question

The idea that all knowledge is attained through experience was referred to as _______ by the Greek philosopher Aristotle

answer

philosophical empiricism

question

_______ was one of the first attempts to link physiological traits to behavioral traits

answer

phrenology

question

by the 1920s _____ was the major approach to psychology in North America

answer

functionalism

question

the purpose of Freud's psychoanalytic approach to therapy is to:

answer

identify unconscious thoughts and bring them into awareness

question

what distinguishes the humanistic movement from the psychoanalytic theory?

answer

-humanism focuses on possibilities and reaching one's full potential, while psychoanalysis addressed is one's limitations and problems -humanistic therapists are on equal ground with their clients, whereas a psychoanalyst has a more powerful role in therapy than the patient -humanistic psychologists do not see people as confined by their past

question

which area of psychology was associated with identifying the full scope of positive human potential?

answer

humanism

question

according to pavlov, a _____ is an action of physiological change elicited by a stimulus

answer

response

question

which of the following statements is NOT true about B.F. Skinner?

answer

he taught little albert to fear rats

question

B.F. Skinner's ideas were controversial because of Skinner's denial of:

answer

free will

question

______ studied memory and realized that people's recall of past information was not a photographic reproduction

answer

Bartlett

question

Skinner's inability o counter Chomsky's ideas on _____ helped to bring cognitive psychology to the forefront

answer

language

question

One of the biggest challenges for evolutionary psychologists is:

answer

testing their hyportheses

question

it is important to study the social influences on mental events because:

answer

people are inherently social creatures with a network of friends, family, and coworkers

question

JoNell is a psychologist interested in studying how people solve problems in groups. What type of psychologist is she?

answer

social

question

social psychology examines issues such as conformity, racism, and stereotyping by:

answer

considering the effects of other people in our cognitive processes

question

while some psychologists engage in research, many psychologists, such as _____, are involved in clinical and other work focused on helping people deal with family career issues

answer

counseling psychologists

question

when you tell people you want to be a psychology major, they probably imagine that you want to be this type of psychologist, and based on the distribution within the field, they are probably right

answer

clinical psychologist

question

to be a counseling psychologist, you need which type of degree?

answer

-master's degree (MA) in counseling psychology -master's degree in social work (MSW) -doctorate n counseling psychology (PhD)

question

Helmholtz showed that mental processes do not occur instantaneously by having participants respond to a ______ and then recording their _______

answer

stimulus, reaction time

question

by asking people to pay attention and record their feelings and perceptions of an event, Wilhelm Wundt used the method of _____ to analyze the basic elements of the mind

answer

introspection

question

in class one day, your teacher shows you an apple and asks you to think about and record your feelings and perceptions of it. What method might your teacher be using?

answer

introspection

question

although William James and Sigmund Freud employed two very different theoretical approaches to psychology, what is the common thread between their views?

answer

by studying their errors in mental processes, we gain a better understanding of the normal functioning mind

question

psychoanalytic theory became controversial because it:

answer

required exploring a person's sexual experiences and desires

question

Wilhelm Wundt's brand of psychology focused on the study of ______, while John Watson's brand of psychology focused on the study of ______

answer

consciousness, behavior

question

Whenever the doorbell rings, there i a pizza delivery person there, bringing you a tasty pizza. One day, you notice you begin to salivate at the sound of the doorbell, a few minutes before you smell or taste the pizza. In this case, the doorbell is a(n) _______ that produces a(n) _______ of salvation

answer

stimulus, response

question

a rat is being trained to learn its way through a complex maze. when the rat successfully makes its way through the maze, it receives water and food, and runs faster the next time. what psychological principle does their example illustrate?

answer

reinforcement

question

our susceptibility to the Muller-Lyer illusion is influenced by our:

answer

culture

question

chad explains his irresponsible spending by speculating that he shares genes with ancestors who had no need to save for the future because their lives were brutish and short. Which field of psychology is most consistent with his view?

answer

evolutionary psychology

question

to better understand Nazi atrocities, social psychologists began to study:

answer

conformity and obedience

question

psychological states and experiences that occur most commonly across the world are usually _______ based, whereas those that are the least universal are rooted in _______

answer

biologically, culture

question

the American Psychological Association was formed:

answer

in 1892 on the campus of Clark University

question

a ________ treats individuals with psychological problems and is allowed to prescribe medications

answer

psychiatrist

question

most people who call themselves psychologists are in the subfield of psychology known as:

answer

clinical psychology

question

in 1980, William James authored the book _____, which is still considered a classic psychology text

answer

the Principles of Psychology

question

which of the following is NOT done by the mind

answer

eating

question

according to Aristotle, being completely shaped by experience, with no innate structures, would make your mind like a(n):

answer

tabula rasa

question

Charcot and Janet were interested in which of the following phenomena, which involves temporary loss of motor control or cognitive functions?

answer

hysteria

question

Lauren's therapist frequently asks her questions about her dreams and early childhood memories. Her therapist is most likely a(n):

answer

psychoanalytic psychologists

question

Lauren believes that all people have free will and can reach their full potential. Lauren's beliefs are most closely aligned with which psychological theory?

answer

humanistic psychology

question

________ stresses the importance of studying observable behaviors and ignores the mental processes in different tasks

answer

behaviorism

question

by ______ a behavior, you increase the chances that it will occur again

answer

reinforcing

question

which psychological perspective would agree with the statement, \"the whole is more than the sum of its parts\"?

answer

gestalt psychology

question

Broadbent's studies on pilots revealed what about attention

answer

its limited

question

Jon is a psychologist interested in figuring out where in the brain learning takes place. he is investigating this by observing animals while recording brain responses. Jon would probably describe himself as a:

answer

behavioral neuroscientist

question

historical events such as the rise of Nazism, the Civil Rights Movement, and the Holocaust helped to shape which subdiscipline psychology

answer

social psychology

question

although cognitive processes depend on the brain, humans (and their behaviors) are also a product of the environment around them. how does cultural psychology include this aspect?

answer

it examines how behavior is influenced by the cultural values, traditions, and beliefs shared by a group

question

the American Psychological Society was formed to create an organization

answer

that focuses exclusively on psychologists performing scientific research

question

William James's functional approach to psychology was influenced by Darwin's theory of:

answer

natural selection

question

which group of psychologists developed their ideas in isolation from academic settings

answer

psychoanalysts

question

the _______ approach to psychotherapy has a much more positive view on human nature than the _______ view

answer

humanistic, psychoanalytic

question

the stimulus-response method of behaviorism demonstrated the important influence of ______ on human and animal behavior

answer

the environment

question

every time Tammy completes a math problem correctly, her mom gives her a cookie. This makes her more likely to complete math problems correctly in the future. This is an example of:

answer

reinforcement

question

why was the advent of the computer so important for the development of cognitive psychology

answer

computers provided a model for studying the mind scientifically

question

by using brain scanning, cognitive neuroscientists can:

answer

observe and identify brain activity associated with specific tasks

question

most psychologists today work:

answer

in clinical or health-related fields

question

Aristotle argues that a child's mind is:

answer

a tabula rasa

question

a ______ is a sensory input from the envoronment

answer

stimulus

question

the establishment of the first psychology laboratory by ________ launched the beginning of psychology as an independent field of study

answer

Wundt

question

the ________ influences people's thoughts, feelings, and actions without them being aware of it

answer

unconscious

question

psychology though the early 20th century focused on ______ information until the development of behaviorism, which shifted its focus to _______ information

answer

subjective, objective

question

Fred and Yvonne notice that their 10-year-old daughter is beginning to use sexually explicit curse words. The parents think that their daughters friends might be rewarding her swearing with attention and laughter. This reflects a _____ perspective

answer

Skinnerian

question

_______ is the scientific study of mental processes, including perception, thought, memory, and reasoning

answer

cognitive psychology

question

by studying people with brain damage to certain regions of the brain, we gain a better understanding that:

answer

all cognitive processes rely on the brain

question

the first member of a minority group to serve as president of the American Psychological Association was:

answer

Kenneth Clark

question

which of the following is NOT a stimulus?

answer

a memory

question

therapists' use the term \"client\" rather than \"patient\" began with which area of psychology

answer

humanistic

question

according to the _______ approach, the human brain is more like a computer specialized to do a few tasks very well and less like an all-purpose computer that can learn to do anything

answer

evolutionary psychology

question

psychologists and ______ often exchange ideas to further the field of cultural psychology

answer

anthropologists

question

the first woman to serve as president of the American Psychological Association was:

answer

Mary Calkins

Psych 101 ch 1 quiz ?s

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards