Psych 4321 Abnormal psychology Test 2 – Flashcards
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A significant drawback of the use of medication for PTSD is
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There is still some doubt about the extent of it's effectiveness
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According to the text, a factor that does not make one stressor more serious than another includes
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cause significant disruption to a person's functioning
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Although divorce is now far more acceptable than it was in previous years, why do those going through divorce still find it extremly stressful?
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Economic uncertanties are difficult to predict.
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Cortisol
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Prepares the body for fight or flight
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Distress is
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a response to a negative event.
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Work-related stress can evaluate risk of coronary heart disease by which key factors?
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a highly demanding job and little decision-making control
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Which was not an effective treatment for stress-related disorders, according to your text?
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psychoanalysis
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Which of the following will lower a soldier's risk of developing PTSD?
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believing strongly in the roles of combat
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Why should we study the causal factors in PTSD, since we already know traumatic events cause it?
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Because not everyone who is exposed to a trauma develops PTSD
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Which of the following would be an example of prolonged exposure?
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Mandy visited the accident site
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What is type D personality type?
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The "distressed" type
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What is not a key factor in making a stressor more serious?
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it's type or category.
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What is a symptom of hypertension?
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A person may show no symptom of it
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The life event and difficulty schedule
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allows raters to consider different circumstances around the same stressor
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The development of new methods of coping
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may be an outcome of a crisis
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The field of psychoneuroimmunology
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examines the effects of stressors on the immune system
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Selye
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recognized both happy and sad life events can be sources of stress
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Short-term crisis therapy
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beginswith the assumption that the affected individuals was functioning well before the current crisis
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Stress slows the healing of wounds by as much as __to__ percent
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24;40
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For an adjustment disorder, the symptoms must appear within _____ months of the stressor?
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Three
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"Repeted stimulation of the limbic system by discharges by the locus coeruleus may lowwer the threshold for later experiences of anxiety. Then, through learning, controlled by the prefrontal cortex, the person activly avoids fearful situations." This quotation most clearly refers to the biological proccesses involved in?
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Panic order with agoraphobia
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According to the behavioral viewpoint, compulsions are repeated because
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They serve to reduce anxiety
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According to the psychoanalytic view, what m akes generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) different from specific phobias
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Defense mechanisms are not functioning in GAD
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Agorophobia is best described as the fear of
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Experiencing a panic attack
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Agorophobics are highly likely to have all of the following EXCEPT
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Neurotic personality disorder
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High levels of anxiety sensitivity
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Predict the development of spontaneous panic attacks
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Most first panic attacks
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Follow some distressing event
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Most individuals diagnosed with social phobia
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Can identify the origin of their social phobia
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Which of the following is true of obsessive-compulsive disorder?
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This disorder tends to begin in adolescence or earlt adulthood
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Which of the following is one of the five primary types of compulsive acts seen in individuals with OCD?
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Cleaning
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_____ was once thought to be a fear of crowded places, but now is seen as a complication of having panic attacks in public
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Agoraphobia
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Why do people with phobias continue to avoid the thing they fear?
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Avoidance is referenced by anxiety/ reduction
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Why do many people with panic disorder continue to believe they are having a heart attack despite the fact that they have never had one?
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They tend to engage in "saftey behaviors" that they believe are the reason the catastrophe didn't happen
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While in treatment for panic disorder, Leroy is asked to engage in behaviors that activate the sympathetic nervous system. In other words, Leroy is engaging in behaviors that produce the physical sensation of fear what type of treatment does this activity describe?
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Interoceptive exposure
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Which of the following seems to be the best treatment for phobias?
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Exposure therapy
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Which of the following is a typical symptom of panic attacks?
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Fear of dying
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Which of the following is a true statement about Mowrer's two-process theory of avoidance learning?
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it has not been helpful in explaining why people with OCD develop obsessions in the first place and why some people never develop compulsive behaviors
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The nes DSM classification, which omits the concept of neurosis, is an improvement because
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Diagnostic criteria are now based on shared, observable symptoms and are more clearly defined.
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Thought-action fusion is
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the belief that thinking about something is as bad as actually doing it.
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Virtual reality enviromements
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allow exposure to be conducted in a simulated setting
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A hypomanic episode is best described as a
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Mild manic episode
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A person who shows psychotic depression that involves mood-congruent thinking
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Has a poorer prognosis than others with major depression.
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A rapid return of symptoms immediately after drug treatment is terminated is a common example of ____; a return to depressive symptoms after a period of spontaneous remission of symptoms is called a ____
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Relapse; Recurrence
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A recurrent depressive episode
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Is preceded by one or more previous episodes
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Childhood suicide
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Is one of the top ten causes of death for children in the united states
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Childhood depression
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Is more likely in children with depressed parents
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Carleen come to therapy because she is feeling sad. Carleen says she has had periods of extreme sadness in the past and they typically last between 6 and 8 months. During those times she overeats, has trouble sleeping, feels exhausted all the time, and thinks a lot about dying. At other times, however, Carleen says she feels wonderful. During those times which last about a week, she gets a lot done, feels as if she could do anything, talks a lot and quickly, doesnt sleep, but doesn't feel tired. Carleen says he "up" times are great and have never caused her any trouble. Carleen's most likely diagnosis is
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Bipolar II
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Brittany came to a therapist complaining that she doesn't enjoy life lately. She says for the last couple of months, she finds she just doesn't feel like doing the things that she used to love to do. She has liost a lot of weight and sleeps much more than usual but still feels tired all the time. She says she just can't conentrate on anything. However, she denies feeling sad. Brittany's most likely diagnosis is
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Major depressive disorder
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Which of the following is the type of attribution that is most likely to cause depression?
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I am never going to make it through this course because I am stupid and I just can't learn the material.
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Which of the following is true about the monamine hypothesis of depression?
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Much of this theory has been put into question because there is a lack of replaceable research.
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Which of the following is necessary for a diagnosis of cyclothymia?
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Clinically significant distress or impairment
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Which of the following is necessary for a clinical diagnosis of bipolar I disorder?
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The occurance of at least one manic episode
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What do all mood orders have in common
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They are characterized by emotional extremes.
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What is meant by the phrase " double depression"?
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An individual with dysthymia later develops major depressive disorder as well.
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Which of the following is an example of a COGNITIVE diathesis for depression?
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Attributing negative events to internal causes.
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Which of the following is an example of arbitrary inference?
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She looked at me funny. She hates me.
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The director of a city health department wants to know who is most likely to complete suicide in her city. The group with the highest risk is
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Elderly men with chronic physical illnesses.
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The effictiveness of lithium in bipolar disorder
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Supports the role of dopamine in mania
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The fact that bright light might be an effective treatment for seasonal affective disorder suggests that
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This form of depression is produced by a malfuntioning biological clock that needs resetting.
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The finding that people with one type of seratonin transporter gene and childhood maltreatmenthad higher rates of depression than either those without the gene or those with the gene without maltreatment suggests that
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Both a gene and certain enviromental factors need to be present to cause depression.
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According to sociocognitive theory
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Disassociative Identity Disorder may develop when a suggestive patient is treated by an overzealous clinician
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According to the revisions made by the DSM-5, most people previously diagnosed with ____ will be diagnosed with complex somatic symptom disorder
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Hypochondriasis
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After learning of her father's death, Sophia felt dazed and confused but still retained her sense of self. When speaking of her response to the news, she said she felt like she was in a movie watching the events happening to her. Despite this strange feeling, she understood what was happening and did the things she needed to do. What can be said of Sophia's response to her father's death?
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She experienced an istance of derealization
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Alan fell off a ladder at work and claims he is in intense back pain, even though medical tests find nothing wrong. He does not like to talk about it and keeps quite other than his report to his attorney. Caleb fell off a ladder at work and claims he hurt his back too even though medical tests find nothing wrong. He talks about it all the time in great detail. Which diagnosis would seem to fit each man.
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Malingering in Alan and conversion disorder in Caleb
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All of the following are associated with Disassociated Identity Disorder except
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Psychosis
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Dysfunctional assumptions about symptoms and diseases are a componet of a cognitive-behavioral explanation of
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Hypercondriasis
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Disassociative Identity Disorder was formerly known as
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Multiple personality disorder
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Dissociation
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Is extremly common and not necessarily pathological
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Dan's various medical complaints and hospital stays finally led him to a psychiatrist. After a thorough medical and psychilogical evaluation, the 28 year old teacher and father of two was diagnosed with both depression and somatization disorder. What is atypical about this case summary?
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Somatization disorder is seen much more common in women.
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Which of the following summarizes the posttraumatic theory for the origin of Disassociative Identity Disorder
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Children deal with severe abuse by creating alters who provide an "escape"
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Which of the following is tru of opposite sex alters in Disassociative Identity Disorder
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They are quite common
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Which of the following is the most suggestive of Disassociative Identity Disorder
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Kyla could not recall where she had been or what she had done all day.
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Which of the following is most commonly true of the host identity in Disassociative Identity Disorder
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It's not the original identity
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When a person experiences dissociative amnesia, one main type of memory is usually affected. Which?
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Episodic memory ( the events we have experienced)
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What would be most helpful to a person with pain disorder?
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Staying physically active despite the pain
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What is one reason why the prevalence of Disassociative Identity Disorder has been increasing?
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It may be that the prevalence of Disassociative Identity Disorder has not changed at all, but that clinicians may unknowingly encourage the emergence of new identities.
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What is psuedoseizure?
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A seizure that resembles an epileptic seizure but is different.
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Why has the term "multiple personality disorder" been replaced with "Disassociative Identity Disorder"?
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Fully developed personalities are not present in Disassociative Identity Disorder, just varying expressions of different aspects of the patient's personality.
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Jeremy suffers from dissociative amnesia. He probably
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Had trouble remembering information stored before a traumatic incident.
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Jill did not remember the accident happening or her graduation a couple of months ago. What form of memory loss is this characteristic of?
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Episodic
