Psych 222 Chapter 1 – Flashcards

When we look closely at the reactions of people to the same situation, we see a) evidence that most people behave in typical ways b) that people are more alike than they are different c) each individual's personality is overwhelmed by the demands of the situation d) that characteristic differences between people begin to emerge

Which of the following statement describes the study of personality? a) Personality psychologists are interested in how people react to different situations. b) Personality psychologists now recognize that early explanations of personality, such as Freud's psychoanalytic theory, are incorrect. c) Personality psychologists are interested in consistent behavior patterns and intrapersonal processes originating within the individual. d) Personality psychologists are interested in the consistent behavior patterns caused either by something about the person or by placing the person in the same situation.

Which of the following questions would a personality psychologist ask? a) Why types of people are prone to depression? b) Why are some people always in a positive mood? c) How can job satisfaction in employees be predicted? d) all of these.

When personality researchers use the term individual differences they are referring to a) the different behavior patterns individuals display across time. b) the interpersonal processes that originate within the individual. c) the consistent behavior patterns individuals display across situations. d) fluctuations in behavior patterns for individual situations.

Consistent patterns of behavior that people display in many different situations are a) very difficult to identify. b) often called individual differences by personality psychologists. c) predictive of personality traits. d) likely to be found in depressed personalities.

Although Sally is well behaved and polite at home, she can be really mean to the other children at school. Psychologists who adhere to the trait approach to personality would say Sally's behavior a) can be identified along a continuum of personality characteristics. b) is the result of unconscious mental activity. c) results from conditioning and expectations. d) is a reaction to changing feelings of self-acceptance.

A psychologist explains a woman's fear of snakes in terms of her unconscious fear of her father. This psychologist is using which approach to personality? a) psychoanalytic b) trait c) humanistic d) behavioral/social learning

Sarah's mother receives a call from Sarah's teacher telling her she has been misbehaving in school. According to the psychoanalytic approach, Sarah's misbehavior a) results from a poorly formed self concept. b) is a reaction to her parent's expectations. c) is the result of unconscious mental activity. d) results from conditioning processes.

The approach to personality that explains aggressive behavior as unconscious impulses turned outward on other people is the a) psychoanalytic approach. b) trait approach. c) behavioral/social learning approach. d) cognitive approach.

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship among the six approaches to understanding personality? a) Only one of the approaches probably is correct. b) The six approaches complement one another and differ primarily in their focus. c) Although the six approaches occasionally vary only in focus, on some issues two or more approaches provide incompatible explanations. d) Because each of the approaches is comprehensive, personality psychologists need to align themselves with only one approach.

A personality psychologist who focuses on the stable patterns of aggressive behavior in schoolchildren that may be related to genetic predispositions follows the a) psychoanalytic approach. b) biological approach. c) humanistic approach. d) behavioral/social learning approach.

A psychologist attributes a boy's poor social skills to his lack of contact with children who model appropriate behavior. The psychologist is using which approach to personality? a) humanistic b) cognitive c) behavioral/social learning d) psychoanalytic

Greg believes that aggressive behavior in his coworkers is an expression of frustration that results from unsatisfied basic needs. Greg believes in the a) cognitive approach. b) biological approach. c) behavioral/social learning approach. d) humanistic approach.

Which of the following approaches has focused on the way people learn from watching role models? a) psychoanalytic approach b) behavioral/social learning approach c) biological approach d) humanistic approach

Which approach to personality presents the most idealistic picture of human nature? a) psychoanalytic b) trait c) humanistic d) behavioural/social learning

A psychologist develops a test to measure individual differences in social anxiety. She obtains social anxiety scores from a large group of participants, then tries to predict how those scoring high on the test will act in a social situation as compared to those scoring low. This psychologist probably would be identified with which approach to personality? a) psychoanalytic b) trait c) humanistic d) behavioral/social learning