question

Feel miserable, humilated, empty, lose sense of humor and pleasure, sometimes display anhedonia

answer

Emotional Symptoms

question

Lose desire to pursue their usual activities

answer

Motivational Symptoms

question

Less and less productive and stay in bed for long periods of time

answer

Behavioral Symptoms

question

Hold extremely negative views of themselves, consider themselves inadequate, blame themselves for everything

answer

Cognitive Symptoms

question

May experience physical pain such as headaches, dizziness, constipation, eat less, sleep less

answer

Physical Symptoms

question

People who experience a major depressive episode without any history of mania

answer

Major Depressive Disorder

question

People who experience a longer lasting (at lease 2 years) but less disabling pattern of unipolar depression

answer

Dysthymic Disorder

question

Average duration of untreated major depressive episode

answer

8 months

question

Follows clear cut stressful events

answer

Reactive (exogenous) Depression

question

Response to internal factors

answer

Endogenous Depression

question

One year prevelance of Major Depression

answer

6.9%

question

Lifetime prevelance of Major Depression

answer

17%

question

What regionare most likely to be bothered by physical symptoms

answer

Non-Western

question

What region is most likely bothered by cognitive symptoms

answer

Western

question

Who has more depression

answer

Women

question

Explanations for gender inequality in depression

answer

hormones, body dissatisfaction,Rumination

question

Brain circuits implicated in unipolar depression

answer

prefrontal cortex, hippocampus,amygdala, Brodmann area

question

What neurotransmitters are connected to depression

answer

norepinephrine, serotonin

question

What body system is related to depression

answer

Endocrine

question

People with depression have been found to have high levels of...

answer

Cortisol

question

Hormones associated with depression

answer

Cortisol,Melatonin

question

What is the "Dracula Hormone"

answer

Melatonin

question

Slow the bodies production of the enzyme monoamine oxidase

answer

MAO inhibitors

question

act on neurotransmitter uptake mechanisms, Contain three ring molecular structure, intended for schizophrenia

answer

Tricyclics

question

Increase serotonin activity

answer

increase serotonin without effecting other neurotransmitters

question

Strict warnings on antidepresant meds, could increase suicidal thoughts

answer

Black Box Warnings

question

Two electrodes attached to the head and electricity is passed through the head

answer

Electroconvulsive Therapy

question

A coil sends a current to the prefrontal cortex

answer

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

question

What model believes depression comes from significant rewards and punishments people receive in their lives

answer

Behavioral

question

A _____ would treat depression by helping the patient build more desirable patterns of reinforcement

answer

Behaviorist

question

People view events as beyond their control and ask themselves why this is so

answer

Attribution-Helplessness Theory

question

What is the cognitive traid

answer

people view their, experiences,themselves,their futures in negative ways

question

Bipolar is more common in

answer

Both genders

question

Symptoms of mania

answer

opposite of depression

question

Full manic and major depressive episodes

answer

Bipolar I

question

Have hypomanic episodes

answer

Bipolar II

question

When a person experiences numerous hypomanic symptoms and mild depressive symptoms

answer

Cyclothymic Disorder

question

One year prevalence of bipolar

answer

2%

question

Biological causes for bipolar

answer

genetics,neurotransmitters,ion activity, brain structure

question

Treatments for bipolar

answer

lithium, and mood stablizers

question

Unsuccessful attempts at suicide

answer

parasuicide

question

Intentional effort to takes ones life

answer

Suicide

question

Death in which the victim plays an indirect, hidden,partial or unconscious role

answer

Sub intentional Death

question

Clearly intend to end their lives at the time they attempt suicide

answer

Death Seekers

question

Attempt to commit suicide and believe death is already happening and believe they are just hastening the process

answer

Death Initiators

question

Do not believe their self inflicted death will be the end of their existance

answer

Death Ignorers

question

Have mixed feelings about intent to die

answer

Death Darers

question

How is Suicide Studied

answer

retrospective analysis (psychological autopsy)

question

What race commits most suicide

answer

American Indian

question

What gender attempts most suicide

answer

Women

question

What gender is more successful with suicide

answer

Men

question

Stressful situation linked to stress

answer

abusive environment,serious illness,occupational stress,Social isolation

question

Thinking of suicidal people

answer

hopelessness,either or thinking (dichotomous thinking)

question

What percent of people drink before suicide

answer

70%

question

Disorder linked to suicide

answer

schizophrenia, alcoholism,depression

question

Factors influening contagion effect

answer

family, friends,celebrities,other cases, and co workers

question

Who is especially prone to contagion effect

answer

Teenagers

question

repeated use of substance, may be come tolerant to the drug, withdrawal reactions

answer

Substance Abuse

question

One year prevalence of substance abuse

answer

8.9%

question

The use of two or more substances at a time

answer

Polysubstance use

question

Tolerance a person gains for a substance as a result of regularly using another substance similar to it

answer

Cross Tolerance

question

Increase of effects that occurs when more than one substance is in the body

answer

Synergistic effect

question

A drug has the opposite effect of something in the body

answer

Antagonistic actions

question

This theory says that people are most likely to develop substance abuse problems when they live under stressful socioeconomic conditions

answer

Sociocultural

question

What is the reward center of the brain

answer

Release of dopamine

question

Biological factors leading to substance abuse

answer

genetics, biochemical,GABA endorphins, dopamine

question

Percentage of adults with psychological disorder that also have substance abuse problems

answer

22%

question

Classical conditioning is substance abuse

answer

Cues/Objects linked to withdrawl/substance use

question

Unpleasant stimulus is paired with the drug

answer

Aversion Therapy

question

Programs offered in the public

answer

Community Prevention

question

AA would be a

answer

Self Help

question

Given methadone instead of heroin which is safer

answer

Drug Maintenance Therapy

question

Drugs that block or change effects of the drug

answer

Antagonist Drugs

question

Systematically and Medically supervised withdrawal from the substance

answer

Detoxification

question

Leading cognitive behavioral therapy is

answer

Relapse Prevention Training

question

Goal of the therapy is for the patient to gain control over their substance abuse

answer

Relapse Prevention training

question

Incentives for people to stay clean

answer

Contingency Management

question

More than ________ percent of patients with bipolar disorder improve through the use of mood stabilizing agents.

answer

60

question

This area, located just under the part of the brain called the cingulate cortex, tends to be smaller in depressed people than nondepressed people.

answer

Brodmann Area 25

question

People who take __________________ may experience a dangerous rise in blood presure if they eat foods containing the chemical tyramine.

answer

MAO

question

Low activity of these two neurotransmitters has been strongly linked to unipolar depression.

answer

serotonin and norepinephrine

question

This was a watershed medication for bipolar disorder when it was approved by the FDA in 1970.

answer

Lithium

question

Studies find that ________________ percent of ECT patients improve.

answer

60-80

question

According to DSM-5, a major depressive episode is a period marked by at least ________________ symptoms of depression and lasts for __________ weeks or more.

answer

5,2

question

He believes that feelings of helplessness are at the center of depression.

answer

Seligman

question

The "baby blues" are so common that as many as _____________ percent of women experience them.

answer

80

question

It has been estimated that between ______________ percent of people who suffer from severe depressino commit suicide.

answer

6 and 15

question

Around ______________ percent of all adults experience an episode of severe unipolar depression at some point in their lives.

answer

19

question

Several imaging studies have found lower activity and blood flow in the ____________ cortex of depressed research participants.

answer

Prefrontal

question

Women are ___________ as likely as men to experience episodes of severe unipolar depression.

answer

twice

question

Evelyn presents with depressive symptoms that have not remitted for the last two years. Her symptoms are not that disabling and she is able to handles a few aspects of her life. Her likely diagnosis is:

answer

dysthymic

question

This theory holds that women and men are equally prone to depression but that clinicians often fail to detect depression in men.

answer

artifact

question

The symptoms of this milder form of bipolar disorder continue for two or more years, interrupted occasionaly by normal moods that may last for only days or weeks.

answer

Cyclothymic

question

People who experience a recurrence of depression each winter may secrete more __________________ during the winter's long nights than other individuals do.

answer

melatonin

question

When an identical twin had unipolar depression, there was a ______________ percent chance that the other twin would have the same disorder, according to one study.

answer

46

question

Research suggests that as many as 70 percent of all suicide victims had been experiencing:

answer

depression

question

The number of teenagers who attempt to kill themselves far outnumber those who actually succeed in ending their lives. In fact, it is estimated that for every completed teen suicide, there are as many as _______ attempts.

answer

200

question

Research indicates that ______________ therapy may be of the most help for suicidal individuals.

answer

cognitive

question

Men commit suicide with far greater frequency than women, although women attempt to kill themselves quite a bit more frequently than men. One reaons for this involves the methods the different genders chose for committing suicide, with men relying on violent means such as the use of firearms with greater frequency. Annually, around ____________% of all male suicides involve the use of a gun, as compared to only _________% of female suicides.

answer

65,40

question

Low levels of serotonin have been found in the brains of those who commit suicide. This neurotransmitter deficiency has been found to be linked to all but which of the following effects which may contribute to suicidal behaviors?

answer

Increase of hallucinations

question

The rate of ____________ suicides has been rising more than that of any age group in recent years, a trend that is not full understood.

answer

Middle Age

question

Pamela tends to see the world in either/or terms and frequently uses the word "only". Cognitive theorists would describe this as a(n) _________________ thinking pattern.

answer

Dichotmous

question

Cocaine appears to produce its effects largely by increasing the supply of the neurotransmitter ___________________ at key neurons throughout the brain.

answer

Dopamine

question

In studies investigating the presence of a genetic predisposition to substance dependence, it was found that if one identical twin abuses alcohol, the other twin will also abuse alcohol in __________ percent of cases.

answer

54

question

Biological research into the cause of substance-related disorders has found an abnormal form of the so-called dopamine-2 (D2) _____________ gene in a majority of research participants who suffered from addictions.

answer

Receptor

question

Of those who receive treatment for substance use disorders, the highest numbers receive treatment in/at:

answer

self help

question

Studies have suggested that as many as ___________ percent of those who use one illegal drug are also using another illegal drug to some extent.

answer

90

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