question

The process of teaching children the values, roles, and behaviors of their cultures is called ___?___.

answer

socialization

question

___?___ parents show high levels of control and low levels of warmth toward their children.

answer

authoritarian

question

Parents who use a moderate amount of control and who are warm and responsive to their children are ___?___ parents.

answer

authoritative

question

__?__ parents are warm and caring, but they exert little control over their children.

answer

permissive

question

Parents who are neither warm nor controlling and who try to minimize the amount of time spent with their children are __?__ parents.

answer

uninvolved

question

Telling a child what to do, when, and why is called__?__

answer

direct instruction

question

Observing another's behavior and learning what should not be done is known as __?__

answer

counterimitation

question

__?__ is an action that increases the likelihood of the resposnse that it follows

answer

reinforcement

question

__?__ is any action that discourages the reoccurrence of the response that it follows

answer

punishment

question

Parents may unwittingly reinforce the very behaviors that they want to discourage, in a situation called a __?__

answer

negative reinforcement trap

question

__?__ involves removing children who are misbehaving from a situation to a quiet, unstimulating environment

answer

time-out

question

In __?__ both parents retain legal custody of their children after divorce

answer

joint custody

question

___?___ families consist of a biological parent, a stepparent, and children

answer

blended

question

Children's ability to respond adaptively and resourcefully to new situations is known as __?__

answer

ego resilience

question

___?___ is a voluntary relationship between two people involving mutual liking

answer

Friendship

question

Discussing each other's personal problems while spending time together with friends is known as ___?___

answer

co-rumination

question

A small group of friends who are similar in age, sex, and race is called a __?__

answer

clique

question

Many cliques that have similar attitudes and values may become part of a larger group known as a __?__

answer

crowd

question

Groups often have a __?__ where group members with lower status defer to the group leader.

answer

dominance hierarchy

question

Children who are __?__ are liked by many classmates

answer

popular

question

Children who are __?__ are disliked by many classmates.

answer

rejected

question

__?__ children are both liked and disliked by many classmates

answer

controversial

question

Children who are __?__ are liked and disliked by many classmates, but without the intensity found for popular, rejected, or controversial children

answer

average

question

Children who are __?__ are ignored by classmates

answer

neglected

question

In __?__, a child uses aggression to achieve an explicit goal

answer

instrumental aggression

question

__?__ is unprovoked and seems to have as its sole goal to intimidate, harass, or humiliate another child.

answer

hostile aggression

question

Children benefit most when parents exhibit __?_ control over their children. a)no b)very little c)moderate d)very strong

answer

c) Moderate

question

Chinese parents have been found to __?__ than American parents. a)be less controlling b)be more emotionally restrained c)be more affectionate d)stress individualism more

answer

b) Be more emotionally restrained

question

Jessica's parents usually explain why they set specific rules, and encourage Jessica to talk with them about their rules. While they do set expectations for Jessica's behavior, they are quite affectionate, loving, and interested in what is going on in Jessica's life. Jessica's parents most closely fit the __?__ parenting style. a)authoritarian b)authoritative c)permissive d)uninvolved

answer

b) Authoritative

question

Victoria's parents dote on her. They want her to have the best of everything and do what they can to cater to her sometimes frivolous whims. They are usually quite satisfied with Victoria's behavior and have rarely disciplined her. Their parenting style most closely resembles the _?_ pattern. a)authoritarian b)authorative c)permissive d) uninvolved

answer

c) Permissive

question

Children with __?_ parents often have lower self-esteem and are unhappy. a)authoritarian b)authorative c)permissive d) uninvolved

answer

a) Authoritarian

question

Children with __?__ parents usually do poorly in school and are aggressive. a)authoritarian b)authorative c)permissive d) uninvolved

answer

d) Uninvolved

question

Jasmine's mother told her to wash her hands before she eats, explaining that she needs to wash away the germs before she eats. Jasmine's mother was using. a)time-out b)positive reinforcement c)punishment d)direct instruction

answer

d) Direct instruction

question

Jordan often saw his father kick and throw things when they didn't work properly and saw his mother get upset. Jordan then became less likely to kick and throw things himself. Jordan's observation resulted in __? a)counterimitation b)disinhibition c)reinforcement d)a negative reinforcement trap

answer

a) Counterimitation

question

Punishment is most effective when: a) it is administered with a delay after the behavior occurs,b)it is administered only occasionally when the misbehavior occurs,c)there is no explanation of why the child was punished,d)the child has a warm, affectionate relationship with the punisher.

answer

d) the child has a warm, affectionate relationship with the punisher

question

When parents punish children by making then sit alone in a quiet, unstimulating location for a few minutes, they are using a method of discipline called: a)time-out b)disinhibition c) direct instruction d)inhibition

answer

a) Time-out

question

Sibling relations are less likely to be harminous when: a) the younger sibling approches adolescene, b)siblings are of the same sex, c)both siblings are very emotional, d) parents have a warm, harmonious relationship

answer

c) Both siblings are very emotional

question

Which of the following statements concerning birth order effects or family constellation is true? a)1st born children typically have higher scores on intelligence tests and more likely than later-borns to go to college, b)1st born children are more innovative and popular w their peers than later-born, c)later-born are more willing than 1st borns to conform to parents' and adults' request, d)only children to be worse off in many way than children w siblings.

answer

a) First-born children typically have higher scores on intelligence tests and are more likely than later-borns to go to college

question

The effects of divorce on children: a)is about the same for girls and boys, b) is greater for preschool children than for school-age children and adolescents, c)became less harmful during the 1990s than it had been prior to that time, d)is less negative when children live with their opposite-sex parent

answer

a)is about the same for girls and boys

question

__?__ is occuring when children do not receive adequate food, clothing, or medical care. a)sexual abuse b)psychological abuse c)physical abuse d)neglect

answer

d) Neglect

question

Child abuse occurs more often: a)in countries like Sweden, where physical punishment is not socially accepted, than in countries like the US, where physical punishment is accepted; b)when children are older rather than younger; c)when parents have low expectations for their children; d)when families are socially isolated from other relatives or neighbors

answer

d)when families are socially isolated from other relatives or neighbors

question

When describing her friends, 6yo samantha is likely to emphasize: a)their role as a playmate b)their loyalty c)mutual give and take d)intimacy

answer

a)their role as a playmate

question

A new aspect of friendship during adolescence is: a)shared activities b)trust c)assistance d)intimacy

answer

d)intimacy

question

Interracial friendships: a)are more likely to occur when classes are large b)are more likely to occur when a child's school and neighborhood are ethnically diverse c)made in school usually extended to out-of-school settings when neighborhoods are segregates d)are as likely to occur as same-race friendships

answer

b)are more likely to occur when a child's school and neighborhood are ethnically diverse

question

Children with friends __?__ than children without friends. a)show less prosocial behavior b)adapt less readily to new schools c)have higher self-esteem d)are more likely to be victimized by their peers

answer

c)have higher self-esteem

question

When parents have__?__ parenting styles, their children are likely to become involved with crowds that __?__: a)uninvolved or indulgent; endorse adult standards of behavior b)authoritative; reject adult standards of behavior c) authoritarian; do not use drugs d)authoratative; endorse adult standars of behavior

answer

d)authoratative; endorse adult standars of behavior

question

Nate is the leader of a group of boys that call themselves the "Arrows." The boys in the group all go along with the decisions that Nate makes about what the "Arrows" are going to do. The "Arrows" have a group structure known as: a)power assertion b)a dominance hierarchy c)a blended family d)authoritative

answer

b)a dominance hierarchy

question

Bobby, a(n) __?__ child, is admired and even idolized by many of his classmates, but at the same time is detested and avoided by many of his other classmates. a)popular b)rejected c)controversial d)average

answer

c)controversial

question

Popular children __?__ while unpopular children __?__: a)are more likely to share, cooperate, and help; typically do not b)tend to make groups adjust to them; try to fit in with groups c)typically have average intelligence; are quite often gifted d)are more likely to break rules; are less likely to do so

answer

a)are more likely to share, cooperate, and help; typically do not

question

Deirdre is very aggresive with other children, often verbally attacking them for no apparent reason. Whenever someone disagrees with her, she becomes very angry and tries to get back at them is some way. Other children tend to reject her. Compered to more popular children, Deirdre is more likely to: a)do well in school b)have parents who discipline her consistently c)drop out of school d)have fewer behavioral problems

answer

c)drop out of school

question

A child who uses aggression to achieve an explicit goal is demonstrating: a)a dominance hierarchy b)hostile aggression c)instrumental aggression d)relational aggression

answer

c)instrumental aggression

question

An effective strategy for victimized children to use for dealing with aggression is to: a)respond to aggression with aggression b)show fear when threatened c) increase their self-esteem so they are less tolerant of personal abuse d)encourage them to avoid friendships with peers

answer

c) increase their self-esteem so they are less tolerant of personal abuse

question

Which of the following statements concerning children's TV habits is true? a)TV viewing time increases gradually during the preschool and elementary school years, reaching a peak at about 11 or 12 yrs of age b)Grls watch more TV than boys c)children w higher IQs watch more TV than those with lower IQs d)children from higher-income families watch more TV than children from lower-income families

answer

a)TV viewing time increases gradually during the preschool and elementary school years, reaching a peak at about 11 or 12 yrs of age

question

Michael frequently watches TV shows with high levels of violence. If Michael responds typically: a)his behavior is not likely to be affected by the exposure to TV violence b)he is likely to become less tolerant of aggression in others c)he is likely to become less aggressive d)he is likely to become more aggresive

answer

d)he is likely to become more aggresive

question

Which of the following was NOT a recommendation in the text for parents regarding children's television-viewing? a)Encourage children to know what they want to watch before they turn on the TV b)Allow children to determine how much TV per week they can watch c)Parents should watch TV with their children and discuss the programs d)parents need to be good TV viewers themselves. That is, they shouldn't watch violent programs or others that are inappropriate for children

answer

b)Allow children to determine how much TV per week they can watch

question

Prosocial TV shows: a)have no influence on children's prosocial behavior b)have less influences on childrens prosocial behavior than violent TV shows have on childrens aggresive behavior c)are more common than violent TV shows d) can increase prosocial behavior

answer

d) can increase prosocial behavior

question

4yo Austin watches Sesame St regularly. She is likely to: a)have better academic skills than children who watch Sesame St less often b)find school boring by comparison and adjust poorly when she begins kindergarten c)have a smaller vocab than children who watch Sesame St less often d)be more aggressive than children who watch Sesame St less often

answer

a)have better academic skills than children who watch Sesame St less often

question

Compared to older children's descriptions, younger children's descriptions of other people are more likely to focus on __?__ traits: a)psychological b)abstract c)personality d)concrete

answer

d)concrete

question

Which of Selman's stages of perspective taking is the least advanced? a)social-informational b)third-person c)undifferentiated d)societal

answer

c)undifferentiated

question

Who has the most advanced form of perspective-talking? a)Janda, who can step in another's shoes and view himself as others do b)Michael, who knows that he and others can have different thoughts and feelings but often confuses the two c)Brian, who can step out of the immediate situation to see how he and another person are viewed by a third person d)Maria, who realizes that a third person's perspective is influenced by broader personal, social, and cultural contexts

answer

d)Maria, who realizes that a third person's perspective is influenced by broader personal, social, and cultural contexts

question

Prejudice:a)is rare in preschoolers b)decreases as children learn that they are part of a specific group c)increases when children have more contact with children from other groups d) decreases when children use role-playing to imagine what it would be like to be from a different ethnic group and experience discrimination

answer

d) decreases when children use role-playing to imagine what it would be like to be from a different ethnic group and experience discrimination

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