question

Eldon has just finished his essay test and handed it in. As he walks out of the classroom, he realizes that there were a few more things he should have included in the essay. Eldon's problem is in the memory of ___.

answer

retrieval

question

When Edie studies her psychology terms, she tries to tie each concept in to something she already knows. She thinks about the meaning of the concept rather than just saying the words over and over. Which model of memory would best explain Edie's approach to encoding memories?

answer

levels of processing model

question

Long ago, when a television set was turned off it took awhile for the last image that was on the screen to fade away. This is most like __.

answer

iconic memory

question

Which type of memory is used to keep the flow of conversation going by allowing a person to remember what was just said?

answer

echoic memory

question

Fethia learned her multiplication facts by repeating them over and over until she had them memorized. Fethia was using what kind of rehearsal?

answer

maintenance

question

of the following, which is the most similar to the concept of long term memory?

answer

a filing cabinet

question

Long term memories are encoded in terms of

answer

sounds, visual images, and meaning of words and concepts

question

in the game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? contestants are asked a series of questions of general information, although of increasing difficulty. The type of memory needed to access the answers to these kinds of questions is ___.

answer

semantic

question

The Internet, with its series of links from one site to many others, is a good analogy for the organization of ___.

answer

long term memory

question

The best place to take your math exam to ensure good retrieval of math concepts is in ___

answer

the math classroom

question

Sarah can remeber names of the first two people she was introduced to at Ted's party, and she can remember the name of the last person she met, but the names of the dozen or so people in between are gone. This is an example of the ___.

answer

serial position effect

question

This quiz question, as well as the other quiz questions, makes use of which form of retrieval or memories?

answer

recognition

question

Which of the following statements about Loftus's classic study is TRUE?

answer

subjects either increased or decreased the number of demonstrators in an attempt to compromise their memory with the later false information

question

Which of the following statements about flashbulb memories is FALSE?

answer

they are usually accurate

question

The phenomenon of hindsight bias is an example of the ___ of long-term memory retrieval.

answer

constructive processing view

question

In Loftus's 1978 study, subjects viewed a slide presentation of an accident. Later, some of the subjects were asked a question about a yield sign. When these subject were asked a question about a yield sign when the actual slides contained pictures of a stop sign. When these same subjects were later asked about what kind of sign was at the accident , they were very likely to be confused in this situation. This is an example of the ___.

answer

misinformation effect

question

Which of the following statements about memory retrieval while under hypnosis is TRUE?

answer

people recalling memories under hypnosis are more confident in their memories, regardless of accuracy.

question

Pezdek and colleagues found that for a person to interpret thought and fantasies about false events as true memories ___.

answer

the event must seem as plausible as possible

question

Salvatore was introduced to a number of new people on his first day at his new job. According to Ebbinghaus, when should Salvatore expect to have forgotten the greatest number of the names he has just learned?

answer

within the first hour after learning the names

question

When a person "forgets" what someone has just said because he wasn't paying attention to the speaker at all, it is an example of the ___ explanation of forgetting.

answer

encoding failure

question

Edna took sociology in the fall semester and is now taking psychology. Some of the concepts are similar, and edna finds that she sometimes has trouble recalling some of the major sociology theorists. She keeps getting them confused with psychology theorists. Edna's problem is most likely due to ___.

answer

retroactive interference

question

Brian went from the US, where he grew up, to England. The first week he was there, he had a terrible time remembering to drive on the left side of the road. His problem was most likely due to ___.

answer

proactive interference

question

Katherine is trying to hold the names of the students she just met in her psychology class in short-term memory. According to studies, these short-term memories will be stored in what part of the brain?

answer

prefrontal lobes

question

Research suggests that memory formation is a function of ___.

answer

changes in the number of receptor sites, sensitivity of the synapse, the dendrites and proteins within neurons

question

The role of the ___ in the formation of new long term memories was first made apparent in the case of H.M., a fanous amnesiac.

answer

hippcampus

question

T.J. was in a car accident and suffered a concussion. After he recovered, he found that he could not remember the accident itself or the events of the morning leading up to the accident. T.J. had which kind of amnesia?

answer

retrograde

question

Memory can be described as ___.

answer

an active system that encodes, stores, and retrieves

question

In the ___ model of memory, memories are simultaneously created and stored across a mental network.

answer

parallel distributed processing model

question

Roberta looked up from her book, realizing that Joaquin had just said something to her. What was it? Oh, yes, he had just asked her if she wanted to go out to dinner. Roberta's ability to retrieve what Joaquin said is due to her ___.

answer

echoic sensory memory

question

Although Sperling found evidence that iconic memory lasts about half a second, in reality information gets pushed out rather quickly by newer information. Evidence suggests that iconic memory really lasts about ___ of a second.

answer

one quarter

question

The duration of echoic memory is ___ than iconic memory, but its capacity is probably ___.

answer

longer; smaller

question

When Greg tried to remember the name of his employer's husband, he had trouble getting the name right. At first he thought it might be Sandy or Candy but finally realized that it was Mandy. Greg's confusion is evidence that short term memories are primarily encoded in ___ form.

answer

acoustic

question

Although the capacity of short term memory is limited, more items can be held in this kind of storage through the process of ___.

answer

chunking

question

The best method for encoding long term memories is probably to use ___.

answer

elaborative rehearsal

question

The levels of processing concept of Craik and Lockhart would suggest that which of the following a questions would lead to better memory of the word frog?

answer

would it be found in the pond

question

Which type of long term memory is revised and updated more or less constantly?

answer

episodic

question

Knowledge that we gain from school is called ___ memory.

answer

semantic

question

The semantic network model of memory would suggest that which of the following questions would take longest to answer?

answer

is a collie an animal

question

The research of Eich and Metcalf would suggest that if you were really angry when you were learning Spanish, you should be ___ when taking the final exam for best retrieval.

answer

angry

question

Which of the following is NOT an example of a test using recall?

answer

true-false

question

The serial position effect predicts that the information that will be remembered best from a list will come at the ___ of the list.

answer

beginning and the end

question

Melanie was having a difficult time describing the man who took her purse in the mall parking lot. The officer showed her some pictures of people who had been involved in similar crimes, and she was quickly able to point out the right man. Melanie's situation is a reminder that in comparing recognition to recall, recognition tends to be ___.

answer

easier

question

Is eyewitness testimony usually acccurate?

answer

No, because there is great possibility of a "false positive" identification

question

The passage of time and frequency of events are examples of knowledge that is often subject to ___.

answer

constructive processing

question

Ebbinghaus found that information is forgotten ___.

answer

quickly at first, then tapering off gradually

question

A problem with using decay or disuse theory to explain forgetting from long term memory is that ___.

answer

older people can still remember things from their early years

question

You started out by using WordPerfect and then moved to Microsoft Word because your company demanded that all documents be in Word. If you have trouble with Word, it is most likely due to ___.

answer

proactive interference

question

The main type of memory problem that people with dementia, including Alzheimer's, typically have is called ___.

answer

antegrade amnesia

question

One theory that explains infantile amnesia states that these memories are ___.

answer

implicit and not retrievable consciously

question

Gingko biloba extract is supposed to help memory because it ___.

answer

increases the flow of blood to the brain

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