doctoral degree (but has not attended medical school) and may work in a wide number of vocational settings would be a(n) ____.

answer

psychologist

question

Studying children's interactions by watching them play on the school playground is an example of:

answer

naturalistic observation

question

_______ refers to the tendency of observers to see what they expect to see.

answer

Observer bias

question

The case of Phineas Gage is an often-cited example of:

answer

a case study

question

One drawback to the survey method is:

answer

the way in which a question is worded can affect the answer.

question

It it is shown that students' grades go down the more hours they spend watching TV, then grades and hours spent watching TV have a ________ correlation.

answer

negative

question

The best method to use to determine the cause of a behavior is the:

answer

experiment

question

In a double-blind experiment, _______ are kept unaware of which participants are in the control group(s) and which participants are in the experimental group(s).

answer

both the researcher(s) and the participants

question

Ms. Glass tells her students everyday how much she wants everyone to succeed, but that they each must choose to attend class and study effectively in order to be successful. She reminds them that the individual choices they make will dramatically affect their outcomes for success. To which perspective of psychology does Ms. Glass's philosophy on academic performance best relate?

answer

humanism

question

Since birth, Jared has experienced a disturbing twitch that interferes with his ability to function. Through careful observation, it was discovered that Jared's uncontrollable behavior may be the result of a genetic predisposition. The psychological perspective that correlates best with this finding is _____.

answer

biopsychology

question

Dr. Eckler is looking for new ideas to examine and is interested in testing the notion that students who prepare for their exams by cramming will perform more poorly than students who study regularly throughout the semester. The notion being tested best depicts which research concept?

answer

a hypothesis

question

Alejandro wanted to examine people's reactions to various situations in public places. As part of his study, he set up fake incidents where actors played different scenarios. With cameras rolling and the spotlight shining brightly on the actors, Alejandro's attempt to capture specific reactions by random bystanders was unsuccessful. What might explain his failed research attempt?

answer

observer effect

question

Professor Robinson is interested in examining how study breaks influence memory. She allows one group of psychology students to take a single 15-minute break while another group of psychology students takes three 5-minute breaks. What is the dependent variable?

answer

the students' memory of the material

question

What example best illustrates the placebo effect? a. you vomit after eating bad meat b. you hear strange noises in the house after watching a scary movie c. you drink a non-alcoholic beverage that tastes like beer and begin to feel intoxicated d. you become sleepy just after you begin studying

answer

c. you drink a non-alcoholic beverage that tastes like beer and begin to feel intoxicated

question

True or false: Freud's theory of psychoanalysis is still in use by professionals today, but with less emphasis on sex and sexual motivations

answer

true

question

_____focuses on how people think, remember, store, and use information

answer

Cognitive psychology

question

Researchers use _______ for reducing bias and error in the measurement of data

answer

the scientific method

question

experimenters control the effects of extraneous or confounding variables upon members of experimental and control groups by using:

answer

random assignment

question

What is the main advantage of laboratory observation?

answer

the degree of control it gives the researcher

question

What is a guideline for doing research with people?

answer

participants must be allowed to make an informed decision about participation

question

A researcher wants to describe children's normal behavior on the playground. The best method for this research is to use:

answer

naturalistic observation

question

In the definition of psychology, the term "mental processes" refers to

answer

internal, covert activities

question

In 1879, in Leipzig, Germany, the first psychological laboratory was overseen by _______.

answer

Wilhelm Wundt

question

John B. Watson believed that psychology should involve the study of:

answer

behavior

question

The Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov discovered that:

answer

dogs would salivate to the sound of a ticking metronome due to a learned reflexive response called conditioning

question

The majority of psychologists work in:

answer

four-year colleges and universities

question

Researchers must report their results completely whether the hypothesis was supported or not. Complete reporting is necessary for the purpose of:

answer

replication

question

A question of whether students prefer something over something else can be best answered by using the:

answer

survey method

question

Ken is planning on studying the influence of intelligence on the ability to recall events from the 1960s. If ken does not account for variables such as age, which could also influence one's ability to recall these events, age could be considered a(n):

answer

compounding variable

question

Experimenters can justify the use of deception because:

answer

it may be necessary for the experiment to work

question

The CEO of a large automobile company says the cars the company makes are safe regardless of the fact that they lead the country in accidents due to faulty equipment. This discrepancy highlights what critical thinking principle?

answer

Authority or expertise does not make the claims of the authority or expert true.

question

What are the goals of psychology?

answer

1. Description 2. Explanation 3. Prediction 4. Control

question

How did Ivan Pavlov discover the process of conditioning when working with dogs?

answer

Was testing when dogs salivate. Noticed dogs salivate before food was shown, due to recognizing signs of food prep.

question

What is the difference between the control group and experimental group in a research study?

answer

Experimental - being experimented on, is exposed to independent variable Control - not exposed

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