question

The study of abnormal behavior from birth to death is known as

answer

This term refers to the changes of behavior over time, not specifically abnormal behavior.

question

In Rescorla's experiment on classical conditioning,

answer

dogs only experienced conditioning if the relationship between the meat powder and tone was meaningful.

question

Studying behavior across cultures can reveal much about

answer

Experimental research would help clarify whether relationships between variables are due to causation or correlation. (See pages 107 & 108)

question

A woman has always disliked clowns. However, she has very few encounters with them. When she does, she feels uncomfortable. She makes no effort to approach them, but she also makes no effort to avoid them. Which of the following best applies to this woman?

answer

This woman does not show the generalized worry and fear that is characteristic of GAD. (See page 135)

question

Why is body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) classified as a somatoform disorder?

answer

BDD does not tend to co-occur with other somatoform disorders. (See page 178)

question

In addition to cognitive techniques, Beck, Jacobson, and Rehm used what kinds of techniques for treating depression?

answer

These cognitive therapists also used behavioral techniques. (See page 231)

question

Chronic pain is predicted by all of the following factors EXCEPT

answer

a. low social support and anxiety. **b. having to work despite the pain.** c. poor coping skills and depression. d. possible compensation resulting from a disability claim.

question

Penelope routinely gets out of bed at night, makes her way to the kitchen, and eats the leftovers from dinner while still asleep. This is known as

answer

Sleep walking is involved with this, but the correct response is nocturnal-eating syndrome. (See page 322)

question

What is the most likely explanation why men tend to masturbate more frequently than women?

answer

Women are more likely to associate sex with intimacy and romance. The correct response is that masturbation is more convenient for men. (See page 333)

question

The primary neurotransmitter affected by cocaine is _______, whereas the primary neurotransmitter affected by nicotine is _______.

answer

Cocaine affects dopamine, and nicotine affects acetylcholine. (See pages 382 & 384)

question

Why are people with paranoid personality disorder particularly difficult to treat?

answer

They have difficulty developing a trusting relationship with the therapist.

question

Which of the following family communication styles is NOT associated with increased risk of relapse among people with schizophrenia?

answer

a. hostility **b. underinvolvement** c. intrusiveness d. criticism

question

What did Massie et al.'s study of Catholic nuns show?

answer

Low "idea density" is associated with Alzheimer's.

question

What was the Supreme Court's decision in Medina v. California?

answer

. In decisions of competence to stand trial, an important ruling placed responsibility on the defendant to provide the burden of proof—in this case, that she is incompetent to stand trial

question

Movement, breathing, and sleeping depend on this ancient part of the brain, which is present in most animals.

answer

brain-stem

question

Which neurotransmitter binds to neuron receptor sites, inhibiting postsynaptic activity and reducing overall arousal?

answer

GABA

question

Which neurotransmitter is a switch that turns on various brain circuits?

answer

dopamine

question

Which neurotransmitter seems to be involved in emergency reactions or alarm responses?

answer

norepinephrine

question

According to recent research, the percentage of people age 18 to 29 who have already experienced major depression is _____ percent.

answer

25

question

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the treatment of specific phobias? - Structured exposure-based exercises are no longer considered necessary. -Individuals with "blood" phobias must learn to relax their muscles to keep their blood pressure high enough to prevent fainting. -Exposure-based exercises actually change brain functioning. - Avoiding a phobic situation weakens the phobic response.

answer

Exposure-based exercises actually change brain functioning.

question

Panic control treatment was developed by the textbook authors. concentrates on exposing the patients to the cluster of physical sensations that remind them of their panic attacks. involves creating mini attacks in the therapist's office. all of these

answer

All of these

question

Which of the following procedures is NOT part of Barlow's panic control treatment (PCT)? Cognitive therapy to modify conscious or unconscious perceptions about the "dangerousness" of feared situations Creation of mini panic attacks in the therapist's office Exercises to elevate the heart rate or spinning to make the patient dizzy Reducing agoraphobic avoidance by exposure to feared situations

answer

Creation of mini panic attacks in the therapist's office

question

During a dissociative fugue state, it is not uncommon for individuals to

answer

see the world as a strange and foreign place.

question

While driving alone in her car, Sarah suddenly looks around and, for a moment, can't remember where she is, how she arrived at this point on the road, or even why she is driving her car. Sarah is experiencing derealization. depersonalization. the early stages of what will eventually become a severe psychotic disorder. symptoms of a mood disorder.

answer

depersonalization

question

Which of the following statements is FALSE about dissociative identity disorder? Once established, the disorder lasts a lifetime without treatment. For prevalence rates, the ratio of females to males is approximately 9 to 1. The frequency of switching increases with age. The form that the disorder takes does not differ substantially over the lifespan.

answer

The frequency of switching increases with age.

question

In dissociative identity disorder, the "host" personality is usually the one that

answer

asks for treatment and becomes the patient.

question

A(n) ________ is one of a group of disorders involving severe and enduring disturbances in emotionality ranging from elation to severe depression. depressive disorders dissociative disorders mood disorder bipolar disorder

answer

mood disorder

question

Clinical studies have shown that the favorable response rate for patients taking antidepressant medications is ______ percent.

answer

50

question

The treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome developed by Michael Sharpe includes all of the following EXCEPT medication. increased activity. regulated rest periods. breathing exercises.

answer

medication

question

In biofeedback procedures, clinicians use physiological monitoring equipment to make the responses ________ to the patient. visible audible visible and/or audible tactile

answer

visible and/or audible

question

What is the name of the new field of study that reflects the shift in focus from infectious disease to psychological/behavioral factors as causes of illness and death? Behavioral medicine Abnormal psychology Medical psychology Physical medicine

answer

Behavioral medicine

question

As many as ____ percent of anorexia nervosa deaths are due to suicide. 5 10 25 30

answer

30

question

The families of patients with anorexia nervosa are typically characterized by all of the following EXCEPT open communication. high achievement. perfectionism. concern with external appearances.

answer

open communication.

question

The sex therapy technique designed specifically to treat premature ejaculation is the squeeze technique. sensate focus. nondemand pleasuring. cognitive restructuring.

answer

the squeeze technique

question

According to the text, researchers estimate what percentage of individuals in addiction treatment centers has an additional psychiatric disorder? 25 50 75 99

answer

75

question

Which of the following is the definition of sedative? Sleep-inducing Anxiety-reducing Antiseizure Calming

answer

Calming

question

Individuals who have "ideas of reference" but who sense that these beliefs are probably unrealistic are generally diagnosed with ________ personality disorder. schizotypal paranoid antisocial histrionic

answer

schizotypal

question

Personality disorders as a group are distinct and therefore placed on a separate axis,

answer

Axis II.

question

___________ refers to a condition where people with personality disorders are diagnosed with other disorders.

answer

comorbidity

question

Personality disorders are described as________because unlike many disorders, they originate in childhood and continue throughout adulthood.

answer

chronic

question

The DSM-IV-TR criteria for brief psychotic disorder indicate that the duration of the disturbance must be less than one week. one month. six months. one year.

answer

one month

question

The familial communication style called expressed emotion, sometimes used to predict relapse rates in patients with schizophrenia, includes all of the following EXCEPT overinvolvement. criticism. emotional distance. hostility.

answer

emotional distance

question

Alternate immobility and excited agitation typify the type of schizophrenia known as disorganized. paranoid. catatonic. residual.

answer

catatonic.

question

Manuella would respond coolly when her daughter embraced her, but when the child tried to pull away Manuella would say, "Don't you love me anymore?" This is an example of a schizophrenogenic mother. double-bind communication. expressed emotion. none of the above

answer

double-bind communication

question

The inattention symptom of ADHD is characterized by careless mistakes. fidgeting. not waiting one's turn to answer questions. all of the above

answer

careless mistakes.

question

Induced vomiting was a 17th century treatment for depression. As described in Anatomy of Melancholy (1621), this could be accomplished in part by eating raw meat. ice. coal. tobacco.

answer

tobacco.

question

Which well-known behavioral scientist was the author of The Behavior of Organisms (1938) and Walden Two (1948)? John Watson Ivan Pavlov B.F. Skinner Edward L. Thorndike

answer

B.F. Skinner

question

In the diathesis-stress model, "diathesis" refers to an inherited disorder. conditions in the environment that can trigger a disorder depending upon how severe the stressors are. an inherited tendency or condition that makes a person susceptible to developing a disorder. the inheritance of multiple disorders.

answer

an inherited tendency or condition that makes a person susceptible to developing a disorder.

question

The synaptic cleft is the area between the soma of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron. axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron. axon of one neuron and the soma of another neuron. somas of two neurons.

answer

axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron.

question

John has inherited a personality trait that makes him more likely to keep to himself than to socialize. As a result, he does not have many friends and spends a lot of time alone. If John were to develop depression, the model that would probably best explain this situation and the cause of his depression is the ________ model diathesis-stress biological reciprocal gene-environment interpersonal

answer

reciprocal gene-environment

question

The principle that a behavior or disorder may have several causes (e.g., delusions can be a result of amphetamine abuse or of schizophrenia) is equifinality. psychopathology. pathogenesis. orthogonal causation.

answer

equifinality.

question

Using the multiaxial system of DSM-IV-TR, disorders such as major depressive episodes, anxiety disorders, and learning disorders are coded on Axis I. Axis II. Axis III. Axis IV.

answer

Axis IV

question

A researcher is testing the effects of sunlight on depression. The dependent variable is sunlight. the assumption that light affects mood. the research design. depression.

answer

depression.

question

A researcher is testing the effects of sunlight on depression. The independent variable is sunlight. depression. the assumption that light affects mood. the research design.

answer

sunlight.

question

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the treatment of specific phobias? Structured exposure-based exercises are no longer considered necessary. Individuals with "blood" phobias must learn to relax their muscles to keep their blood pressure high enough to prevent fainting. Exposure-based exercises actually change brain functioning. Avoiding a phobic situation weakens the phobic response.

answer

Exposure-based exercises actually change brain functioning.

question

Actions, or sometimes thoughts, that an individual with OCD uses to reduce anxiety are called operants. fixations. habits. rituals.

answer

rituals.

question

The experience of dissociation occurs in psychotic disorders only. individuals with dissociative disorders only. only in those individuals who have experienced great personal trauma. certain psychological disorders but also in non-disordered people at times.

answer

certain psychological disorders but also in non-disordered people at times.

question

The dimensional approach to diagnosis is characterized by

answer

a quantification of patients' experiences using scales measuring several areas, such as anxiety or depression.

question

The fourth edition, text revision, of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) was published in 1985. 1990. 1994. 2000.

answer

2000

question

The principle that a behavior or disorder may have several causes (e.g., delusions can be a result of amphetamine abuse or of schizophrenia) is equifinality. psychopathology. pathogenesis. orthogonal causation.

answer

equifinality.

question

Learned helplessness is demonstrated in laboratory animals by creating aversive stimuli (such as electrical shocks to the foot) that the animal can control. creating aversive stimuli (such as electrical shocks to the foot) that the animal cannot control. creating pleasant stimuli (such as a food pellet) that the animal cannot control. creating pleasant stimuli (such as a food pellet) that the animal can control.

answer

creating aversive stimuli (such as electrical shocks to the foot) that the animal cannot control.

question

The systematic development of a scientific approach to psychopathology is represented by humanistic psychology. psychoanalysis. Jungian psychology. the behavioral model.

answer

the behavioral model.

question

Delirium, dementia, and amnestic disorder typically develop from complications of birth. as part of the normal aging process. in late adulthood. as temporary conditions.

answer

in late adulthood.

question

The negative symptom of schizophrenia called alogia is defined as inability to initiate and persist in activities. inability to experience pleasure. lack of emotional response, blank facial expression. lack of speech content and/or slowed speech response.

answer

lack of speech content and/or slowed speech response.

question

The negative symptom of schizophrenia called avolition is defined as inability to initiate and persist in activities. inability to experience pleasure. lack of emotional response, blank facial expression. lack of speech content and/or slowed speech response.

answer

inability to initiate and persist in activities.

question

The characteristic features of personality disorders tend to develop with rapid onset in late adolescence. gradual onset in adulthood. rapid onset in adulthood. onset in childhood that is difficult to pinpoint.

answer

onset in childhood that is difficult to pinpoint.

question

Which of the following is the most likely model to explain the cause of borderline personality disorder? Biological Early trauma resulting in posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms that are not recognized or dealt with during childhood Stressful life events Biological predisposition interacting with life events such as childhood trauma and later life stressors

answer

Biological predisposition interacting with life events such as childhood trauma and later life stressors

question

An individual who goes through life as a loner with no motivation to interact with others but with relatively normal behavior and beliefs is likely to be diagnosed with ________ personality disorder. histrionic narcissistic schizoid paranoid

answer

schizoid

question

In a large survey among college-aged men and women, it was found that about 75 percent of the respondents said that they had gone on a binge of heavy drinking once in the preceding two weeks. there was no relationship between frequency of drinking and grades. students with a grade-point average of "A" had no more than one drink per week. "D" and "F" students averaged 11 alcoholic drinks per week.

answer

"D" and "F" students averaged 11 alcoholic drinks per week.

question

Substances that distort sensory experiences, feelings, and perceptions are known as opiates. hallucinogens. "roofies." "benzos."

answer

hallucinogens.

question

A person who is physiologically dependent on a drug will experience tolerance to the effects of the drug. withdrawal symptoms if the drug is withdrawn. both a and b neither a nor b

answer

both a and b

question

The integrative model of the causes of sleep disorders suggests that most individuals develop sleep disorders as a result of the interaction between biological and lifestyle factors. learning and family stress. genetics and bedtime habits. learning and cognition.

answer

biological and lifestyle factors

question

Currently, some of the major contributing factors to illness and death in the United States are viral and bacterial. behavioral and psychological. neurological and endocrinological. pharmacological and hormonal.

answer

behavioral and psychological.

question

Research findings have suggested that it might not be the stressful event itself that affects immune system functioning but rather the accompanying dissociation. isolation. depression. anger.

answer

depression.

question

Considering the terms used to differentiate mood disorders, cyclothymic is to dysthymic as bipolar is to major depressive. manic is to hypomanic. major depressive is to bipolar. Bipolar I is to Bipolar II.

answer

bipolar is to major depressive.

question

In terms of seriousness, body dysmorphic disorder is very serious, with a significant suicide rate. very serious because it generally leads to bipolar disorder. very serious because patients usually become schizophrenic. not very serious because it only involves patient perceptions.

answer

very serious, with a significant suicide rate.

question

The model of the etiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder in the text suggests that in order for an individual to develop OCD, ________ must be present. biological vulnerability psychological vulnerability both biological and psychological vulnerabilities neither biological nor psychological vulnerabilities

answer

both biological and psychological vulnerabilities

question

The alarm reaction to danger that is triggered by anxiety primarily involves the ________ nervous system. autonomic parasympathetic peripheral somatic

answer

autonomic

question

What happens when people with OCD attempt to neutralize or suppress disturbing, intrusive thoughts? The obsessive thoughts disappear The frequency of the obsessive thoughts increases Other kinds of obsessive thinking start to occur This strategy has no effect on the obsessive thoughts

answer

The frequency of the obsessive thoughts increases

question

All of the following are characteristics common to specific phobias EXCEPT strong and persistent anxiety related to a specific object or situation. significant attempts by the anxious individual to avoid the phobic situation. recognition by the person with the phobia that the anxiety is excessive or unreasonable. autonomic nervous system. decreased arousal of the autonomic nervous system

answer

decreased arousal of the autonomic nervous system

question

An alter is an identity created by someone with dissociative identity disorder. a new identity created by someone with dissociative fugue. a new identity created by someone with generalized amnesia. all of the above

answer

an identity created by someone with dissociative identity disorder.

question

Since heart disease is the number one cause of death in the United States, it is very important, in terms of prevention, to determine if better medications can be found to treat heart disease. changes in behavior, lifestyle, and attitude can prevent heart attacks. psychotherapy can help people adjust to having an artificial heart. heart transplants can be made available to more patients.

answer

changes in behavior, lifestyle, and attitude can prevent heart attacks.

question

"AIDS, a disease of the immune system, is directly affected by stress. Stress may then promote the deadly progression of the disease." This is an example of psychological factors influencing biological processes. biological factors influencing psychological processes. both of these neither of these

answer

psychological factors influencing biological processes.

question

Misuse of the benzodiazepine ________ has resulted in it being referred to as the "date rape drug." Amytal Halcion Rohypnol Ritalin

answer

Rohypnol

question

Which of the following is the definition of anticonvulsant? Sleep-inducing Anxiety-reducing Antiseizure Calming

answer

Antiseizure

question

Callie has been diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder. This means that in addition to schizophrenic symptoms, she also has symptoms of an anxiety disorder. a mood disorder. a split personality. obsessive-compulsive disorder.

answer

a mood disorder.

question

Which of the following is most likely to occur in the paranoid type of schizophrenia? Disorganized speech Poor prognosis when compared to the other subtypes of schizophrenia Limited cognitive skills and flat affect Hallucinations and thematic or systematized delusions

answer

Hallucinations and thematic or systematized delusions

question

It is estimated that ________ children in the United States are being treated for ADHD with stimulant medications. 1 million 2 to 3 million 20 million 50 million

answer

2 to 3 million

question

One of the hallmarks of the experimental method that makes it different from a correlational study is that in an experiment, we observe what happens in the natural world. the researcher is unaware of the independent variable. a variable is manipulated in a way that would not have occurred naturally. there are multiple control groups.

answer

a variable is manipulated in a way that would not have occurred naturally.

question

The more time one spends exercising, the less one generally weighs. The correlation between time on a treadmill each month and overall body weight would represent a positive correlation. zero correlation. negative correlation. causal correlation.

answer

negative correlation

question

The setting for posttraumatic stress disorder to occur follows an experience accompanied by a triad of feelings, including all of the following EXCEPT horror. paranoia. helplessness. fear.

answer

paranoia.

question

Actions, or sometimes thoughts, that an individual with OCD uses to reduce anxiety are called operants. fixations. habits. rituals.

answer

rituals

question

According to the textbook, the experience of fear can be described as a(n) immediate alarm reaction to danger. type of claustrophobia. neurotic response. culturally specific phenomenon.

answer

immediate alarm reaction to danger.

question

The disorder that involves loss of physical functioning without any physical cause is called conversion disorder. hypochondriasis. somatization disorder. body dysmorphic disorder.

answer

conversion disorder.

question

The experience of dissociation occurs in psychotic disorders only. individuals with dissociative disorders only. only in those individuals who have experienced great personal trauma. certain psychological disorders but also in non-disordered people at times.

answer

certain psychological disorders but also in non-disordered people at times.

question

AIDS is now treated with new combinations of drugs called "highly active antiretroviral therapy" (HAART), which suppress the virus in people who are HIV positive. cure AIDS by eliminating the virus from the body. suppress immune system functioning. are well tolerated and cause minimal side effects.

answer

suppress the virus in people who are HIV positive.

question

Of the following, the correct pairing is dyssomnia - sleepwalking. dyssomnia - a sleep disturbance. parasomnia - waking up after three or four hours of sleep and then being unable to fall back to sleep. parasomnia - lack of REM sleep.

answer

dyssomnia - a sleep disturbance.

question

One intriguing result from the studies comparing cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy (IPT) for bulimia nervosa is the finding that IPT is more effective in the short term, but CBT is more effective when we look at how well patients are doing one year following treatment. IPT and CBT appear to be indistinguishable in terms of their effectiveness in the short and long term, despite their very different approaches. IPT is always more effective than CBT. CBT is more effective in the short term, but IPT patients "catch up" and will do as well as CBT patients one year after treatment.

answer

CBT is more effective in the short term, but IPT patients "catch up" and will do as well as CBT patients one year after treatment.

question

Which of the following is the definition of anxiolytic? Sleep-inducing Anxiety-reducing Antiseizure Calming

answer

Anxiety-reducing

question

Research using brain imaging techniques has localized auditory hallucinations in the part of the brain called Wernicke's area. Broca's area. the occipital lobe. the limbic system.

answer

Broca's area.

question

Of the following, the most accurate statement with regard to the genetic influences of ADHD is that there are no known genetic influences. there appears to be a single gene influence. there appear to be multiple genetic influences. defects on the Y chromosome are the major influence.

answer

there appear to be multiple genetic influences.

question

Many factors that determine whether genes are "turned on" are in the environment in the form of social influences. parental influences. cultural influences. social and cultural influences.

answer

social and cultural influences.

question

Panic control treatment was developed by the textbook authors. concentrates on exposing the patients to the cluster of physical sensations that remind them of their panic attacks. involves creating mini attacks in the therapist's office. all of these

answer

all of these

question

Recent research by Barlow (2002) and others indicates that vulnerability to anxiety disorders is related to one's sense of control over environmental events. the number of unexpected occurrences in one's life. the number of siblings in one's family. genetic or biological factors only.

answer

one's sense of control over environmental events.

question

During a dissociative fugue state, it is not uncommon for individuals to commit suicide. see the world as a strange and foreign place. take on a new identity. contact friends and family.

answer

take on a new identity.

question

A(n) ________ is one of a group of disorders involving severe and enduring disturbances in emotionality ranging from elation to severe depression. depressive disorders dissociative disorders mood disorder bipolar disorder

answer

mood disorder

question

According to the text, researchers estimate what percentage of individuals in addiction treatment centers has an additional psychiatric disorder? 25 50 75 99

answer

75

question

Individuals who have "ideas of reference" but who sense that these beliefs are probably unrealistic are generally diagnosed with ________ personality disorder. schizotypal paranoid antisocial histrionic

answer

schizotypal

question

The DSM-IV-TR criteria for brief psychotic disorder indicate that the duration of the disturbance must be less than one week. one month. six months. one year.

answer

one month.

question

Manuella would respond coolly when her daughter embraced her, but when the child tried to pull away Manuella would say, "Don't you love me anymore?" This is an example of a schizophrenogenic mother. double-bind communication. expressed emotion. none of the above

answer

double-bind communication.

question

Treatment for learning disorders generally involves stimulant medication. educational remediation. family therapy. cognitive-behavioral therapy.

answer

educational remediation.

question

In the diathesis-stress model, "diathesis" refers to an inherited disorder. conditions in the environment that can trigger a disorder depending upon how severe the stressors are. an inherited tendency or condition that makes a person susceptible to developing a disorder. the inheritance of multiple disorders.

answer

an inherited tendency or condition that makes a person susceptible to developing a disorder.

question

The synaptic cleft is the area between the soma of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron. axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron. axon of one neuron and the soma of another neuron. somas of two neurons.

answer

axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron.

question

A researcher is testing the effects of sunlight on depression. The independent variable is sunlight. depression. the assumption that light affects mood. the research design.

answer

sunlight.

question

Plastic surgery for body dysmorphic patients generally results in little, if any, patient satisfaction. an improved self-image. substantial relief from the current concern, but with new concerns arising over time. somatization or conversion reactions.

answer

little, if any, patient satisfaction.

question

Dissociative identity disorder is most commonly found in females. males. children. elderly.

answer

females.

question

Steve steals money from his friends and family, lies to get what he wants, and often hurts others with no sign of guilt or remorse. Steve should probably be diagnosed with ________ personality disorder. paranoid histrionic antisocial narcissistic

answer

antisocial

question

Which of the following is the most likely model to explain the cause of borderline personality disorder? Biological Early trauma resulting in posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms that are not recognized or dealt with during childhood Stressful life events Biological predisposition interacting with life events such as childhood trauma and later life stressors

answer

Biological predisposition interacting with life events such as childhood trauma and later life stressors

question

Callie has been diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder. This means that in addition to schizophrenic symptoms, she also has symptoms of an anxiety disorder. a mood disorder. a split personality. obsessive-compulsive disorder.

answer

a mood disorder.

question

If an individual is diagnosed as psychotic, it usually means that the person has hallucinations. delusions. both of these neither of these

answer

both of these

question

The neuroleptic drugs introduced in the 1950s affect primarily the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, which include all of the following EXCEPT hallucinations. delusions. social deficits. agitation.

answer

social deficits.

question

A criticism of the research by Lovaas (1987) has questioned the lack of replicating the findings. the expense and time for the treatment. the nature of the experimental groups. the numerous confounds in the study.

answer

the expense and time for the treatment.

question

The three classes of cognitive disorders are delirium, dementia, and amnestic disorder. delirium, dementia, and Alzheimer's. Alzheimer's, delirium, and amnestic disorder. Alzheimer's, organic disorder, and amnestic disorder.

answer

delirium, dementia, and amnestic disorder.

question

The most recent estimates of the contribution of genetics to the development of personality characteristics such as shyness or activity level are approximately __________ percent. 10 - 20 30 - 50 75 - 85 zero.

answer

30 - 50

question

In the diathesis-stress model, "stress" refers to life events, in combination with an inherited tendency, that trigger a disorder. inherited tendencies, in combination with life events, that trigger a disorder. defective genes. exposure to very unusual and extreme environmental conditions.

answer

life events, in combination with an inherited tendency, that trigger a disorder.

question

A researcher is testing the effects of sunlight on depression. The dependent variable is sunlight. the assumption that light affects mood. the research design. depression.

answer

depression.

question

The common feature in almost every case of dissociative identity disorder is hallucinations and delusions. unrelenting substance abuse. a history of body dysmorphic disorder. a history of severe child abuse.

answer

a history of severe child abuse

question

Common Axis I disorders include

answer

depression, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, ADHD, autism spectrum disorders, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and schizophrenia

question

Axis II

answer

Personality disorders and mental retardation

question

Common Axis III disorders include

answer

General medical condition; acute medical conditions and physical disorders

question

Axis IV:

answer

Psychosocial and environmental factors contributing to the disorder

question

Axis V

answer

Global Assessment of Functioning or Children's Global Assessment Scale for children and teens under the age of 18

question

One aspect of the DSM-IV-TR criteria for diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder is patient awareness of the distinct personalities. existence of three or more personality fragments. amnesia. history of abuse.

answer

existence of three or more personality fragments.

question

Which of the following statements is false? a. Many behavioral and cognitive changes accompany depression. b. Someone suffering from depression will set better only with therapy or medication. c. Compared with men, women are nearly twice as vulnerable to depression. d. Stressful events related to work, marriage, and close relationships often precede depression. e. With each new generation, depression is striking earlier and affecting more people.

answer

b. Someone suffering from depression will set better only with therapy or medication.

question

The risk of major depression and bipolar disorder dramatically increases if you a. Have suffered a debilitating injury b. Have an adoptive parent that has the disorder c. Have a parent or sibling with the disorder d. Have a life-threatening illness e. Have above-average intelligence

answer

c. Have a parent or sibling with the disorder

question

What do mental health workers call patterns of thoughts, feelings, or behaviors that are deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional? a. Interactions of nature and nurture b. Physiological states c. Genetic predispositions d. Psychological factors e. Psychological disorders

answer

e. Psychological disorders

question

Adolescent mood swings are often misdiagnosed as a. Schizophrenia b. A phobia c. Depression d. Bipolar disorder e. Anxiety

answer

d. Bipolar disorder

question

Jack has experienced recurrent episodes of major depressive episodes. In the intervals between the episodes, he does not seem to return to "normal." In fact, during those periods, he has been diagnosed as dysthymic. Jack's condition is referred to as double depression. bipolar disorder. atypical depression. dysfunctional dysthymia.

answer

double depression.

question

Which of the following is the definition of hypnotic? Sleep-inducing Anxiety-reducing Antiseizure Calming

answer

Sleep-inducing

question

Which of the following does NOT apply to the disorganized subtype of schizophrenia? Fragmented delusions and hallucinations Inappropriate or flat affect Frequent remissions and improvement of symptoms Self-absorption and mirror gazing

answer

Frequent remissions and improvement of symptoms

question

In terms of the level of support that will be necessary for a child with autism, which factor is used as a predictor to determine the prognosis? Age of onset Severity of initial symptoms Rate of symptom progression IQ

answer

Age of onset

question

Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding mood disorders? An individual experiencing manic symptoms can also be depressed or anxious. Unipolar mania is more common than unipolar depression. An individual who has experienced only manic episodes in the past is unlikely to ever become depressed. Neither manic nor depressive symptoms remit on their own without treatment.

answer

An individual experiencing manic symptoms can also be depressed or anxious.

question

The hypothesized connections between somatization disorder and antisocial personality disorder are poor modeling by parents and other authority figures. sibling rivalry and attention deficits. pleasure seeking and impulsivity. genetic defects and poor nutrition.

answer

pleasure seeking and impulsivity.

question

According to your textbook, there are at least three ways of developing a phobia. Which is NOT one of these ways? Experiencing a panic attack in a specific situation Having a nightmare about a feared situation Observing someone else experience severe fear In certain conditions, being told about danger

answer

Having a nightmare about a feared situation

question

On which axis of DSM-IV-TR are personality disorders coded? I II III IV

answer

Axis II

question

Using the multiaxial system of DSM-IV-TR, disorders such as major depressive episodes, anxiety disorders, and learning disorders are coded on Axis I. Axis II. Axis III. Axis IV.

answer

Axis I.

question

The compulsions that an individual with OCD uses to suppress disastrous consequences or ward off intrusive thoughts can be either behavioral or mental. positive or negative. biological or psychological. autonomic or somatic.

answer

behavioral or mental.

question

Recent research by Barlow (2002) and others indicates that vulnerability to anxiety disorders is related to one's sense of control over environmental events. the number of unexpected occurrences in one's life. the number of siblings in one's family. genetic or biological factors only.

answer

one's sense of control over environmental events.

question

All of the following have been implicated in the development and maintenance of hypochondriasis EXCEPT the additional attention one receives when sick. a specific hypochondriac gene. the high incidence of disease in the family during the hypochondriac's childhood. learning to worry from family members overly concerned with health.

answer

a specific hypochondriac gene.

question

Which of the following would be typical for a patient suffering from a conversion disorder? Ability to avoid walking into things even though the patient reports being unable to see anything Ability to see some bright objects when calm but suffering complete loss of sight during a stressful period or emergency Great concern with the loss of function and belief that it is a symptom of a potentially fatal disease Ability to identify everything in the visual field even though the patient reports blindness

answer

Ability to avoid walking into things even though the patient reports being unable to see anything

question

The main reason why dissociative identity disorder patients tend to have many additional psychological disorders is that the number of personalities increases the number of disorders. the severe trauma of childhood leads to many problems in later life. they seek attention. they are substance abusers.

answer

the severe trauma of childhood leads to many problems in later life.

question

At the beginning of the 20th century, the leading cause of death in the U.S. was automobile accidents. infectious diseases. heart attacks. suicides.

answer

infectious diseases.

question

The antidepressant medications known as imipramine (Tofranil) and amitriptyline (Elavil) are included in the class of drugs called SSRIs. tricyclics. MAO inhibitors. tranquilizers.

answer

tricyclics.

question

The basis of an experiment is manipulation of a dependent variable. examining the degree to which the dependent variable causes the independent variable. manipulation of an independent variable. in-depth fact gathering regarding many variables.

answer

manipulation of an independent variable

question

Ataque de nervios is:

answer

a syndrome resembling panic disorder that typically follows a severe stressor and is seen in Puerto Rico and many Latin American countries.

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