PSYCH 211- Chapter 8 Learning Curve – Flashcards
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Which is crucial for the expression and regulation of emotions? the prefrontal cortex the limbic system the thalamus the corpus callosum
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the limbic system
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Between the ages of 2 and 6, children need to consume fewer calories per pound, causing a (n) _____ in appetite.
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decrease
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Which primarily is controlled by the left half of the brain? -215_blooms: Remembering
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logical reasoning
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By about age _____, young children's rigidity fades a bit.
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6
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A child's insistence on routine typically peaks at around age _____
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3
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Children who have been exposed to extremely stressful situations early in life may have permanent deficits in memory and learning. This may be because of excessive _____, which can destroy part of the hippocampus.
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cortisol
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When a young child insists that his or her potatoes be placed on a certain part of the dinner plate, he or she is exhibiting the _____ phenomenon.
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just-right
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The brain structure that registers emotions, particularly fear and anxiety, is the _____.
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amygdala
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Jessica has begun to "slim down." She has lost the chubby toddler look and is now lean. She weighs 42 pounds and is 43 inches tall. Jessica is MOST likely around the age of _____.
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6
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Four-year-old Jessica is experiencing both brain growth and physical growth. This illustrates the role of: looms: Applying epigenetics. nurture. childhood. nature.
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undefined
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Tooth care should not be postponed until _____ erupt because severe tooth decay can harm them.
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permanent teeth
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Children are at their slimmest between the ages of _____.
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5 and 6
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Because axons are becoming coated with a fatty substance that speeds the transmission of nerve impulses, brain weight is significantly _____ in early childhood.
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increases
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An undeveloped prefrontal cortex is responsible for _____ in young children.
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impulsiveness
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When many ethnic groups live together in a nation with abundant food and adequate medical care, children of _____ are MOST likely to be the shortest?
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Latino
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Which is part of the limbic system?
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amygdala
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If someone is experiencing stressful memories, such as a scary rollercoaster ride, these feelings are MOST likely generated by the _____.
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hippocampus
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The less education that parents have, the LESS likely they are to know the importance of early _____ care. This is one reason that tooth decay affects more than one-third of all U.S. children.
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dental
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The _____ is a central processor of memory, especially of memory for locations.
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hippocampus
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Too much sugar and too little fiber cause _____; this is the MOST common disease of young children in industrialized nations.
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tooth decay
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Mei Ling lives with her grandmother who moved to the United States from China. Mei Ling may be at a greater risk of childhood obesity because of her grandmother's fears of _____.
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malnutrition
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Many childhood _____ allergies are outgrown, but until they are, balanced diets can be more difficult.
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food
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A large issue for Ms. Anderson's second grade class is malnourishment, because in industrialized nations, young children's small appetites are often satiated with unhealthy foods that crowd out needed _____.
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vitamins
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According to the text, children whose early experiences are extremely stressful may have impairment of their: -218_blooms: Understanding pituitary gland. limbic system. auditory cortex. visual cortex.
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limbic system
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An immature corpus callosum caused by less _____ may be the underlying reason that younger children have trouble mastering fine motor skills such as tying shoelaces and zipping zippers.
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myelination
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Because it has been proven to be harmful to the development of children, many manufacturers have removed _____ from their plastic products.
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bisphenol A (or BPA)
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At age two, a child is most likely still quite clumsy and may fall down frequently or bump into stationary objects. This is because gross motor skills: are still quite immature and will improve dramatically over the next few years. are related to muscle development, but not brain development. are now well developed. do not exist at two years of age.
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are still quite immature and will improve dramatically over the next few years.
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Luann has been working with her 5-year-old daughter, Gracie, as she pours juice from a pitcher into her cup and cuts her own food at lunch with a knife. Because her mother is patient and Gracie has had _____, Gracie will MOST likely have mastered these fine motor skills before she begins kindergarten in the fall.
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practice
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_____ is far more likely for Ally's children, who live in poverty, than for Krista's children, who do not. A lack of cortisol Play time Physical ability Asthma
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Asthma
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Gabriella is 3 years old and the pictures she draws are indecipherable, mostly scribbles and lines that she tells her mother are cars and trucks. According to the text, this is because she has yet to master her fine motor skills and _____ abilities.
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perceptual
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The BEST way for children to learn gross motor skills is from _____ who demonstrate those skills.
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peers
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Brain maturation, motivation, and guided practice in large spaces make _____ skills possible. fine motor social cognitive gross motor
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gross motor
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raditional _____ learning depends on fine motor skills and body control.
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academic (or school)
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Children who breathe heavily polluted air tend to be impaired in _____ development. physical math brain creative
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brain
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Someone who grew up near a coal-burning electrical plant in the country may have suffered effects from _____ and from industry early in life which could lead to asthma.
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air pollution
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In _____, the overall situation is structured to make injuries LESS likely. overall prevention tertiary prevention primary prevention secondary prevention
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primary prevention
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_____ refers to the preferred permanent option for a child who has been taken away from, or given up by, their parents. authorities to find a long-term living situation that will provide stability and support for a maltreated child; all children in the foster system will have permanency planning, but it might not always be successful.]] Kinship care Adoption Placement Permanency planning [[Permanency planning refers to an effort by child-welfare
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Adoption
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Which of these statements is consistent with the notion of injury control? Appropriate controls can minimize harm. Injuries are caused by careless parenting or accident-prone children. Fate determines the frequency and consequences of accidents. Accidents are random events.
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Appropriate controls can minimize harm.
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The level of prevention intended to reduce harm when a child has already been abused is: unilateral. secondary. primary. tertiary.
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tertiary
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A call to poison control is an example of _____ prevention. unitary secondary tertiary primary
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tertiary
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Decreasing a family's financial instability would be an example of _____ prevention of child maltreatment.
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primary
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_____ prevention refers to actions that avert harm in a high-risk situation, such as stopping a car before it hits a pedestrian.
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secondary
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Two-year-old Carrie is hyperactive, often confused between fantasy and reality, and jumps at any sudden noise. Her pediatrician suspects that she is suffering from: child abuse. child neglect. post-traumatic stress disorder. perseveration.
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PTSD
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Flashing lights on stopped school buses are an example of _____ prevention. tertiary secondary unitary primary
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secondary
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Once Bobby was removed from his father's custody because he was abused, Bobby was placed in the care of his maternal grandparents. This is known as _____ care.
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kinship
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The MOST common cause of death in childhood is: diabetes. accidents. cancer. allergic reactions.
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accidents
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Bradley comes to school with injuries that seem unlikely to be accidents, such as bruises on both sides of his body. He has signs of child _____.
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maltreatment
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Outside the school that Mary's children attend, there are speed bumps in the road and a sign stating the 15 mph speed limit and the fine associated with speeding. This is an example of _____ prevention.
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primary
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At a daycare center, a little boy has gotten past the safety latch under the kitchen sink and put his mouth onto a bottle of cleaning solution. The daycare director immediately calls poison control and takes all of the steps they suggest. This is an example of _____ prevention.
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tertiary
