Psych 342 Speedback 5 – Flashcards

One of the problems of using a withdrawal design as part of a single-case experiment is the: a. impossibility of removing the treatment equally for the treatment and control subjects b. difficulty of measuring changes that are associated with removal of a treatment c. ethical issue of removing treatment that appears to be helping the patient d. confounding factor of the placebo effect when the treatment is removed

The function of replication in research is to: a. better define independent and dependent variables b. rule out coincidence c. enhance the external validity of the study d. improve the research design

Placebos are used in experiments to: a. control for the expectations of some research participants that they will improve just because they are in a research study b. help determine whether an independent variable actually causes a statistically significant change in a dependent variable c. control for the variability of individuals who tend to volunteer for research studies d. make certain that the treatment and control group are randomly selected

Which type of study can help identify the location of specific genes associated with psychopathology? a. genetic linkage analysis b. adoption study c. twin analysis d. family study This type of study only clarifies the amount of genetic contribution, not with genes.

In well-designed research studies, medications that enhance serotonin functioning have been found to help patients recover from episodes of depression. Given the realities of the patient uniformity myth, it would be a mistake to conclude that: a. all depressed patients will be helped by these medications b.most depressed patients will be helped substantially by these medications c. medication can be an appropriate treatment for a psychological disorder d. research can help us determine which treatments should be used for specific disorders

The dependent variable in a research study is the variable that: a. forms the most important component of the hypothesis b. is expected to influence or change the variable being studied-- That is the description of the independent variable. c. explains the empirical result of the study d. is expected to be changed or influenced in the study

Analog research models: a. are conducted outside of the laboratory b. create laboratory conditions that are comparable to the phenomenon under study c. generally utilize case studies to maximize similarity to the phenomenon under study d. are correlational

As described in your text, Brown and Finn (1982) found that attitudes regarding alcohol were somewhat different for 12-year-olds, 15-year-olds, and 17-year-olds. All measures were taken during the same year from children of different ages. This type of research is an example of the research method called: a. cross-sectional b. case-study c. longitudinal. d. experimental

Combining the monozygotic and adoption studies, researchers often study monozygotic twins raised in different families. Using this method, similarities in behaviors, traits, and psychological disorders between monozygotic twins raised apart helps researchers determine: a. the effects of genes b. the effects of adoption on a child's psychological functioning c. whether it is detrimental to separate twins at birth d. the exact causes of mental illness

One important difference between a typical case study and the single-case experiment is that during the single-case experiment, behavior is generally: a. observed in the natural environment b. controlled by the experimenter c. measured more than once d. manipulated

Statistical significance determines whether an observed difference between a treatment and control group is likely due to: a. random assignment b. chance c. external validity d. confounds

Of the following, researchers use _____ to attempt to control for the phenomenon called the "allegiance effect" which occurs when experimenter bias influences research outcomes. a. placebo pills b. epidemiological studies c. double-blind control d. correlation studies

The more time one spends exercising, the less one generally weighs. The correlation between time on a treadmill each month and overall body weight would represent a(n): a. negative correlation b. positive correlation c. zero correlation d. causal correlation

According to the requirements of "informed consent," research participants in a blind, placebo-controlled study will be told: a. that they may or may not receive an active treatment b. only that they are participants in a research study and that they can quit at any time. c. that they will not receive active treatment until the research study is over d. if they are in the placebo group or the treatment group

One significant limitation of the cross-sectional design is called the "cohort effect." This relates to the fact that: a. experience is confounded with participation in the study b. genetics and experience are confounded c. reliable statistics cannot be computed for cohort groups d. age is confounded with experience

The basis of an experiment is: a. manipulation of an independent variable b. manipulation of a dependent variable c. in depth fact gathering regarding many variables d. examining the relationship between an independent and a dependent variable

While studying the impact of nutrition on intelligence, a researcher has one group of rats on a vitamin-rich diet while the other rat group eats Big Macs. While observing the rats run a complicated maze, the researcher notes that the vitamin-enhanced rats' maze is more brightly lit than the Big Mac rats' maze. The difference in lighting in this study is a(n): a. dependent variable b. confound c. independent variable d. hypothesis

The purpose of random assignment is to make sure that: a. everyone in each group is exactly the same on the dependent variable b. each research participant spends an equal amount of time in the treatment and control groups c. everyone in each group is exactly the same on the independent variable d. each research participant has an equal chance of being in the treatment or control group

In cross-cultural research, the independent or treatment variable is generally the: a. method used to treat the disorder b. culture c. disorder d. success of the treatment

At this point, the human genome project has been successful in producing: a. a rough draft of the mapping of all human genes b. a complete listing of each human gene and its function c. little, if any, success in mapping the structure and location of human genes d. some success in mapping the structure of human genes, but little success in mapping gene locations