psych 3 – Flashcard
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Moving from general statements to a specific conclusion is
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deductive
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The basic mechanism of cognitive heuristics
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is the overuse of salient information
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If information is not diagnostic, then one should use _____ in deciding in an object belongs to a class.
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the base rate
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John believes guns should be freely available. He is asked to re-evaluate his position. He should consult ___ gun control literature; he will probably consult ____ gun control literature____________
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pro; anti
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"Asparagus helps tables." This sentence has ______ but not _____
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syntax; semantics
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Charles Spearman believed
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the most important thing to measure is general intelligence
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Hierarchical intelligence tests
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make it clear what the test maker's operational definition of intelligence is
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IQ =
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(MA / CA) × 100
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Intelligence is a construct. Constructs can be
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deduced
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In the Rosenthal & Jacobson study in which academic blooming was predicted, the fact that the kids ______ bloom shows the _____.
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did; malleability of intelligence at young ages
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As the example of hierarchy of needs showed, if you are hanging by your fingers from the roof of a tall building, nothing is more important than hanging on
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False
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Wilson & Nisbett's pantyhose study showed that consumers
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were externally influenced
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The overjustification effect shows that
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rewards can decrease intrinsic interest
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About ____% of the population is asexual
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1
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Meston & Ross found that men and women _____ on their top 25 reasons for having sex.
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overlapped to a great degree
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The bogus pipeline study showed that ________ change their reports of sexual behaviors to appear socially acceptable.
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women more than men
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In an approach avoidance conflict, as one gets closer to the goal, the avoidance gradient becomes _____approach gradient
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stronger than the
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Emotions are voluntary passions
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False
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Let's be practical - to get someone to like you
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induce him or her to label being around you as arousing
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In the 1970s David Spiegel showed that group psychotherapy increased survival time for women with metastatic breast cancer. In the replication he conducted in the 1990s he
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failed to find the same effect
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Eva had difficulty recognizing that a sea horse was a fish because it did not closely resemble her fish
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prototype.
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Because she believes that boys are naughtier than girls, Mrs. Zumpano, a second-grade teacher, watches boys more closely than she watches girls for any signs of misbehavior. Mrs. Zumpano's surveillance strategy best illustrates
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confirmation bias.
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Stockbrokers often believe that their own expertise will enable them to select stocks that will outperform the market average. This belief best illustrates
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overconfidence.
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In the words helped and called, the "ed" ending is a(n)
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morpheme.
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A stroke may impair the ability to speak distinctly without harming the ability to read because different language functions depend on different
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neural networks.
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Introductory psychology students performed best on a midterm psychology test if they had previously spent five minutes a day visualizing themselves
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studying effectively.
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An important aspect of social intelligence is called
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emotional intelligence.
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Aptitude tests are to ________ as achievement tests are to ________.
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future performance; current competence
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Psychologists would calculate the relationship between intelligence test scores and school grades in order to assess the ________ of the intelligence test.
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predictive validity
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The similarity between the intelligence test scores of identical twins raised apart is
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greater than that between ordinary siblings reared together.
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On average, the intelligence test scores of the Dingbats are much higher than those of the Dodos. The difference in the average test scores of the two groups might be a product of
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genetic and environmental differences between the two groups.
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Performance-impairing anxiety is most closely associated with
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stereotype threat.
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Motivation is defined by psychologists as
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a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior toward a goal.
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Victims of a famine will often eat unappetizing and nutritionally poor foods simply to relieve their constant hunger. Their behavior is best explained in terms of
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drive-reduction theory.
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Jeff, who is 14, engages in rigorous tennis drills or competitive play at least four hours every day because he wants to master the sport and play on one of the best university teams in the country. His goal and behavior best illustrate the concept of
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achievement motivation.
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People become obsessed with water when thirsty and obsessed with food when hungry. This illustrates that activated motives
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dominate consciousness.
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A dieter whose weight falls below his or her set point is likely to experience a(n)
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increase in hunger and a decrease in metabolic rate.
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The body weights of adopted children are ________ with the weights of their adoptive parents and ________ with the weights of their biological parents.
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uncorrelated; positively correlated
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The basic components of emotion are
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expressive behaviors, physiological arousal, and conscious experience.
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Noticing that his heart was pounding and that his palms were sweaty while he was taking a difficult test, Harley concluded that he was "anxious." Noticing that his heart was pounding and that his palms were sweaty when an attractive lady asked him to dance, Harley concluded that he was "falling in love." The differing emotions experienced by Harley can best be explained by
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the two-factor theory.
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Without any conscious effort, your ________ prepares you to fight or flee from dangerous situations.
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autonomic nervous system
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Maureen is an introvert, who prefers staying in and reading a good book. Her friend Paula is an extravert, who would much rather spend her time partying. In terms of their ability to recognize facial expressions of emotion and express emotions,
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Maureen is better at recognition and Paula is more expressive.
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The fact that people from widely different cultures display and interpret facial expressions of emotion in a similar manner best illustrates the impact of
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human genetic similarities.
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Repeatedly saying the word "me" puts people in a better mood than repeatedly saying "you." This best illustrates
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the facial feedback effect.
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Research on stressful life events indicates that
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those who have been recently widowed, fired, or divorced are more vulnerable to disease.
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Which of the following BEST explains why stress heightens vulnerability to bacterial and viral infections?
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Stress suppresses the release of lymphocytes.
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Bernard is an ambitious, highly competitive corporate lawyer who recently had a heart attack. He tends to be impatient and a perfectionist, and he gets angry over little things. Research suggests that Bernard's susceptibility to heart attacks may be most closely linked to his
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anger.
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British civil service workers in executive positions live longer than those in clerical positions. This best illustrates the value of
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perceived control.
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During the first few weeks of law school, students were observed to have stronger immune systems if they
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were optimistic.
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Haley's parents bought her a used bicycle for her birthday. She was thrilled until she learned that her best friend received a brand new bicycle for her birthday. Haley's declining satisfaction illustrates
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relative deprivation.
