question

What is the birthing method that provides training that allows women to cope with painful contractions by concentrating on their breathing and producing relaxation response, rather than by tensing up, which can make pain more acute?

answer

Lamaze

question

During the 1970s and 1980s, psychologists and physicians argued that _____ was a crucial ingredient for forming a lasting relationship between parent and child.

answer

bonding

question

Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) and zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT) are forms of what type of procedure?

answer

in virto fertilization (IVF)

question

Which childbirth method is quite controversial because it discourages the use of traditional medical interventions?

answer

Bradley

question

What is the major reason why very-low-birthweight babies are in grave danger from the moment they are born?

answer

There is an immaturity of their own systems

question

From puberty until menopause, a female will ovulate about every ____ days

answer

28

question

The developmental psychologist ________ speculated that the underlying temperament of a given society, determined genetically, may predispose people in that society toward a particular philosophy

answer

Kagan

question

When the newborn's behavior meshes with the parental behavior, this helps the ________ to grow

answer

baby's social relationship skills

question

In the United States in the 1990s, the average hospital stay for a normal birth was _____ days in large part because of insurance companies.

answer

2.0

question

Along with schizophrenia, all of the psychological disorders below have been shown to be related, at least in part, to genetic factors. Which of the following disorders is least likely to have a genetic factor, according to the text?

answer

anxiety

question

One of the highlights of the _______ stage is the development of the major organs and basic anatomy

answer

embryonic

question

Which procedure, in combination with ultrasound, can detect more than 80% of all malformations during the second trimester?

answer

sonoembryology

question

What is the term for an infant who has not yet been born two weeks after the mother's due date?

answer

postmature

question

What procedure is used to detect abnormalities in the first trimester of pregnancy, and involves high-frequency transvaginal probes and digital visual processing?

answer

sonoembryology

question

An infant who learns that smiling at his or her parents brings positive attention, and therefore begins to smile more often, is demonstrating what type of learning?

answer

operant conditioning

question

Studies have found that the pregnant mother's consumption of an average of ___ alcoholic drink(s) a day during pregnancy is associated with adverse effects on intelligence, psychological functioning, and behavior in her children.

answer

2

question

Melissa is two weeks past her due date, but her baby has not yet been born. Melissa's baby is

answer

postmature

question

Which of the following is NOT considered a medical risk predating pregnancy?

answer

onset of menstruation

question

An 8-week-old embryo is only ___ inch(es) long with what appears to be gills and a tail-like structure, as well as rudimentary eyes, nose, lips, teeth, and stubby bulges that will form into arms and legs.

answer

1

question

For parents who experience a stillbirth, which of the following is NOT a common reaction?

answer

an ease in accepting and handling the loss

question

Which procedure produces a visual image of the uterus, fetus, and placenta?

answer

sonogram

question

All of the following reflect the visual skills of a newborn EXCEPT

answer

perfect visual acuity

question

Alisha was born earlier than 25 weeks, and as such would be classified as

answer

very-low-birthweight

question

Elaine is reading a fairy tale to her newborn baby as she feeds the baby its bottle. Although the milk in the bottle is gone, the baby continues to suck on the nipple as the mother continues to read the baby the story. This is an example of what type of conditioning?

answer

operant conditioning

question

About ___________ babies born to mothers over 40 have ________.

answer

1 out of 100; Down syndrome.

question

Eric has blue eyes. Since the gene for blue eyes is recessive, Eric must be ______ for that trait.

answer

homozygous

question

In parts of the world other than the United States, midwives help deliver about _______ of babies, often in the ________.

answer

80% home

question

Postpartum depression may be triggered by pronounced swings in hormone production that occur after birth. These hormones are

answer

estrogen and progesterone

question

What is the term for the process of fertilization in which a man's sperm is placed directly into a woman's vagina by a physician?

answer

artificial insemenation

question

It is not until the final period of prenatal development, the _____ stage, that the developing child becomes easily recognizable.

answer

fetal

question

The percentage of low-birthweight infants born to African American mothers is ______ times that for Caucasian American mothers.

answer

two

question

In the embryonic stage, what is the term for the layer that forms the muscles, bones, blood, and circulatory system?

answer

mesoderm

question

Marta is pregnant and consumes substantial quantities of alcohol. She runs the risk of having a baby born with

answer

fetal alcohol syndrome FAS

question

Which is not a good reason why mothers and their newborns should NOT be sent home within 24 hours after birth?

answer

it saves costs

question

What is the term for the determination of traits by a combination of both genetic and environmental factors, in which a genotype provides a range within which a phenotype may be expressed?

answer

multifactorial transmission

question

What disease, when contracted by a pregnant woman, increases the possibility that the fetus may develop a birth defect?

answer

chicken pox

question

At which stage of labor does the baby's head emerge?

answer

second stage

question

A hungry baby who stops crying when his mother picks him up because he has learned to associate being picked up with being fed demonstrates what type of learning?

answer

classical conditioning

question

What is the term for a delivery of a child who is not alive? This type of birth occurs in less than 1 delivery in 100.

answer

stillbirth

question

Parents in the United States are more likely to encourage higher _______ levels, while Asian parents are more likely to encourage greater

answer

activity; pssivity

question

The American College of Medical Genetics recommends that all newborns be screened for ___ disorders ranging from hearing difficulties to extremely rare conditions.

answer

29

question

The different degrees of sleep and wakefulness through which newborns cycle, ranging from deep sleep to great agitation, are called

answer

states of arousal

question

The type of learning in which an organism responds in a particular way to a neutral stimulus that normally does not bring about that type of response is called

answer

classical conditioning

question

A standard measurement system that looks for a variety of indications of good health in newborns is called

answer

Apgar

question

What is the process in which high-frequency sound waves scan the mother's womb to produce an image of the unborn baby, whose size and shape can then be assessed?

answer

ultrasound sonography

question

Newborns also can distinguish different colors, and they seem to prefer

answer

blue and green

question

Difficulties in which type of learning signal the development of problems, such as mental retardation?

answer

habituation

question

What sexually transmitted disease can be transmitted directly to the fetus, and will cause the fetus to be born suffering from the disease?

answer

syphilis

question

In the embryonic stage, every part of the body is formed from ____ distinct layers.

answer

3

question

What is the basic unit of genetic information?

answer

gene

question

What type of gene is considered recessive and located only on the X chromosome?

answer

X-linked

question

Because a neonate's liver does not work effectively at first, almost half of all newborns develop a yellowish tinge to their bodies and eyes called

answer

neonatal jaundice

question

In __________, a mother voluntarily terminates a pregnancy.

answer

abortion

question

What type of a physician specializes in delivering babies?

answer

obstetricians

question

Which test is carried out 15 to 20 weeks into the pregnancy and allows the analysis of fetal cells that can identify a variety of genetic defects with nearly 100% accuracy?

answer

amniocentesis

question

According to the text, what could be considered the best option for women who experience depression during pregnancy?

answer

nondrug-based psychotherapeutic intervention

question

What illegal drug, when used during pregnancy, can restrict the oxygen that reaches the fetus and lead to infants who are irritable, nervous, and easily disturbed?

answer

marijuana

question

Which childbirth method is known as "husband-coached childbirth"?

answer

Bradley

question

What is the term applied to studying the effects of heredity on psychological characteristics and behavior?

answer

behavioral genetics

question

A neonate enters the world with unlearned, organized, and involuntary responses that occur automatically in the presence of stimuli; these responses are called

answer

reflexes

question

Approximately ___% of Caucasian American women and approximately ____% of African American women receive no prenatal care early in their pregnancies.

answer

20, 40

question

If a baby is being born feet first, this is called

answer

breech position

question

Jamal has an extra chromosome on the twenty-first pair of chromosomes, causing him to have

answer

Down syndrome

question

Other countries do significantly better than the U.S. in preventing infant mortality by providing services listed below EXCEPT

answer

social programs for birth control

question

By age six, approximately ____ of preterm infants have mild problems, such as learning disabilities or behavior disorders.

answer

38%

question

The fact that the ______determines the gender of the child is leading to the development of techniques that will allow parents to increase the chances of choosing the child's gender.

answer

men's sperm

question

Which test procedure is recommended if either parent carries Tay-Sachs, spina bifida, sickle-cell, Down syndrome, muscular dystrophy, or Rh disease?

answer

amniocentesis

question

The key feature to classical conditioning is

answer

stimulus substitution

question

Three days after fertilization, the organism consists of some ___ cells, and by the next day the number doubles.

answer

32

question

Corleta's newborn has died. While obviously suffering from depression, she may also develop which of the following disorders?

answer

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

question

What is the process by which a sperm and an ovum join to form a single new cell?

answer

fertilization

question

Tiffany Field's research suggests that infants can discriminate between all of the following basic facial expressions except one. Which expression is NOT discriminated by newborns?

answer

fear

question

What is the profession that focuses on helping people deal with issues relating to inherited disorders?

answer

genetic counseling

question

In the embryonic stage, what is the term for the inner layer that produces the digestive system, liver, pancreas, and respiratory system?

answer

endoderm

question

The neck of the uterus that separates it from the vagina is called the

answer

cervix

question

What is the correct term for a newborn baby?

answer

neonate

question

Research shows that which of the following senses are not only well developed but reasonably sophisticated at birth?

answer

sense of touch taste and smell

question

What is the term for an environmental agent that produces birth defects?

answer

teratogen

question

Babies are typically able to crawl between _______ months of age.

answer

8 to 10

question

What is the sum total of the enduring characteristics that differentiate one individual from another?

answer

personality

question

Infants who receive adequate nutrition but act as though they have been deprived of food because they are listless and apathetic are exhibiting

answer

nonorganic failure to thrive

question

A child who does not seek proximity to the mother, and, after she leaves the room, does not look distressed is exhibiting

answer

avoid ant attachment pattern

question

Alice has just delivered her baby; however, because of financial constraints, she has to go back to working both of her jobs. Since she can't give her baby the attention and stimulation it needs, her baby could start to suffer from

answer

nonorganic failure to thrive

question

When applying the Ainsworth Strange Situation, which child is most likely to demonstrate the appearance of being less securely attached to his/her mother?

answer

children from Japan

question

By what age is an infant able to discriminate his/her own name from other familiar-sounding words?

answer

4 months

question

At what age can a child hold crayon adaptively?

answer

11 months

question

The concept that all of the world's languages share a similar underlying structure was created by ________ and is called ________

answer

chomsky; universal grammer

question

The systematic, meaningful arrangement of symbols, which provides the basis for communication, is called

answer

language

question

The term for the mental process of sorting out, interpreting, analyzing, and integrating stimuli from the sense organs and brain is ______________.

answer

perception

question

What is the term for the smallest language unit that has meaning?

answer

morpheme

question

At what age are babies able to hold a cup to their lips and take a drink without spilling a drop?

answer

24 months

question

The _________________refers to the degree to which a developing structure or behavior is modifiable due to experience.

answer

brain's plasticity

question

Maria and Thomas are preparing for the birth of their baby, and are trying to decide whether or not to breastfeed their new baby. Which of the following is NOT a reason for them to decide on breastfeeding?

answer

Breast milk is cheaper than store-bought formula

question

What is the term for nonphysical aggression that is intended to hurt another person's psychological well being?

answer

relational aggression

question

In order to develop a(n) ___________, a child must develop a(n) ________

answer

gender identity; gender schema

question

In its most extreme form, _________ parenting results in neglect.

answer

uninvolved

question

Research suggests that the age at which toilet training takes place has risen over the years. In 1957, what percentage of children had been toilet trained by 18 months of age?

answer

92%

question

The philosophy of ______________ emphasizes personal identity and the uniqueness of the individual

answer

individualistic orientation

question

Johnny is a 4-year-old who is having lunch with his mother and sister. When his mother pours the milk that is left in the carton into the children's glasses, she finds that there is not enough to fill both glasses; so she carefully pours half of the milk in the shorter, fatter glass in front of Johnny and half into a thin, taller glass in front of Johnny's sister. Immediately, Johnny complains that his sister got more milk than he did, and even when his mother tries to explain that they both got the same amount, Johnny insists he is right. In this example, Johnny is demonstrating a lack of development in the area of

answer

conservation

question

Three-year-old Wendy is playing hide-and-seek with some older children. However, instead of running to find a hiding place away from the other children, Wendy simply covers her eyes. In this example, Wendy is demonstrating

answer

egocentric thought

question

Which of the following are NOT considered likely sources for exposure to lead poisoning?

answer

farm products such as fruits, vegetables and milk

question

Preschooler's thoughts focus on all of the following EXCEPT

answer

the ability to consider all available information

question

Which of the following is the best description of Piaget's symbolic function?

answer

a child is able to use a mental symbol, a word, or an object to stand for or represent something that is not physically present

question

According to Piaget, which stage occurs from approximately age 2 to age 7 in which children's use of symbolic thinking grows, mental reasoning emerges, and the use of concepts increases?

answer

peroperational

question

All of the following may be a factor in how much a preschooler weighs and how tall he/she is EXCEPT

answer

the quality of preschool; children who attend quality preschool programs receive better snacks and lunches.

question

What is the term for a memory of particular events from one's own life?

answer

autobiographical memory

question

After the age of 2, what is the maximum number of hours per day of television that the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends for children?

answer

1 to 2 hours

question

Despite the fact that results are primarily correlational, overwhelming research evidence suggests that observation of televised aggression leads to

answer

increases in aggressive behaviors that can extend into adulthood

question

Children who show evidence of high performance capability in areas such as intellectual, creative, artistic, leadership, or specific academic fields are referred to as

answer

gifted and talented

question

According to psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg, what stage reflects a person's use of moral principles, which are seen as broader than those of any particular society?

answer

postconventional morality

question

According to Damon, when Martha (who is 8 years old) is asked, "How do you know that someone is your best friend?" it is highly likely that she will respond

answer

"Because a friend is someone you can count on to help you when you need it."

question

Which of the following best describes the third of the three-stage process of women's morality, as theorized by Carol Gilligan?

answer

morality of nonviolence

question

In the United States, most variations in height and weight in children are the result of all of the following EXCEPT

answer

inadequate nutrition

question

What is the name of an intelligence test that measures children's ability to integrate different stimuli simultaneously and to demonstrate step-by-step thinking?

answer

Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, Second Edition (KABC-II)

question

At which stage does a child learn phonological recoding skills and start to read?

answer

Stage 1

question

During middle childhood years, it appears that children in immigrant families

answer

often do quite well in the United States

question

Which of the following is considered to be the centerpiece of friendship during middle childhood?

answer

mutual trust

question

What is the term for the use of more than one language?

answer

bilingualism

question

Friends influence children's development during the middle childhood years in all of the following ways EXCEPT

answer

friendships provide more security than relationships with parents and other family members.

question

By definition, a remarried couple that has at least one stepchild living with them is called a

answer

blended family

question

What is one significant reason for the advances in fine motor skills in children 6 to 8 years old?

answer

The amount of myelin in the brain increases to protect, insulate, and surround the nerve cells, raising the speed at which electrical impulses travel between neurons.

question

With regard to children of divorced parents, all of the following are true EXCEPT

answer

divorce is not beneficial to children living in households overwhelmed by parental strife.

question

Generally, overall self-esteem is high during middle childhood but begins to decline around the age of ___ due to

answer

12; school transition.

question

All of the following female adolescents are more likely to develop an eating disorder EXCEPT

answer

an adolescent who matured later than her peers.

question

Mrs. Valdez was concerned that her daughter was not getting adequate sleep and that, as a result, her daughter was failing classes and suffering from depression. Mrs. Valdez attended a school meeting with other concerned parents about adolescent sleep requirements and learned that

answer

with increasing academic and social demands, adolescents are often leading their lives in something of a sleep-deprived daze.

question

The perspective that sees changes in adolescents' cognitive abilities as evidence of gradual transformations in the capacity to take in, use, and store information is called

answer

the information processing perspective.

question

According to James Marcia, which of the following four categories of identity development leads to "rigid strength," authoritarian behavior, and a high need for social approval?

answer

identity foreclosure

question

If an adolescent has awareness of his/her self-concept, he/she would be considering all of the following EXCEPT

answer

considering only traits he/she fully likes in himself/herself.

question

Undersocialized delinquents share several characteristics including all of the following except

answer

likelihood of being successfully rehabilitated.

question

If a person is called or known as a "garbage head," that means that

answer

the person will try anything, especially any kind of drug

question

Developmentalists suggest that along with early/late maturity, all of the following may be more pertinent in determining an adolescent's behavior except

answer

IQ development

question

The view held by some adolescents that what happens to them is unique, exceptional, and shared by no one else is called

answer

personal fable

question

The phenomenon known as the "digital divide" is

answer

the challenge involving socioeconomic status, race, and ethnicity, where poorer adolescents and members of minority groups have less access to computers than more affluent adolescents.

question

According to psychologist Judith Smetana, what is the most likely reason for more conflict between adolescents and their parents in the earlier stage of adolescence compared to the later stage of adolescence?

answer

definitions of and rationales for appropriate vs. inappropriate conduct

question

Which of the following reflects the latest information regarding racial and ethnic differences in the timing of first intercourse?

answer

African Americans generally have sex for the first time earlier than do Puerto Ricans, who have sex earlier than whites do.

question

The desire to have independence and a sense of control over one's life is called

answer

autonomy

question

According to James Marcia, the status of adolescents who prematurely commit to an identity without adequately exploring alternatives is called

answer

identity foreclosure

question

Early maturation in girls may result in all of the following EXCEPT

answer

intellectual maturity beyond their peers.

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