question

Probably the most reliable safeguard against Internet threats to children is _____

answer

parental supervision

question

It may be easier to detect the presence of a psychological disorder in an adult than in a child. This is primarily because _______.

answer

children and adults express symptoms differently

question

jeremy's parents control everything he eats. He is never allowed any foods containing sugar and seldom has to make his own food choices. Jeremy will likely __________.

answer

make poor food choices later on because he has no internal controls to regulate his food intake

question

Oksana's mother is concerned about her daughter's weight. She takes Oksana to her pediatrician and finds that she weighs more than 20 percent above the average weight for her age and height and is considered to be ________

answer

obese

question

The most frequent injury to children is ________

answer

auto accidents

question

A special need that involves the loss of hearing or some aspect of hearing is known as a(n) ________ impairment.

answer

auditory

question

Behavior therapy is one method used to treat ADHD. Parents and teachers learn techniques that use ________ to improve behavior.

answer

rewards

question

Girls tend to be taller than boys during the ________ years

answer

middle childhood

question

Although every child has different capabilities, children with ________ differ significantly in physical attributes or learning abilities.

answer

special needs

question

is characterized by inattention, impulsiveness, low tolerance for frustration, and large amounts of inappropriate activity

answer

ADHD

question

Kelly is proud to show her mom her practice paper for cursive writing. Cursive writing is an example of a ________ skill.

answer

fine motor

question

Safety issues are a common concern during middle childhood. Why are such issues suddenly more prevalent?

answer

Children of this age are seeking more independence.

question

When an individual cycles back and forth between two extreme emotional states, it may be classified as ________

answer

bipolar disorder

question

Which of the following treatments is NOT typically used for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder?

answer

sedative drugs

question

The most common speech impairment is ________.

answer

stuttering

question

According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, girls and boys should engage in the same sports and activities until puberty. At that point, they should participate separately because ________.

answer

the smaller size of females make them more susceptible to injury in contact sports

question

Studies have found that one out of every ________ children and adolescents has/have a psychological disorder that produces some type of impairment.

answer

5

question

A visual acuity ranking of less than 20/70 after correction is termed ________.

answer

partial sightedness

question

One important improvement in gross motor skills during middle childhood is in ________.

answer

muscle coordination

question

What is occurring in the brain during middle childhood that promotes the development of fine motor skills?

answer

The amount of myelin increases which raises the speed at which electrical impulses travel between neurons.

question

A(n) ________ impairment is a difficulty that may include blindness or partial sightedness.

answer

visual

question

Which of the following is a negative aspect associated with treating children with antidepressant drugs?

answer

Little is known about the correct dosage.

question

________ is a grasp of the processes that underlie memory.

answer

Metamemory

question

The rules that govern how words and phrases can be combined to form sentences are known as ________.

answer

syntax

question

The capacity to understand the world and think rationally while using resources when faced with challenges is known as _________.

answer

intelligence

question

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, during the middle childhood years, thinking moves to the ________ stage.

answer

concrete operational

question

The ________ has two separate portions that make it easier to identify specific problems a test-taker may have.

answer

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fourth Edition,

question

________ students often have greater metalinguistic awareness, understand the rules of language more explicitly, and show great cognitive sophistication than their peers without this skill.

answer

Bilingual

question

Jackie uses the reciprocal teaching method in her classroom. Which of the following would NOT be a method used in this teaching practice?

answer

Reading a passage thoroughly from beginning to end

question

When dealing with students for whom English is not the native language, the traditional "melting-pot" technique immerses them in classes taught in English while providing a crash course in the English language. What is a major drawback to this approach?

answer

The students fall further and further behind their peers.

question

________ is the process by which information is recorded, stored, and retrieved.

answer

memory

question

Which of the following is a limitation of reading skills in Stage 3, compared to later stages?

answer

Children are able to comprehend information only when it is presented from a single perspective.

question

Most second grade students learn that sometimes they are not the ones miscommunicating; miscommunication may be due to the person communicating with them as well. This realization is an example of ________.

answer

metalinguistic awareness

question

Children in the concrete operational stage can use cognitive and logical processes and can consider multiple aspects of a situation when encountering problems, an ability known as __________.

answer

decentering

question

________ intellectual disability is intellectual disability in which IQ scores range from around 35 or 40 to 50 or 55.

answer

moderate

question

Carol uses Vygotsky's approach in her classroom. Which of the following would you expect to see her students doing?

answer

Working in cooperative groups

question

Charlie had fallen asleep during class when the teacher said that 5 + 6 = 11 so when he saw the question on the test, he did not know the answer. What phase of memory did Charlie miss during his nap?

answer

encoding

question

________ allows gifted students to move ahead at their own pace even if this leads to the skipping of a grade level.

answer

acceleration

question

The _________ aspect of the triarchic theory of intelligence is most strongly related to scores on a traditional intelligence test.

answer

componential

question

The typical intelligence level found for people at a given chronological age is called the ________ age.

answer

mental

question

Individuals who are classified with mild intellectual disability can reach up to a ________-grade level of education.

answer

6

question

In which of the following situations would it be a good idea to use the keyword strategy to aid in memorization?

answer

Memorizing all the states and their capitals

question

Bernadette is in the concrete operational stage of development. She would say that when liquid is poured from one container into another, ___________.

answer

the amount of liquid stays the same

question

If a student was asked to group a series of letters according to some criterion or to remember a set of numbers, that student would have to use ________ intelligence to comply with the request.

answer

fluid

question

Tyler is in Stage 4 of the reading process. He is most likely going into ________.

answer

high school

question

During middle childhood, a child's behavior is controlled jointly by the parents and the child. This is known as ________.

answer

coregulation

question

When a remarriage results in children from both families coming to live together, it is called a ________ family.

answer

blended

question

The way group members evaluate another person is known as that person's ________.

answer

status

question

Erikson labeled the middle childhood years as the ________ stage.

answer

industry-versus-inferiority

question

According to Carol Gilligan, girls are more likely to view morality in terms of ________.

answer

responsibility

question

In the early childhood years, children tend to view children who they ________ as their friends.

answer

spend the most time with

question

Which of the following is NOT an accurate statement regarding group homes in today's society?

answer

group homes are self-funded

question

Kevin starts middle school in the fall. Research shows that his self-esteem is likely to ________.

answer

decline

question

In the textbook, the story is told of the man so desperate to find medicine for his wife that he is considering stealing it. If a person operating at the conventional level of morality was asked what the husband would do, the response would be that he would:

answer

consider how society will view his actions

question

In the third grade, Dominick never liked it when another boy who he felt was "below" him in status told him he wasn't playing fair or wasn't good at a sport. When this happened, he would behave assertively towards that boy. In the dominance hierarchy, this style of play is known as ________.

answer

restrictive

question

in stage 2 of William Damon's stages of friendship, the most important aspect of the relationship is ________.

answer

trust

question

An individual who invokes universal moral principles that are considered broader than the rules of his or her particular society would be described as using ________ morality.

answer

postconventional

question

Whenever Nicole has a playdate, she insists on only playing games that she chooses. Which stage of Gilligan's moral development does this demonstrate?

answer

orientation toward individual survival

question

A student with low self-esteem is facing a big test. What is a probable consequence of her low self-esteem?

answer

she expects to do poorly, so she will not bother to study

question

Popular children are high in ________; they are better at reading nonverbal behavior and control their own nonverbal behavior effectively.

answer

social competence

question

Evan is able to help his friends solve conflicts by introducing ideas that please everyone involved. Evan has achieved the concept of ___________.

answer

social problem-solving

question

Which of the following statements demonstrates how a child might reflect his or her self-esteem?

answer

everyone thinks i am a nerd

question

One of the challenges for children in a blended family is role ambiguity. In this situation, ________.

answer

roles and expectations are unclear

question

Linda thinks of herself as a good piano player, but not such a great cook. This is a demonstration of her ________.

answer

self-concept

question

The theory that moral reasoning develops in a sequence of stages was proposed by ________.

answer

Kohlberg

question

The LEAST likely reason for single parenthood is ________.

answer

the death of a spouse

question

The clearest difference for children with same-sex parents compared to opposite sex parents is ________.

answer

the possibility of discrimination and prejudice

question

The current view of a self-care child is that the child will most likely experience ________.

answer

an opportunity to develop autonomy

question

The collection of social skills that allows individuals to perform successfully in social settings is known as social ________.

answer

competence

question

According to Damon, friendships in Stage 3 differ from friendships in Stages 1 and 2 in that children in Stage 3 __________.

answer

seek friends who will be loyal

question

Which of the following is NOT a typical friendship pattern for a girl?

answer

girls want their point of preview to previal

question

Of the following, which ethnic group demonstrates a growth in self-esteem around age 11?

answer

black

question

Some research has shown a link between ADHD and a child's diet, particularly in terms of __________.

answer

fatty acids

question

Blindness is visual acuity below ________ after correction.

answer

20/200

question

In terms of weight gain in middle childhood, studies show that _________.

answer

both boys and girls gain about the same

question

If an individual believes that stealing might be acceptable if he is following his own conscience and doing the right thing, then that person is operating at Piaget's stage of __________.

answer

formal operations

question

Enrichment programs in schools are geared toward those students considered ________.

answer

gifted and talented

question

Taylor knows that her lump of clay can be rolled into a ball, then squished to become a long, thin rope, and then clumped back into the original lump. this demonstrates the ideal of ____ in the cognitive process

answer

reversibility

question

While the term mental retardation was used for many years, today it is called __________.

answer

intellectual disability

question

a difficulty in seeing that may include blindness or partial sightedness

answer

visual impairment

question

a special need that involves the loss of hearing or some aspect of hearing

answer

auditory impairment

question

speech that deviates so much from the speech of others that it calls attention to itself, interferes with communication, or produces maladjustment in the speaker

answer

speech impairment

question

substantial disruption in the rhythm and fluency of speech; the most common speech impairment

answer

stuttering

question

difficulties in the acquisition and use of listening, speaking, reading, writing, reasoning, or mathematical abilities

answer

learning disabilities

question

a learning disorder marked by inattention, impulsiveness, a low tolerance for frustration, and generally a great deal of inappropriate activity

answer

ADHD

question

the period of cognitive development between 7 and 12 years of age, which is characterized by the active and appropriate, use of logic

answer

concrete operational stage

question

the ability to take multiple aspects of a situation into account

answer

decentering

question

the understanding about the processes that underlie memory, which emerges and improves during middle childhood

answer

metamemory

question

an understanding of one's own use of language

answer

metalinguistic awareness

question

the use of more than one language

answer

bilingualism

question

the model in which the goal was to assimilate individual cultural identities into a unique, unified American culture

answer

cultural assimilation model

question

the concept that American society is made up of diverse, coequal cultural groups that should preserve their individual cultural features

answer

pluralistic society model

question

maintaining one's original cultural identity while integrating oneself into the dominant culture

answer

bicultural

question

a form of education in which the goal is to help minority students develop confidence in the culture of the majority group while maintaining positive group identities that build on their original cultures

answer

multicultural education

question

the actual age of the child taking the intelligence test

answer

chronological (physical) age

question

a score that accounts for a student's mental and chronological age

answer

intelligence quotient (IQ)

question

a test that consists of a series of items that vary according to the age of the person being tested

answer

Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales 5th edition (SB5)

question

a test for children that provides separate measures of verbal and performance (or nonverbal) skills, as well as a total score

answer

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for children, 4th edition

question

An intelligence test that measures children's ability to integrate different stimuli simultaneously and to use sequential thinking

answer

Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, 2nd edition

question

intelligence that reflects information processing capabilities, reasoning and memory

answer

fluid intelligence

question

the accumulation of information, skills, and strategies that people have learned through experience and that they can apply in problem-solving situations

answer

crystalized intelligence

question

sternberg's theory that intelligence is made up of 3 major components; componential, experiential, and contextual

answer

triarchic theory of intelligence

question

the setting that is most similar to that of children without special needs

answer

least restrictive environment

question

an educational approach in which exceptional children are integrated to the extent possible into the traditional educational system and are provided with a broad range of educational alternatives

answer

mainstreaming

question

a disability characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior, which covers many everyday social and practical skills

answer

intellectual disability

question

intellectual disability in which IQ scores fall in the range of 50 or 55 to 70

answer

mild intellectual disability

question

intellectual disability in which IQ scores range from 20 or 25- 35 or 40

answer

sever intellectual disability

question

intellectual disability in which IQ scores fall below 20 or 25

answer

profound intellectual disability

question

children who show evidence of high performance capability in areas such as intellectual, creative, artistic, leadership capacity, or specific academic fields

answer

gifted and talented

question

an approach through which students are kept at grade level but are enrolled in special programs and given individual activities to allow greater depth of study on a given topic

answer

enrichment

question

according to Erikson, the period from age 6-12 characterized by a focus on efforts to attain competence in meeting the challenges presented by parents, peers, school, and the other complexities of the modern world

answer

industry-versus-inferiority stage

question

an individual's overall and specific positive and negative self-evaluation

answer

self-esteem

question

the collection of social skills that permit individuals to perform successfully in social settings

answer

social competence

question

the use of strategies for solving conflicts in ways that are satisfactory both to oneself and to others

answer

social problem-solving

question

rankings that represent the relative social power of those in a group

answer

dominance hierarchy

question

a period in which parents and children jointly control children's behavior

answer

coregulation

question

children who let themselves into their homes after school and wait alone until their caretakers return from work; previously known as latchkey children

answer

self-care children

question

remarried couples who have at least one stepchild living with them

answer

blended families

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