question

Ebbinghaus's use of nonsense syllables to study memory led to the discovery that:

answer

the amount remembered depends on the time spent learning

question

Chunking refers to

answer

the organization of information into meaningful units

question

When spiraling visually displayed three rows of three letters each for only 1/20th of a second, experimental participants:

answer

recalled all the letters in any particular row when given a special recall signal 1/5th of a second after the display disappeared

question

our immediate short-term memory for new material is limited to roughly _____ units of info

answer

7

question

What provides convincing evidence that memories are permanently and accurately stored in long term memory, as discussed in class and in the text? a. the detailed reports of childhood experiences given by adults under hypnosis b. the recovery of painful unconscious childhood memories when in therapy c. Penfield's discovery that electrical stimulation of the brain activates vivid recollections of the distant past d. all of the above e. none of the above

answer

none of the above

question

Memory of facts is to _____ as memory of skills is to ______.

answer

declarative memory; procedural memory

question

When Loftus and Palmer asked observers of a filmed car accident how fast the vehicles were going when they "smashed" into each other, the observers developed memories of the accident that:

answer

portrayed the event as more serious than it actually had been

question

Professor Maslova has so many vivid memories of former students that she has difficulty remembering the names of new students. The professor's difficulty best illustrates

answer

proactive interference

question

Damage to which brain structure seems to be critical in causing amnesic syndromes

answer

hippocampus

question

The duration of memories in sensory memory is approximately

answer

1/2 to 1 second

question

In the experiment by Loftus (1992) discussed in class, students wrote to their siblings asking them to describe in detail 5 events from their childhood, one of which did not actually happen. He found the siblings:

answer

wrote detailed descriptions of the "false" event and resisted the idea that it never really happened

question

An increase in a synapse's firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation is called:

answer

long-term potentiation

question

Because she believes that boys naughtier than girls, Mrs. Hill, a second- grade teacher, watches boys more closely than girls for any of misbehavior. Mrs. Hill's surveillance strategy best illustrates

answer

the confirmation bias

question

The tendency to conclude that a person who likes poetry is more likely to be a college professor of classics than a construction worker illustrates the use of

answer

the representative heuristic

question

Fixed patterns of behavior characteristic of a species and developed without practice are called

answer

instincts

question

According to Maslow, our need for ____ must be met before we are prompted to satisfy our need for ___

answer

love

question

Dr. Miles electrically stimulates the ventromedial hythalamus of a well-fed rat. This procedure is most likely to

answer

cause the rat to stop eating

question

If Mary Ann is a typical female college student, it is most probable that she

answer

*d. thinks men prefer her to weigh less than they really do.

question

Research on sex hormones and human sexual behavior indicates that

answer

adult males who suffer castration experience a gradual decline in their ability to perform sexually

question

The brain structure that detects sex hormone levels and activates sexual arousal is the

answer

hypothalamus

question

A female rat who has had its ovaries removed that receives an injection of testosterone while most likely exhibit

answer

male sexual behavior

question

people who are high in achievement motivation prefer ____ tasks; people who are low in achievement motivation prefer _____ tasks

answer

ver difficult; very easy

question

What type of disorder is characterized by an acquired problem in reading?

answer

alexia

question

What is NOT an inherited factor in determining a person's weight as discussed in class?

answer

activity level of the lateral hypothalamus

question

Who emphasized that slips of the tongue often reveal the personality dynamics that contribute to psychological disorders

answer

Freud

question

According to Freud, children develop unconscious sexual desires for the parent of the opposite sex during the ____ stage

answer

phallic

question

Freud: a person who is optimistic, gullible and cocky is ___ in the _____ stage.

answer

fixated; oral

question

Defense mechanism that the ego unconsciously makes desires appear to be their opposite is called

answer

reaction formation

question

Jung emphasized the importance of ____ in personality functioning

answer

the collective unconscious

question

One of the "Big Five" trait dimensions is

answer

agreeableness

question

Stimulation of the alter hypothalamus most likely leads to

answer

a decrease in eating

question

The two neurotransmitters the play the most important roles in the brain's reward system are

answer

endorphin and dopamine

question

The two brain structures that are most directly part of the brain's reward system are

answer

the nucleus accumbens and the ventral segmental area

question

Hormones that make you hungry

answer

gherlin

question

Researchers asked university students to recall childhood events, including a false event such as breaking a window with their hand

answer

its easy to lead people to construct false memories

question

After studying biology all afternoon, Ralph is having difficulty remembering details of the organic chemistry material he memorized in the morning. this illustrates

answer

retroactive inference

question

Patient H.M had brain surgery to alleviate the effects of epilepsy

answer

could learn new procedural memories but not new episodic memories

question

The term chunking is most applicable with

answer

short term memory

question

levels of processing manipulations most likely affects

answer

encoding

question

by shrinking the hippocampus, prolonged stress is most likely to inhibit the process of

answer

long term memory formation

question

The fact that most people can not remember the details of a lincoln penny is best explained as

answer

encoding

question

The__ plays an important role in the formation of episodic memories, whereas the ___ plays an important role in the formation of procedural memories

answer

hippocampus; thalamus

question

The increase in synaptic firing potential that contributes to memory formation is known as

answer

long term potentiation

question

A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli is called a

answer

iconic memory

question

Craik and Tulving experimentally demonstrated that people effectively remember seeing a specific word after the decide whether that word fits into an incomplete sentence. This highlighted the

answer

semantic encoding

question

As taylor leaves the house to go shopping, her boyfriend yells at her giving her a list of ten items he wants her to pick up at the grocery store. She is most likely to forget

answer

items in the middle of the list

question

Students who restudy course material at the end of a semester illustrate

answer

the spacing effect

question

Three successive phases of the general adaptation syndrome are

answer

larm, reisistance, exhaustion

question

In response to stress, norepinephire (adreline) is released by the ____ and then gluccorticoid stress hormones are released by the

answer

amygdala, adrenal gland

question

structure responsible for immediate response to a threat and to the cognitive evaluation of the threat are the

answer

amygdala and preforontal cortex

question

Neurotramsmitter implicated in drug addiction

answer

dopamine

question

resting rate of energy expenditure

answer

basal metabolic rate

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