question

optimal amount of stress that people need to promote their health and sense of well-being is called ___.

answer

eustress

question

Anxiety, recurring nightmares, sleep disturbances, and concentration problems that occur for more than one month after a major stressor are symptoms of ___.

answer

post-traumatic stress disorder

question

Research has shown that ___ have long-term effect on physical and mental health, but ___ have a greater impact on short-term health.

answer

major life events; hassles

question

College Undergraduate Stress Scale rates being raped as equally stressful when compared with which of the following?

answer

finding out that one is HIV-positive

question

When people have to work harder, do more work, or work faster, they're experiencing ___.

answer

pressure

question

Stress-increasing effects of uncontrollability are related to the effects of ___ on stress.

answer

unpredictability

question

Eduardo is on his way to an important job interview when his car breaks down on the highway. Eduardo is likely to experience what kind of frustration?

answer

external

question

First response that people typically make to frustration is ___.

answer

persistence

question

people who are depressed and may be suicidal often suffer from ___, a condition in which the person has lost the ability to experience pleasure.

answer

anhedonia

question

Jasmine has just been offered an opportunity to teach at a small college in a rural area of Kansas. On the one hand, she really needs a job and the money it would bring would allow her to pay off some debts. But the college is in a very small town far away from any major cities and has very little to offer in the way of amusements. She would also be far away from her family and friends. Jasmine is facing what type of conflict in deciding whether or not to accept the job?

answer

approach-avoidance

question

In the ___ stage of the GAS, the person may actually start to feel better.

answer

resistance

question

Activation of the immune system response by stress differs from the activation of that system by illness in that ___.

answer

stress activates areas in the brain first

question

According to Lazerus, secondary appraisal involves ___.

answer

estimating the resources a person has available for coping

question

Adam is very ambitious and driven to succeed. He is easily angered, always wants to be working, and finds it hard to relax. According to research, Adam ___.

answer

is at a high risk for coronary heart disease

question

Which of the following is NOT one of the three \"C's\" of the hardy personality?

answer

callousness

question

Optimism has been associated with all of the following except ___.

answer

increased rates of learned helplessness

question

Which of the following is NOT a typical source of stress in the workplace?

answer

lack of shift work

question

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of burnout?

answer

optimism

question

Larysa moved from Ukraine to the US. She learned to speak and write English, changed her last name so that it would sound more \"American\", and no longer maintains any of her old culture's sty;es of dress or customs. Larsa has used which method of entering the majority culture?

answer

assimilation

question

Social support ___.

answer

shows all of the above

question

When a person tries to cope by eliminating or changing the stressor directly, it is known as ___.

answer

problem-focused coping

question

Darrell is convinced that a woman supervisor in his office is very attracted to him, even though she has given him no outward signs of interest in him. He watches her frequently and makes excuses to be near her or to talk to her. He interprets everything she says as a veiled reference to her desire for him. If Darrell's supervisor actually has no romantic interest in him, we might conclude that Darrell is ___.

answer

projecting

question

Rusty drinks beer all day long, often passing out in a stupor after several hours of steady drinking. yet he refuses to admit that he has a drinking problem, saying that \"it's only beer\" and continuing to drink. Rusty is most likely using which defense mechanism?

answer

denial

question

Kareem is relaxing in a chair with his eyes closed. As he sits quietly, he is focusing on the sound of his own breathing and clearing his mind of other thoughts. Kareem is practicing ___.

answer

concentrative meditation

question

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways that religion helps people reduce or cope with stress?

answer

religion isolates people from those who are different

question

Which of the following is a cognitive symptom of stress?

answer

memory problems

question

How do today's researchers differ from Selye in their view of eustress?

answer

they believe that a certain level of eustress is necessary to promote health

question

Unpredicatble, large-scale events that create a great deal of stress and feelings of threat are called ___.

answer

catastrophes

question

After the car accident, Yoshiki suffered from nightmares and other sleeping problems, and she could not concentrate on her work. After about two weeks, these symptoms disappeared and she was able to work and sleep normally again. Yoshiko was suffering from ___.

answer

acute stress disorder

question

Lisa's score on the SRRS was 380. According to Holmes and Rahe, Lisa is probably sufefring from a ___.

answer

major life crisis

question

Researchers found that the ___ of daily hassles was a far better predictor of headaches than were scores on a life events scale.

answer

perceived severity

question

For which of the following groups of people would going shopping or experiencing bad weather be more stressful that for the other groups, according to Ellis et al. (2001)?

answer

elderly people

question

Which of the following is NOT a source of stress as discussed in the text?

answer

predictability

question

Who reformulated the frustration-aggression hypothesis?

answer

Berkowitz

question

Rachel's employer gives her a bad review, making Rachel feel lousy. When she arrives at home, she yells at her husband and children. Rachel is displaying ___.

answer

displacement

question

Trying to decide between two of your favorite desserts is an example of a(n) ___ conflict.

answer

approach-approach

question

Phrases such as \"caught between a rock and a hard place\" and \"out of the frying pan, into the fire\" refer to ___ conflicts.

answer

avoidance-avoidance

question

When a person has to make a choice among several goals and each goal ha sboth its good points and its bad pints, the person is experiencing a(n) ___ conflict.

answer

multiple approach-avoidance

question

In which of Selye's stages is death a possible outcome?

answer

exhaustion

question

Appraising a stressor as a challenge results in ___ than if the stressor is appraised as a threat.

answer

less stress

question

Joe rarely takes any work home, preferring to leave his work worries at the office. He is not ambitious and likes to have a lot of leisure time when it is possible. He is also easygoing and doesn't lose his temper often, preferring to avoid conflict. Which of the following statements about Joe is most likely TRUE?

answer

Joe is a type B personality

question

Tad seems to thrive on stress and feels very much in control of his life. He would probably be labeled a ___ personality

answer

hardy

question

Which of the following is NOT one of the three methods suggested by Vaughan to promote a positive, optimistic mood?

answer

using a scapegoat

question

Acculturative stress is lowest for people who choose ___ as their method of entering the majority culture.

answer

integration

question

Shawna is having trouble in algebra. She goes to the school's academic help center for tutoring and spends extra time working algebra problems at home. Shawna's method of coping is ___.

answer

problem focused

question

Jerome, an 8-year-old boy, constantly teases one of the girls in his third-grade classroom. He calls her names ad chases her on the playground, telling other boys that she has \"cooties\". If Jerome's real feelings are more like attraction to this girl, we can say that Jerome is exhibiting ___.

answer

reaction formation

question

Meditation has been shown to accomplish all of the following except ___.

answer

reduce the need for sheep

question

Who among the following probably has the least ability to cope effectively with stress?

answer

Jackie, who has few friends and whose family lives far away from her

question

Which of the following is NOT one of the guidelines for preventing suicide?

answer

give the person advice even if he or she doesn't ask for it

question

Which of the following is one of the ways to promote wellness in one's life?

answer

get enough sleep

question

Although Chien's parents have told him that he attended his grandmother's funeral when he was 9 years old, he has no memory of the funeral. According to Freud, Chien's memory of the funeral ma be in the ___ mind.

answer

unconscious

question

Which of Freud's parts of the personality is most like a director?

answer

ego

question

According to Freud, which part of the personality makes the person feel pride when doing the right thing?

answer

conscience

question

In Freud's view of the personality, the \"devil' would be seen as the ___.

answer

id

question

An area of the body that produces pleasurable sensations is called the ___ zone.

answer

erogenous

question

In which psychosexual stage might fixation result in a person who is excessively neat and fussy?

answer

anal

question

In which psychosexual stage does the defense mechanism of identification figure prominently?

answer

phallic

question

In which psychosexual stage are the sexual feelings repressed?

answer

latency

question

According to Jung, the part of the mind containing universal human memories is called the ___ unconscious.

answer

collective

question

Which of the neo-Freudians discussed in the text talked about neurotic personalities as moving toward people, moving against people, or moving away from people?

answer

Horney

question

According to behaviorists, personality is ___.

answer

a set of learned responses

question

Which of the following is not one of Bandura's three factors in reciprocal determinism?

answer

traits

question

Sandy is playing a trivia game with her friends. When it is her turn, she gets the category of geography. She knows very little about geography and has never done well in tis category in the past, so her sense of self-efficacy is likely to be ___.

answer

low

question

Eddie knws that he is pretty good at art, but his parents have never encouraged him to develop art as a career because they don't feel that artists have \"real\" jobs. As a result, Eddie feels that he should concentrate on a more practical career to please his parents. If Eddie is working to be who he should be, according to his parents, he is being influenced by his ___.

answer

ideal self

question

Rogers believed that in order for people to become fully functioning, they must receive ___ from the important people in their lives.

answer

unconditional positive guard

question

Who believed that traits existed as part of the nervous system?

answer

Aliport

question

According to Cattell, traits that are numerous and can easily be seen by other people are called ___ traits.

answer

surface

question

In the Big Five theory of personality, \"C\" stands for ___.

answer

conscientiousness

question

Elsie's daughter gave her a microwave oven for her birthday. Elsie has never used a microwave and is scared to use this one. Instead, she lets it sit in her kitchen and refuses to let her daughter teach her how to use it. Elsie would probably score very low on ___.

answer

openness

question

Which of the following is not one of the traits found to have a genetic component in studies of identical twins?

answer

antagonism

question

The five-factor model trait dimensions have been shown to have ___.

answer

about a 50 percent rate of heritability across cultures

question

Which of the following countries would be most likely to have an individualistic trait, according to Hofstede?

answer

England

question

Which of the following methods would NEVER be used by a behaviorist?

answer

protective test

question

Which method of personality assessment offers the most objective measurement?

answer

personality inventory

question

Observer bias would be a problem for any of the following methods except ___.

answer

personality inventory

question

Which of the following is the definition of personality?

answer

the unique way an individual thinks, feels, and acts

question

Freud's emphasis on sex and sexual development was mostly due to ___.

answer

the culture within which he and his patients existed at the time

question

Which of Freud's parts of th personality is the most like short-term memory?

answer

conscious

question

Stephen wants a new MP3 player he saw in the local electronics store, but he doesn't have enough money to pay for it. Which structure of Stephen's personality would urge him to take the player while no one in the store was looking?

answer

id

question

Which structure of the personality, according to Freud, works on the reality principle?

answer

ego

question

The ___ develops in the ___ stage as a result of identification.

answer

superego; phallic

question

Three-year old Brandon has watched his father, a chef, when he prepares meals for the family. This year, Brandon has asked for a play kitchen for his birthday. Freud would say that Brandon is beginning the process of ___ as a way of resolving his Oedipal conflict.

answer

identification

question

According to Adler, middle children tend to be ___.

answer

competitive

question

Research has begun to show some support for which of Freud's concepts?

answer

the concept of an unconscious mind

question

To explain a person's personality, behaviorists would look to ___.

answer

the early experiences of rewards and punishments for certain behavior

question

For Bandura, one of the most important person variables in determining personality is ___.

answer

self-efficacy

question

Unlike the psychodynamic view, the social cognitive view of personality ___.

answer

has been scientifically tested

question

The striving for fulfillment of one's potential is called ___.

answer

self-actualization

question

According to Rogers, anxiety and neurotic behavior result from ___.

answer

a mismatch between the real self and ideal self

question

Which of the following viewpoints has different goals from the other three?

answer

trait theory

question

How many source traits did Cattell use in developing his personality inventory?

answer

16

question

The five-factor model of personality traits includes all but which of the following?

answer

self-sufficiency

question

Dr. Phillips is constantly late for his classes and often shows up late for his office hours, leaving students waiting in the hallway outside his door for nearly an hour at times. Using the five-factor model, which dimension would show a very low score for Dr. Phillips?

answer

conscientiousness

question

The study of the inherited portions of personality is called ___

answer

behavioral genetics

question

According to Hofstede, cultures that have many strict rules and laws with lots of security and safety measures and that tend to hold only one philosophical or religious belief are high in ___.

answer

uncertainty avoidance

question

If a client is having trouble talking about what is bothering him, a psychoanalyst might turn to a(n) ___ to probe the client's unconscious conflicts.

answer

projective test

question

The Rorschach test has people ___.

answer

look at ambiguous visual stimuli and tell what they think it is

question

Which type of assessment would have the least problem with reliability?

answer

personality inventory

question

Which of the following is not a type of behavioral assessment?

answer

Thematic Apperception Test

question

Which of the following is based on the five-factor model?

answer

NEO-PI

Psych Ch 11 and 13

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