PSYC 319 Exam 2 (Ch.4-6) - Flashcards

Q: What book marks the \"literary birth\" of the new science of psychology? a. MÃ¼ller\'s Handbook of Physiology of Mankind (1833-1840) b. Fechner\'s Elements of Psychophysics (1860) c. Wundt\'s Contributions to the Theory of Sensory Perception (1858-1862) d. Fechner\'s Elements of Psychophysics (1860) and Wundt\'s Contributions to the Theory of Sensory Perception (1858-1862) e. Helmholtz\'s Handbook of Physiological Optics (1856-1866)

d. Fechner\'s Elements of Psychophysics (1860) and Wundt\'s Contributions to the Theory of Sensory Perception (1858-1862)

Q: A mediate experience precedes immediate experience. True False

false, a mediate experience follows or builds up from an \"immediate\" experience

Q: Wundt believed that the content of consciousness passively self-organized. True False

false, Wundt focused on the conscious mind\'s \"active\" self-organizing ability

question

Wilhelm Wundt is credited as the founder of Psychology. True False

answer

true

question

Wundt believed the mind actively organizes the content of consciousness. True False

answer

true

question

Wundt used the term "elements" to suggest psychology was like the natural sciences. True False

answer

true

question

The subject matter of Wundt's psychology was consciousness. True False

answer

true

question

The book "Principles of Physiological Psychology" was published in 1973. True False

answer

false, 1873

question

Wilhelm Wundt is the ____ of psychology as a discipline. a. founder b. originator and founder c. originator d. forerunner e. antecedent

answer

founder

question

In 1867, Wundt offered the first course ever given in ____. a. physiological psychology b. introspection c. volkerpsychologie d. psychophysics e. social psychology

answer

physiological psychology

question

What book marks the "literary birth" of the new science of psychology? a. Müller's Handbook of Physiology of Mankind (1833-1840) b. Fechner's Elements of Psychophysics (1860) c. Wundt's Contributions to the Theory of Sensory Perception (1858-1862) d. Fechner's Elements of Psychophysics (1860) and Wundt's Contributions to the Theory of Sensory Perception (1858-1862) e. Helmholtz's Handbook of Physiological Optics (1856-1866)

answer

d. Fechner's Elements of Psychophysics (1860) and Wundt's Contributions to the Theory of Sensory Perception (1858-1862)

question

Which of the following statements is true of Wundt's cultural psychology? a. It became the discipline known as anthropology. b. It was the same thing as folk psychology. c. It dealt with various stages of human mental development. d. It was never published, although some lectures and articles remain. e. It was the study of socioeconomic strata in society.

answer

c. it dealt with various stages of human mental development

question

Wundt's system is most accurately called ____. a. physiological psychology b. psychophysics c. structural psychology d. experimental psychology e. reductionism

answer

d. experimental psychology

question

In his early work when he was his own experimental subject, the 29-year-old Wilhelm Wundt found that he could ____. a. pay attention to three things at once, but not four b. pay attention to two things at once, but not three c. sustain his attention on one thing for a little less than 12 minutes at a time d. pay attention to two things at once e. not pay attention to two things at once

answer

e. not pay attention to two things at once

question

Wundt's productivity as a writer can be quantified by his output, which averaged ____. a. just about 1 page a day for his working life b. 4.7 pages a day for approximately 15 years c. 5 pages a day for over 50 years d. 2.2 pages a day for over 50 years e. 1.5 pages a day for approximately 25 years

answer

d. 2.2 pages a day over 50 years

question

Wundt established psychology as distinct from philosophy primarily in terms of its ____. a. use of the experimental method b. subject matter c. focus on behavior d. use of the deduction and induction e. emphasis on physiology

answer

a. use of the experimental method

question

The cultural psychology of Wundt examined evidence from ____. a. examination of language, myths, customs, law, and morals b. experimentation c. studies of children and their thinking d. philosophy e. a content analysis of contemporary newspapers

answer

a. examination of language myths, customs, law and morals

question

Wundt's influence was so widely felt that, as a tribute, his lab was later replicated in ____. a. Sweden and Italy b. the United States and Sweden c. Italy and Japan d. Russia and the United States e. Japan and Russia

answer

Japan and Russia

question

According to Wundt, the 2 types of conscious experience are "mediate" and immediate." True False

answer

true

question

The word "voluntarism" is derived from the word volition. True False

answer

true

question

A mediate experience precedes immediate experience. True False

answer

false, a mediate experience follows or builds up from an "immediate" experience

question

Wundt trained his subjects how to introspect properly. True False

answer

true

question

Wundt believed that the content of consciousness passively self-organized. True False

answer

false, Wundt focused on the conscious mind's "active" self-organizing ability

question

Wundt's term voluntarism reflects his emphasis on the ____. a. idea that a stimulus in the environment can force us to pay attention b. elements of consciousness c. power of the will to organize the contents of the mind d. individual's choice to apply his/her knowledge base to a situation e. ability of the individual to "make the nonconscious conscious"

answer

power of the will to organize the contents of the mind

question

Wundt's theory of feelings was based on ____. a. Fechner's discovery of the pleasure principle b. Weber's earlier work on emotions c. his own introspections d. retrospective reports of trained observers e. Fechner's Law (S = k log R)

answer

his own introspections

question

For Wundt, the subject matter of experimental psychology was consciousness. True False

answer

true

question

According to Wundt, the stimulation of a sense organ sufficiently to have the nerve impulse reach the brain defines a(n) ____. a. perception b. afferent response c. sensation d. cognition e. reflex

answer

sensation

question

Research suggests that many psychology historians consider ____ to be the most important psychologist of all time. a. Freud b. Wundt c. Fechner d. Ebbinghaus e. Titchener

answer

wundt

question

Wundt's doctrine of apperception was also known as the ____. a. principle of creative synthesis b. law of psychic resultants c. principle of psychic compounding d. law of Gestalt resultants e. law of creative resultants

answer

law of psychic resultants

question

According to Wundt, psychology should be concerned with the study of ____. a. the different stages of childhood development b. the time required for sensory organs to transmit impulses to consciousness c. mediate experience d. conscious experience e. immediate experience

answer

immediate experience

question

The first system or school of thought in psychology was called ____. a. voluntarism by Wundt b. cultural psychology by Wundt c. volkerpsychologie by Wundt d. structuralism in Germany and functionalism in the United States e. structuralism by Wundt's student, Titchener

answer

voluntarism by Wundt

question

The Gestalt psychologists' best-known tenet is that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. This same tenet was alleged in Wundt's principle of ____. a. emotions b. feelings c. apperception d. sensations e. the tridimensional theory of feelings

answer

apperception

question

As Wundt stated in the Original Source Material on the Law of Psychic Resultants and the Principle of Creative Synthesis from the Outline of Psychology (1896), the ____ "finds its expression in the fact that every psychical compound shows attributes which may...be understood from the attributes of its elements...but which are by no means to be looked upon as the mere sum of the attributes of these elements. a. use of physical measurements b. use of psychic measurement c. principle of creative synthesis d. concept of habit e. law of psychic resultants

answer

law of psychic resultants

question

For Wundt, feelings are ____. a. based on three dimensions including pleasure/displeasure b. a complex idea c. derived directly from a sense organ d. the same as sensations e. complex compounds of elementary emotions

answer

based on three dimensions including pleasure/displeasure

question

Wundt's most important contribution to psychology was ____. a. "selling" psychology to the scientific community b. describing psychology as an experimental science c. beginning the first psychological journal d. his publications, which are still widely read today e. All of the above

answer

All of the above ("selling" psychology to the scientific community; describing psychology as an experimental science; beginning the first psychological journal; his publications, which are still widely used today)

question

Which of the following is NOT one of Wundt's experimental conditions? a. The observations must be repeatable. b. It must be possible to control and manipulate the stimuli. c. Observers must be able to determine when the process is to begin. d. Observers must be able to describe the qualitative aspects of their experiences. e. Observers must be in a state of readiness.

answer

Observers must be able to describe the qualitative aspects of their experiences

question

According to Wundt, ____ has/have "to do with objective masses, forces, and energies" while ____ has/have "to do with subjective values and ends." a. psychical measurements; physical measurements b. creative synthesis; the law of psychic resultants c. the law of psychic resultants; creative synthesis d. physical measurements; psychical measurements e. None of the choices are correct.

answer

physical measurements; psychical measurements

question

Which of the following is not a reason for decline of Wundt's approach to psychology? a. Wundt's approach was overshadowed by the development of Gestalt psychology in Germany and psychoanalysis in Austria. b. German universities did not have the economic resources to support scientific psychology. c. The pragmatic culture of the United States precluded Wundt's system. d. Wundt's theories were difficult to understand. Therefore, he attracted very few students to his work. e. Wundt's approach represented a pure science of psychology with little opportunity for practical application.

answer

Wundt's theories were difficult to understand. Therefore, he attracted very few students to his work

question

Introspection as used by Wundt is also called ____. a. retrospection b. internal perception c. the method of limits d. internal observation e. the method of constant stimuli

answer

internal perception

question

Which of the following is NOT one of Wundt's goals for his psychology? a. To determine how the elements of consciousness are synthesized b. To analyze conscious processes c. To identify the principles that govern the synthesis of those elements into higher cognitive processes such as learning d. To identify the basic elements of consciousness e. To determine the principles of the linking that occurs in the organization of the elements

answer

To identify the principles that govern the synthesis of those elements into higher cognitive processes such as learning

question

Which of the following are the three dimensions of Wundt's tridimensional theory of feelings? a. clarity/opaqueness; tension/relaxation; excitement/depression. b. tension/ relaxation; pleasure/depression; clarity/opaqueness. c. intensity/extensity; immediacy/delay; pleasure/displeasure. d. pleasure/displeasure; tension/relaxation; excitement/depression. e. pleasure/pain; tension/relief; mania/depression.

answer

pleasure/displeasure tension/relaxation excitement/depression

question

The law of psychic resultants governs ____. a. the mechanical linking (association) of mental elements into complex ideas ** b. perception c. the production of images and their retention d. the organization of mental elements e. the mechanical linking (association) of mental elements into simple ideas **

answer

a. **

question

Which statement best describes the basic content of the Original Source Material by Wundt? a. Psychology studies how the conscious mind uses mental elements to conceal unconsciousness processes. b. Psychology is concerned with the complete listing of mental elements and how these mental elements combine according to the principles of association to form states of consciousness. c. Psychology is concerned with the study of how the brain controls mental processes. d. Psychology is concerned with how the active powers of the mind synthesize mental elements into states of consciousness. e. Psychology studies how the mind comes to have innate knowledge.

answer

Psychology is concerned with how the active powers of the mind synthesize mental elements into states of consciousness.

question

Wundt's doctrine of apperception refers to ____. a. the breaking down of mental elements b. perception c. the process of training introspective observers over 10,000 observations d. the process of organizing mental elements into a whole e. None of the choices are correct

answer

the process of organizing mental elements into a whole

question

Wundtian psychology in Germany was slow to develop because ____. a. experimentation was not valued b. Germans were resistant to introspection c. there were not enough journals and textbooks d. it was not seen as having practical value e. Wundt could not adequately distinguish between feelings and sensations

answer

it was not seen as having a practical value

question

In the Original Source Material, Wundt states that ,"the law of psychical resultants expresses a principle that is the opposite of the principle of creative synthesis". True False

answer

false

question

Wundt classified sensations according to which characteristics? a. sense modality, clearness, and quality b. intensity and extensity c. intensity, duration, and sense modality d. clearness, quality, and duration e. reaction time and intensity

answer

intensity, duration, and sense modality

question

If you look at a rose and observe, "The rose is red," you are observing the ____. a. elements of experience b. stimulus error c. basic human experience d. mediate experience e. immediate experience

answer

mediate experience

question

For Wundt, the difference between sensations and images was ____. a. that images are weaker than sensations b. that sensations last for microseconds, whereas images can be retained in memory for indeterminate periods of time c. nonexistent d. that images are what today we call perceptions e. that images have a longer duration than sensations

answer

nonexistent

question

In Wundt's laboratory, introspection was used to assess ____. a. sensations b. immediate experience c. feelings d. mediate experience e. stimulus intensities

answer

immediate experience

question

Wundt's modification of introspection was the ____. a. comparison of normal subjects' reports of elements of consciousness with reports. of hallucinations by psychiatric patients and by those using drugs such as cocaine b. use of children as observers (subjects) c. use of experimental controls d. analysis of mediate experience into immediate experience and its confounds e. quantification of the sensations in accord with Fechner's Law

answer

use of experimental controls

question

The ultimate fate of Wundt's laboratory at Leipzig was that it ____. a. was destroyed by allied bombing raids in World War II b. was destroyed in World War II but rebuilt as a historical museum c. is still a productive research facility d. was destroyed by the Gestapo in World War II e. is still in existence but serves solely as a historical attraction

answer

was destroyed by Allied bombing raids in WWII

question

According to Wundt, there were two elementary forms of experience, namely ____. a. sensation and feelings b. sensation and perception c. sensation and images d. immediate experience and mediate experience e. images and feelings

answer

sensation and feelings

question

Wundt's observers used introspection to report ____. a. judgments about the size and intensity of physical stimuli b. their reaction times c. the processes of sensing and perceiving d. retrospective accounts of their experiences e. All of the above choices are correct

answer

judgements about the size and intensity of physical stimuli

question

Stumph's phenomenology was similar to Wundt's introspection. True False

answer

true

question

Kulpe had his research subjects report their mental experiences before they occurred. True False

answer

false, Oswald Kulpe had his subjects report their mental experiences retroactively, from memory

question

Like Wundt, Brentano advocated study of the content of consciousness. True False

answer

false, Rather than study the "content" of memory, Brentano proposed studying the "activity" involved in "getting things into consciousness"

question

Kulpe focused his research on mental processes. True False

answer

true

question

Ebbinghaus demonstrated a method to study learning and memory. True False

answer

true

question

While conducting his research, Ebbinghaus used ____. a. a laboratory to systematically test 20 subjects at a time b. over 1,000 subjects c. a method to "erase" memories d. fewer than 10 subjects at a time e. a single subject

answer

a single subject

question

As his measure of learning, Ebbinghaus adapted a method from ____. a. the Cartesian dualists b. the psychophysicists c. the early mentalists d. Wundt's lab e. the associationists

answer

the associationists

question

Ebbinghaus and König argued that psychology and physiology ____. a. are inseparable halves of a new great double science b. must unite to remove introspection and replace it with experimentation in the new science c. must each address classic problems from philosophy d. must remain parallel and together but not intersect while studying the mind-body problem e. must be separated if the new science was to flourish

answer

are inseparable halves of a new great double science

question

Titchener noted that the first significant advance in the study of learning since Aristotle was ____. a. the influence of the basic elements of sensation and feeling on the rate of learning b. Wundt's experimental methods c. the development of the nonsense syllable d. the use of introspection e. the conceptualization of imageless thought

answer

the development of the nonsense syllable

question

The significance of Ebbinghaus's work is in his ____. a. rigorous use of experimental control and his quantitative analysis of data b. use of large numbers of subjects to replicate his experiments c. tolerance for boredom d. finding that longer material takes more time to learn e. ability to further the approach and findings of Wundt

answer

rigorous use of the experimental control and his quantitative analysis of data

question

Ebbinghaus developed a(n) ____ considered by some to be the first successful test of higher mental process and used today, in modified form, in cognitive ability tests. a. memory and retention exercise b. problem-solving template c. ability test of memorization d. sentence-completion exercise e. tolerance of boredom

answer

sentence-completion exercise

question

Stumpf's method of observation was ____. a. systematic experimental introspection b. phenomenology c. retrospection d. introspection e. insight

answer

phenomenology

question

Act psychology, in contrast to Wundt's approach, claimed that psychology should ____. a. study mental processes or functions and not mental structure b. be concerned with the development of rigorous methods of scientific research in the laboratory c. try to analyze consciousness into discrete mental states called "moments" d. actively fight for its place in the academic world e. incorporate the study of music into laboratory research

answer

study mental processes or functions and not mental structure

question

This popular lecturer at the University of Vienna influenced many students including von Ehrenfels and Freud and was the intellectual antecedent of Gestalt psychology and humanistic psychology. a. Oswald Külpe b. Hermann Ebbinghaus c. Carl Stumpf d. Franz Brentano e. Edward Titchener

answer

Franz Brentano

question

Ebbinghaus' curve of forgetting shows that ____. a. the decay theory of forgetting is essentially correct b. material is forgotten rapidly in the first hours after learning and then the forgetting slows down c. material learned first is forgotten last d. forgetting occurs at a gradual, even rate across time e. material is forgotten slowly in the first hours after learning and then the forgetting speeds up

answer

material is forgotten rapidly in the first hours after learning and then the forgetting slows down

question

The subject matter of psychology is the act of experiencing, according to ____. a. Brentano b. Ebbinhaus c. Stumpf d. Titchener e. Wundt

answer

Brentano

question

Ebbinghaus measured the rate of human learning by ____. a. using an a priori method b. counting associations that had already been formed c. looking at the relationship between a behavior and its consequence d. making it more objective e. counting the number of repetitions needed for one perfect reproduction of the material

answer

counting the number of repetitions needed for one perfect reproduction of the material

question

Brentano's system of psychology was called ____ psychology. a. Content b. Memory c. Sense d. Cognitive e. Act

answer

Act

question

Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint (1874) was the major contribution to psychology from ____. a. Stumpf b. Brentano c. Wundt d. Titchener e. Ebbinghaus

answer

Brentano

question

Ebbinghaus is important for the history of psychology because he ____. a. taught Freud and influenced humanism and Gestalt psychology b. successfully challenged Wundt's claim that higher mental processes, such as learning and memory, could not be studied in the laboratory c. wrote the first definitive work on child psychology d. united with Gestalt psychology to oppose the spread of Wundt's psychology in Germany e. used reaction times to measure the speed of recalling information from memory

answer

successfully challenged Wundt's claim that higher mental processes, such as learning and memory, could not be studied in the laboratory

question

For Brentano, the primary research method was ____. a. observation b. factor analysis c. functional analysis d. psychoanalysis e. experimentation

answer

observation

question

What was "meaningless" for Ebbinghaus? a. The use of introspection b. Each series of syllables created for his research c. Each syllable created for his research d. A mathematical approach to psychological phenomena e. Having a specific criterion to identify when learning had occurred

answer

Each series of syllables created for his research

question

____ work on ____ was the first "venture into a truly psychological problem area" rather than on physiology. a. Wundt's; sensation b. Ebbinghaus'; learning c. Fechner's; psychophysics d. Brentano's; mental activity e. none of the other choices

answer

Ebbinghaus learning

question

Ebbinghaus's focus of study was on the ____. a. evolutionary theory as it applied to the mind b. nature of the mind/body problem c. examination of associations that were already formed d. initial formation of associations e. work of Helmholtz

answer

initial formation of associations

question

The fundamental purpose of creating nonsense syllables is to ____. a. assess word associations that are not influenced by unconscious material b. offset the influence of past reinforcements and punishments that one may associate with certain words c. control for apperception d. control for previous learning e. be able to replicate the research in all languages that use the same alphabet

answer

control for previous learning

question

This person was influenced by Fechner's rigid and systematic use of measurement in developing his own methods for researching higher level cognitive processes. a. Hermann Ebbinghaus b. Georg Elias Müller c. Hermann von Helmholtz d. Oswald Külpe e. Carl Stumpf

answer

Hermann Ebbinghaus

question

While Wundt had argued that learning and memory could not be studied experimentally, who soon proved him wrong? a. Ebbinghaus b. Külpe c. Brentano d. Titchener e. Galton

answer

Ebbinghaus

question

Given that many of his research findings remain valid today, ____ can be seen as more influential than ____. a. Ebbinghaus; Wundt b. Wundt; Ebbinghaus c. Wundt; Brentano d. König; Brentano e. Brentano; König

answer

Ebbinghaus Wundt

question

Act psychologists argued that the two ways of systematically studying mental acts were ____. a. introspection and retrospection b. learning and imagination c. memory and imagination d. experimentation and empiricism e. learning and memory

answer

memory and imagination

question

Other than Stumpf's research, his greatest influence on psychology may have been ____. a. the discovery of imageless thought and the ensuing debate with Wundt b. the legitimization of untrained observers to do introspection in experimental research c. the legitimization of music as a therapy for mentally ill and developmentally disabled persons d. educating the founders of Gestalt psychology e. the legitimization of introspection as an experimental technique

answer

educating the founders of Gestalt psychology

question

The psychological study of music was pioneered by ____. a. Helmholtz b. Fechner c. Wundt d. Külpe e. Stumpf

answer

Stumpf

question

When Ebbinghaus compared the speed of memorizing lists of nonsense syllables versus stanzas of a poem he found that ____. a. each stanza had 80 syllables, requiring 80 repetitions while it required 9 readings to memorize 80 syllables from the meaningless list b. it is not possible to construct an association-free syllable c. meaningless material is nine times harder to learn than meaningful material d. it is possible to construct an association-free syllable e. Byron's poem, "Don Juan," was so uninteresting that stanzas from took longer to learn than did lists of syllables

answer

meaningless material is 9 times harder to learn than meaninful material

question

What may be "the most brilliant single investigation in the history of experimental psychology"? a. Ebbinghaus's On Forgetting b. Ebbinghaus's On Memory c. Wundt's On Forgetting d. Titchener's A Summary of Psychology e. Titchener's On Memory

answer

Ebbinghaus's On Memory

question

"Association" was the mechanism of Titchner's Structuralism. True False

answer

true

question

Titchner embraced Wundt's "apperception." True False

answer

false, discarded Wundt's "apperception"

question

Titchner was in favor of child development psychology. True False

answer

false, opposed child development psyc

question

Titchner defined "mind" as the "sum of a person's experiences accumulated over a lifetime." True False

answer

true

question

The "stimulus error" was mistakenly eating the stimulus. True False

answer

false, confusing the mental experience of consciousness with the "object" of consciousness

question

The sum of our experiences as they exist at a particular moment is Titchener's definition of ____. a. perception b. consciousness c. mind d. conscious experience e. apperception

answer

consciousness

question

Subjects in Titchener's laboratory were asked to ____. a. swallow a stomach tube b. record their sensations and feelings during urination and defecation c. make notes of their sensations and feelings during sexual intercourse d. attach measuring devices to their bodies to record their physiological responses during sexual intercourse e. All of the choices are correct

answer

All of the above

question

Who said psychology was NOT in the business of curing sick minds? a. Comte b. Wundt c. James d. Titchener e. Külpe

answer

Titchener

question

____ was the first American woman to receive a Ph.D. degree in psychology. a. Margaret Mead b. Margaret Floy Washburn c. Karen Horney d. Christine Ladd-Franklin e. Cora Friedline

answer

Margaret Floy Washburn

question

Who defined the subject matter of psychology as being a conscious experience as that experience is dependent on the person who is actually experiencing it? a. Wundt b. Titchener c. Washburn d. Külpe e. Comte

answer

Titchener

question

Titchener discarded aspects of Wundt's system, including ____. a. his focus on consciousness b. introspection c. apperception d. elements of consciousness e. none of the choices are correct; Titchener retained virtually all of Wundt's system

answer

apperception

question

The school of structuralism includes the work and/or systems of which of the following? a. Wundt b. Külpe c. Titchener d. both Wundt and Külpe e. both Wundt and Titchener

answer

Titchener

question

Titchener excluded women from the meetings of the Titchener Experimentalists because women: a. were believed unable to grasp the pure research methods of experimentation. b. were too pure to smoke. c. could not be admitted without their husbands, and none had married experimental psychologists. d. were not admitted to graduate programs in psychology. e. psychologists were almost exclusively engaged in applied research.

answer

were too pure to smoke

question

For many of his early years at Cornell, Titchener was known as "the professor in charge of ____ ." a. coin collecting b. correspondence c. everything d. philosophy e. music

answer

music

question

Titchener's definition of the appropriate subject matter of psychology is ____. a. conscious experience b. anything that could be observed scientifically c. both conscious and unconscious experiences d. behavioral events e. mental and behavioral events

answer

conscious experience

question

Titchener's manner with his students during lectures was one of ____. a. formality b. concern c. humility d. good humor e. All of the choices are correct

answer

formality

question

Titchener vigorously cautioned experimental psychologists about the stimulus error, that is, about ____. a. describing feelings instead of sensations b. describing the observed object rather than the experience of it c. describing qualities of the stimulus instead of quantities d. assuming a one-to-one correspondence between the stimulus and its perception e. assuming a logarithmic relationship between the strength of the objective stimulus and the intensity of the psychological experience of the stimulus

answer

describing the observed object rather than the experience of it

question

Who defined the subject matter of psychology as being a conscious experience as that experience is dependent on the person who is actually experiencing it? a. Titchener b. Washburn c. Külpe d. Comte e. Wundt

answer

Titchener

question

If you described the test you are now taking as being on paper, you would not be giving a true introspective report of your conscious experience according to Titchener. In introspection, to use everyday words such as "paper" is to ____. a. use abbreviated syntax b. be a rational human being c. reason illogically d. commit the stimulus error e. deny reality

answer

commit the stimulus error

question

Who was Titchener's first doctoral student? a. Comte b. Ladd-Franklin c. Friedline d. Dallenbach e. Washburn

answer

washburn

question

One of the main reasons that Titchener's thought was believed to closely parallel that of Wundt was that Titchener ____. a. did not, himself, have any creative ideas b. did not depart from Wundtian ideas in any significant manner c. took great care to scrupulously present all of Wundt's ideas, whether he agreed with them or not d. was Wundt's cousin e. translated Wundt's books from German into English

answer

translated Wundt's books from German into English

question

While Wundt emphasized ____ and ____ reports during introspection, Titchener used ____ and ____ introspective reports. a. objective, qualitative; subjective, quantitative b. objective, quantitative; subjective, qualitative c. subjective, quantitative; objective; qualitative d. subjective, qualitative; objective, quantitative e. perceptive, brief; sensation, extended

answer

objective, quantitative subjective, qualitative

question

Titchner eventually dropped the concept of mental elements. True False

answer

true

question

Structuralism died along with Titchner. True False

answer

true

question

Margaret Washburn was Titchner's landlady. True False

answer

false, first female psychology PhD student

question

Titchner wanted to discover the "adams" of the mind. True False

answer

false, atoms

question

"Images" are mental experiences that arise from our memories. True False

answer

true

question

Titchener's research identified three elements of consciousness: sensations, affective states, and ____. a. elements of emotion b. subliminal perception c. perception d. behavioral intention e. images

answer

images

question

When Titchener died, the era of structuralism collapsed. True False

answer

true

question

Titchener's research led him to conclude that affective states had only ____ dimension(s); namely ____. a. two; pleasure/displeasure and tension/ relaxation b. one; pleasure/displeasure c. one; tension/relaxation d. two; pleasure/displeasure and excitement/depression e. one; excitement/depression

answer

one pleasure/displeasure

question

The English physician ____ wrote "due to the extent of the pathology of mind, self-report is hardly to be trusted." a. Gray b. Turner c. Berkeley d. Maudsley e. Mill

answer

Maudsley

question

Which of Titchener's basic elements of consciousness does not possess clearness? a. perceptions b. apperceptions c. affective states d. limens e. ideas

answer

affective states

question

Titchener's view of the field of psychology was ____. a. breathtakingly broad b. more encompassing than most critics then and now realized c. too limited to embrace new work and dimensions d. not shared by others but widely respected nonetheless e. one of his most lasting contributions

answer

too limited to embrace new work and dimensions

question

In terms of describing the method of introspection, Titchener ____. a. relied on Wundt's definition b. used inspection and retrospection c. used Comte's operational definition d. had difficulty defining exactly what he meant e. defined it with the precision of an Oxford scholar

answer

had difficulty defining exactly what he meant

question

The influence of mechanism on Titchener is exemplified in his ____. a. atomism b. use of the dehumanizing term subjects rather than observers c. elementism d. determinism e. use of the chemistry term reagents instead of observers

answer

use of the chemistry term reagents instead of observers

question

Which of the following is NOT one of the three essential problems for psychology, according to Titchener? a. to reduce conscious processes to their simplest components b. to study how these components were synthesized into higher-level processes c. to determine laws by which these elements of consciousness were associated d. to connect these elements with their physiological correlates e. None of the answers is correct.

answer

to study how these components were synthesized into higher-level processes

question

The idea of developing an introspective language was ____. a. never realized b. not of interest to Titchener c. an idea whose time had come d. really a form of inspection e. carefully controlled

answer

never realized

question

Which of the following statements is true about the status of the introspective method in modern psychology? a. The introspective method has been abandoned in all fields of modern psychology. b. The cognitive field of research is still debating whether introspection is a legitimate research method. c. Psychophysics in the only area of modern research that still continues to use introspection. d. Several areas of modern psychology, such as clinical and industrial/organizational, use the introspective method. e. None of the choices are correct.

answer

several areas of modern psychology, such as clinical and industrial/organizational, use the introspective method

question

For Titchener, distinct sensations combined with others to form ____. a. perceptions and ideas b. affective states c. emotions d. apperceptions e. beliefs

answer

perceptions and ideas

question

Titchener's graduate student observers were instructed to ignore certain classes of words called ____ words. a. error b. meaning c. distractor d. stimulus e. reagent

answer

meaning

question

A century before Titchener's work the philosopher ____ wrote that the act of introspection itself altered the conscious experience being studied. a. Kant b. Descartes c. Hume d. Mill e. Locke

answer

Kant

question

By the 1920s the term used by Titchener for his system of psychology was ____. a. introspection b. behaviorism c. functionalism d. existential e. voluntarism

answer

existential

question

With Titchener's structuralism as an idea to oppose, psychology ____. a. moved far beyond his initial boundaries b. made few advances in the United States c. became even more mysterious d. went from an emphasis on applied research to an emphasis on basic research e. None of the choices are correct

answer

moved far beyond his initial boundaries

question

In his treatment of women, Titchener ____. a. showed unflagging protest to women in academic appointments b. wanted nothing more than a male dominated profession c. gave no notable contribution d. provided unwavering support of the advancement of women e. demonstrated both support of and obstruction of women in psychology

answer

demonstrated both support and obstruction of women in psyc

question

In his early work when he was his own experimental subject, the 29-year-old Wilhelm Wundt found that he could ____. A. pay attention to two things at once B. not pay attention to two things at once C. pay attention to two things at once, but not three D. pay attention to three things at once, but not four E. sustain his attention on one thing for a little less than 12 minutes at a time

answer

not not pay attention to two things at once

question

What book marks the "literary birth" of the new science of psychology? A. Müller's Handbook of Physiology of Mankind (1833-1840) B. Helmholtz's Handbook of Physiological Optics (1856-1866) C. Fechner's Elements of Psychophysics (1860) D. Wundt's Contributions to the Theory of Sensory Perception (1858-1862) E. Fechner's Elements of Psychophysics (1860) and Wundt's Contributions to the Theory of Sensory Perception (1858-1862)

answer

Fechner's Elements of Psychophysics (1860) and Wundt's Contributions to the Theory of Sensory Perception (1858-1862)

question

Wundt's system is most accurately called ____. A. structural psychology B. experimental psychology C. physiological psychology D. psychophysics E. reductionism

answer

experimental psychology

question

Wundt's influence was so widely felt that, as a tribute, his lab was later replicated in ____. A. the United States and Sweden B. Italy and Japan C. Russia and the United States D. Sweden and Italy E. Japan and Russia

answer

Japan and Russia

question

The cultural psychology of Wundt examined evidence from ____. A. studies of children and their thinking B. examination of language, myths, customs, law, and morals C. philosophy D. experimentation E. a content analysis of contemporary newspapers

answer

examination of language, myths, customs, law, and morals

question

Wundt's productivity as a writer can be quantified by his output, which averaged ____. A. 5 pages a day for over 50 years B. 2.2 pages a day for over 50 years C. 1.5 pages a day for approximately 25 years D. 4.7 pages a day for approximately 15 years E. just about 1 page a day for his working life

answer

2.2 pages a day for over 50 years

question

The first system or school of thought in psychology was called ____. A. cultural psychology by Wundt B. voluntarism by Wundt C. structuralism by Wundt's student, Titchener D. structuralism in Germany and functionalism in the United States E. volkerpsychologie by Wundt

answer

voluntarism by Wundt

question

In Wundt's laboratory, introspection was used to assess ____. A. immediate experience B. mediate experience C. sensations D. feelings E. stimulus intensities

answer

immediate experience

question

If you look at a rose and observe, "The rose is red," you are observing the ____. A. mediate experience B. immediate experience C. basic human experience D. stimulus error E. elements of experience

answer

mediate experience

question

Wundt's modification of introspection was the ____. A. use of experimental controls B. quantification of the sensations in accord with Fechner's Law C. analysis of mediate experience into immediate experience and its confounds D. use of children as observers (subjects) E. comparison of normal subjects' reports of elements of consciousness with reports. of hallucinations by psychiatric patients and by those using drugs such as cocaine

answer

use of experimental controls

question

Wundt's observers used introspection to report ____. A. judgments about the size and intensity of physical stimuli B. their reaction times C. the processes of sensing and perceiving D. retrospective accounts of their experiences E. All of the above choices are correct

answer

judgments about the size and intensity of physical stimuli

question

According to Wundt, the stimulation of a sense organ sufficiently to have the nerve impulse reach the brain defines a(n) ____. A. reflex B. afferent response C. sensation D. perception E. cognition

answer

sensation

question

For Wundt, the difference between sensations and images was ____. A. nonexistent B. that images are weaker than sensations C. that images have a longer duration than sensations D. that images are what today we call perceptions E. that sensations last for microseconds, whereas images can be retained in memory for indeterminate periods of time

answer

nonexistent

question

For Wundt, feelings are ____. A. the same as sensations B. based on three dimensions including pleasure/displeasure C. derived directly from a sense organ D. complex compounds of elementary emotions E. a complex idea

answer

based on three dimensions, including pleasure/displeasure

question

Which of the following are the three dimensions of Wundt's tridimensional theory of feelings? A. pleasure/displeasure; tension/relaxation; excitement/depression. B. clarity/opaqueness; tension/relaxation; excitement/depression. C. tension/ relaxation; pleasure/depression; clarity/opaqueness. D. pleasure/pain; tension/relief; mania/depression. E. intensity/extensity; immediacy/delay; pleasure/displeasure

answer

pleasure/displeasure tension/relaxation excitement/depression

question

Wundt's doctrine of apperception was also known as the ____. A. principle of creative synthesis B. law of psychic resultants C. principle of psychic compounding D. law of Gestalt resultants E. law of creative resultants

answer

law of psychic resultants

question

The Gestalt psychologists' best-known tenet is that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. This same tenet was alleged in Wundt's principle of ____. A. sensations B. feelings C. emotions D. the tridimensional theory of feelings E. apperception

answer

apperception

question

Which statement best describes the basic content of the Original Source Material by Wundt? A. Psychology studies how the mind comes to have innate knowledge. B. Psychology is concerned with the study of how the brain controls mental processes. C. Psychology studies how the conscious mind uses mental elements to conceal unconsciousness processes. D. Psychology is concerned with the complete listing of mental elements and how these mental elements combine according to the principles of association to form states of consciousness. E. Psychology is concerned with how the active powers of the mind synthesize mental elements into states of consciousness.

answer

psychology is concerned with how the active powers of the mind synthesize mental elements into states of consciousness

question

According to Wundt, ____ has/have "to do with objective masses, forces, and energies" while ____ has/have "to do with subjective values and ends." A. psychical measurements; physical measurements B. creative synthesis; the law of psychic resultants C. the law of psychic resultants; creative synthesis D. physical measurements; psychical measurements E. None of the choices are correct.

answer

physical measurements; psychical measurements

question

Which of the following is not a reason for decline of Wundt's approach to psychology? A. Wundt's approach represented a pure science of psychology with little opportunity for practical application. B. German universities did not have the economic resources to support scientific psychology. C. Wundt's theories were difficult to understand. Therefore, he attracted very few students to his work. D. Wundt's approach was overshadowed by the development of Gestalt psychology in Germany and psychoanalysis in Austria. E. The pragmatic culture of the United States precluded Wundt's system.

answer

wundt's theories were difficult to understand

question

Research suggests that many psychology historians consider ____ to be the most important psychologist of all time. A. Wundt B. Freud C. Fechner D. Titchener E. Ebbinghaus

answer

Wundt

question

While Wundt had argued that learning and memory could not be studied experimentally, who soon proved him wrong? A. Titchener B. Ebbinghaus C. Külpe D. Brentano E. Galton

answer

Ebbinghaus

question

This person was influenced by Fechner's rigid and systematic use of measurement in developing his own methods for researching higher level cognitive processes. A. Georg Elias Müller B. Hermann von Helmholtz C. Carl Stumpf D. Hermann Ebbinghaus E. Oswald Külpe

answer

Hermann Ebbinghaus

question

____ work on ____ was the first "venture into a truly psychological problem area" rather than on physiology. A. Wundt's; sensation B. Ebbinghaus'; learning C. Fechner's; psychophysics D. Brentano's; mental activity E. none of the other choices

answer

Ebbinghaus' learning

question

As his measure of learning, Ebbinghaus adapted a method from ____. A. the psychophysicists B. Wundt's lab C. the early mentalists D. the Cartesian dualists E. the associationists

answer

the associationists

question

Titchener noted that the first significant advance in the study of learning since Aristotle was ____. A. Wundt's experimental methods B. the use of introspection C. the influence of the basic elements of sensation and feeling on the rate of learning D. the development of the nonsense syllable E. the conceptualization of imageless thought

answer

development of the nonsense syllable

question

What was "meaningless" for Ebbinghaus? A. The use of introspection B. A mathematical approach to psychological phenomena C. Each syllable created for his research D. Each series of syllables created for his research E. Having a specific criterion to identify when learning had occurred

answer

each series of syllables created for his research

question

What may be "the most brilliant single investigation in the history of experimental psychology"? A. Ebbinghaus's On Memory B. Titchener's On Memory C. Wundt's On Forgetting D. Ebbinghaus's On Forgetting E. Titchener's A Summary of Psychology

answer

Ebbinghaus's On Memory

question

Ebbinghaus' curve of forgetting shows that ____. A. material is forgotten slowly in the first hours after learning and then the forgetting speeds up B. the decay theory of forgetting is essentially correct C. material learned first is forgotten last D. material is forgotten rapidly in the first hours after learning and then the forgetting slows down E. forgetting occurs at a gradual, even rate across time

answer

material is forgotten rapidly in the first few hours after learning and then the forgetting slows down

question

Ebbinghaus developed a(n) ____ considered by some to be the first successful test of higher mental process and used today, in modified form, in cognitive ability tests. A. problem-solving template B. ability test of memorization C. sentence-completion exercise D. tolerance of boredom E. memory and retention exercise

answer

sentence-completion exercise

question

Given that many of his research findings remain valid today, ____ can be seen as more influential than ____. A. Ebbinghaus; Wundt B. Wundt; Ebbinghaus C. König; Brentano D. Wundt; Brentano E. Brentano; König

answer

Ebbinghaus Wundt

question

This popular lecturer at the University of Vienna influenced many students including von Ehrenfels and Freud and was the intellectual antecedent of Gestalt psychology and humanistic psychology. A. Edward Titchener B. Hermann Ebbinghaus C. Franz Brentano D. Oswald Külpe E. Carl Stumpf

answer

Franz Brentano

question

The subject matter of psychology is the act of experiencing, according to ____. A. Wundt B. Ebbinhaus C. Brentano D. Stumpf E. Titchener

answer

Brentano

question

Act psychology, in contrast to Wundt's approach, claimed that psychology should ____. A. try to analyze consciousness into discrete mental states called "moments" B. actively fight for its place in the academic world C. be concerned with the development of rigorous methods of scientific research in the laboratory D. incorporate the study of music into laboratory research E. study mental processes or functions and not mental structure

answer

study mental processes or functions and not mental structure

question

Other than Stumpf's research, his greatest influence on psychology may have been ____. A. educating the founders of Gestalt psychology B. the legitimization of music as a therapy for mentally ill and developmentally disabled persons C. the legitimization of introspection as an experimental technique D. the legitimization of untrained observers to do introspection in experimental research E. the discovery of imageless thought and the ensuing debate with Wundt

answer

educating the founders of Gestalt psychology

question

Stumpf's method of observation was ____. A. phenomenology B. retrospection C. introspection D. systematic experimental introspection E. insight

answer

phenomenology

question

Stumpf and Wundt engaged in a bitter fight over the topic of ____. A. phenomenology B. the introspection of tones C. music as mediate experience D. imageless thought E. classical music

answer

introspection of tones

question

Systematic experimental introspection involves ____. A. retrospection B. introspection C. the presentation of sensory stimuli D. the performance of a complex task E. retrospection and the performance of a complex task

answer

retrospection and the performance of a complex task

question

Külpe's identification of nonsensory aspects or contents of consciousness refuted Wundt's ____. A. contention that the sole mental elements were sensations or images B. contention that emotions are composed of simple feelings and can be reduced to them C. contention that feelings are the subjective complements of sensations D. research on sensations E. findings on voluntarism

answer

contention that the sole mental elements were sensations or images

question

Marbe and Watt extended the work and influence of the Würzburg school with their ____. A. discovery of imageless thought B. discovery of the influence of the unconscious mind C. reduction of imageless thoughts to nonconscious memories of sensations D. identification of a method to retrieve unconscious material E. experimental work on nonconscious learning (subliminal perception)

answer

discovery of the influence of the unconscious mind

question

Functionalism was the end of searching for the "elements" of consciousness. True False

answer

true

question

Functionalism was replaced by Structuralism. True False

answer

false, structuralism was replaced by functionalism

question

The mechanism for the theory of evolution is artificial selection. True False

answer

False, artificial selection

question

Darwin's theory of evolution bridged the mental functioning between animals and humans. True False

answer

true

question

Functionalists ask questions like "What is the function of consciousness?" True False

answer

true

question

In his book ____, Darwin emphasized the similarity between human and animal mental processes. a. The Descent of Man b. On the Origin of Species c. The Phylogeny of Thought d. The Ascent of Man e. The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals

answer

The descent of Man

question

The most fundamental point of Darwin's theses was the ____. a. normal distribution of traits in a population b. heritability of variations c. process of natural selection d. fact of variation among members of the species e. tenet of survival of the fittest

answer

fact of variation among members of the species

question

Today, scientists are sometimes portrayed as offering science as a new religion or as being enemies of religion. This stance could be traced to ____. a. Wilberforce b. Darwin c. Huxley d. Hooker e. Lyell

answer

Huxley

question

Darwin's position on Lamarck's idea that changes due to experiences can be inherited was the ____ of Lamarck's ____. a. replacement; doctrine with the doctrine of social Darwinism b. acceptance; doctrine c. total rejection; doctrine d. synthesis; ideas with Galton's theory of the normal distribution e. replacement; doctrine with the variability hypothesis

answer

acceptance; doctrine

question

In the Original Source Material from his autobiography, Charles Darwin described himself as ____. a. having "no great quickness of apprehension or wit" b. "a poor critic" c. "moderate abilities" d. possessing a "love of natural science [which] has been steady and ardent" e. All of the choices are correct.

answer

all of the choices are correct

question

The essential difference between Wallace's theory of evolution and Darwin's was that the work of the former ____. a. did not have empirical data to support it b. was a restatement of Spencer's ideas c. was suppressed by Darwin d. was a restatement of Lamarck's ideas e. included the heritability of acquired traits

answer

did not have empirical data to support it

question

One of the early sources of modern child psychology was an article in 1877 by ____. a. J. M. Cattell b. K. Pearson c. C. Darwin d. F. Galton e. E. Darwin

answer

C. Darwin

question

____ was an early evolutionary theorist who argued that acquired characteristics could be inherited. a. Charles Darwin b. Charles Lyell c. Bain d. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck e. Erasmus Darwin

answer

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

question

Which of the of the following statements best summarizes the protest of functional psychology against Wundt and Titchener? a. Functional psychology proposed that more mental elements exist than allowed by Wundt and Titchener. b. Functional psychology emphasized that Wundt's and Titchener's approaches to psychology were too broad and included too many topics of study. c. Functional psychology claimed that Wundt's and Titchener's approaches were too restrictive because they did not study the practical value of mental processes. d. In contrast to Wundt and Titchener, functional psychology said that consciousness could not be studied scientifically. e. None of the choices are correct.

answer

Functional psychology claimed that Wundt's and Titchener's approaches were too restrictive because they did not study the practical value of mental processes.

question

The most important consequence of functionalism was ____. a. the introduction of evolution b. the status it gave to pragmatism c. the replacement of experimentalism d. the development of clinical psychology e. the development of applied psychology

answer

the development of applied psychology

question

A consequence of Darwin's work for psychology was ____. a. statistical analyses b. a focus on individual differences c. the legitimization of the collective unconscious d. work in comparative physiology e. the theory of eugenics

answer

focus on individual differences

question

Darwin's ideas of evolution were not new. What was new about Darwin's work was his ____. a. hard data to support such a theory b. focus on lower animals c. idea of survival of the fittest d. idea of natural selection e. work on emotions

answer

hard data to support such a theory

question

How many years did Darwin wait to present his theory publicly? a. 2 b. 11 c. 17 d. 22 e. 34

answer

22

question

____, a predecessor of Darwin, speculated that all mammals had evolved from a single filament and given movement by God. a. Plato b. Erasmus Darwin c. Isaac Newton d. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck e. Anaximander

answer

Erasmus Darwin

question

In his journal Mind, Darwin describes ____. a. the developmental stages of his son in relation to human evolution b. simple stimuli that elicit the same responses in humans and animals c. an ape whose mental processes are analyzed d. early theory that has since been the foundation of cognitive psychology e. the evolution of human mental functions

answer

the developmental stages of his son in relation to human evolution

question

Wundt and Titchner both considered individual difference research to be inappropriate for psychology. True False

answer

true

question

"r" the symbol for correlation coefficient, is based on the "r" at the beginning of the word "recess." True False

answer

false, regression

question

A suggestion of Galton's "mental inheritance" was that "brilliant men produce brilliant sons." True False

answer

true

question

As a variable for men and women, height follows a normal curve distribution. True False

answer

true

question

Galton's Anthropometric Laboratory was free to the public. True False

answer

false, small fee

question

The aim of the research at the Anthropometric Laboratory was to assess ____. a. eugenics policy development b. the correlates of intelligence among eminent men c. the collective mental resources of the British people d. developmental trends over the lifespan e. the sensory capacities of humans

answer

the collective mental resources of the British people

question

The early 20th-century American government policy of sterilizing mentally retarded females is an example of ____. a. Darwin's theory of evolution b. natural selection c. product-moment correlations d. artificial selection e. eugenics

answer

eugenics

question

Galton's Hereditary Genius was mainly concerned with ____. a. None of the above. b. isolating the gene responsible for making geniuses c. exploring his lineage and the eminent men in his family d. All of the above. e. a statistical analysis of the concept of eminent men producing eminent offspring

answer

a statistical analysis of the concept of eminent men producing eminent offspring

question

Which of the following did Galton not endorse in the material from Hereditary Genius? a. the idea of natural equality b. definite limits to muscular and intellectual powers c. limiting one's undertakings to matters within one's reach d. babies are born alike e. None of the choices was endorsed by Galton.

answer

idea of natural equality

question

Who was the first to show that biological and social data were normally distributed? a. Galton b. Pearson c. Quetelet d. Moyen e. Huarte

answer

quetelet

question

The idea of measures clustering around the of center or average of a distribution should be attributed to ____. a. Quetelet b. Darwin c. Pearson d. Cattell e. Newton

answer

Quetelet

question

Galton proposed that measurement of human traits could be defined and summarized by two numbers, which are ____. a. the mean and the median b. the variance and the standard deviation c. the mean and the standard deviation d. the mean and the mode e. the median and the mode

answer

mean and standard deviation

question

The term mental tests was coined by ____, but ____ originated this concept. a. Galton; Cattell b. Galton; Quetelet c. Huarte; Quetelet d. Cattell; Galton e. Quetelet; Galton

answer

cattell galton

question

Galton's measures of intellectual functioning assumed correlation between intelligence and ____. a. Fechner's Law b. average error in psychophysics tasks c. just noticeable differences d. reaction times to stimuli e. acuteness of the senses

answer

acuteness of the senses

question

Who wrote a 16th-century book on individual differences and argued that children's education should be individualized to recognize such differences? a. Quetelet b. Galton c. Butler d. Huarte e. Wundt

answer

Huarte

question

Descartes and Darwin were in complete agreement about the similarity between animals and humans. True False

answer

false, Rene Descartes stated that animals had no similarity with humans, while Darwin proposed that there was no fundamental difference between humans and the mental facilities of higher mammals

question

Galton's "association of ideas" refers to the thoughts and memories elicited by things we notice in the environment. True False

answer

true

question

Animal psychology got a big boost from Darwin's theory of evolution. True False

answer

true

question

C. Lloyd Morgan proposed the "law of parsley." True False

answer

false, parsimony

question

Romanes wrote the book on animal intelligence. True False

answer

true

question

According to ____, animals have no soul and thus are automata. a. Darwin b. Romanes c. Morgan d. Galton e. Descartes

answer

descartes

question

The first systematic study of animal intelligence was by ____. a. Morgan b. Sherrington c. Huarte d. Romanes e. Galvani

answer

Romanes

question

The first person(s) to engage in large studies of experimental comparative psychology was/were ____. a. the behaviorists b. the functionalists c. Conway d. Morgan e. Romanes

answer

morgan

question

The first experimental attempt to study word associations was by ____. a. Ebbinghaus b. Jung c. Wundt d. Galton e. Freud

answer

galton

question

Whenever we think we "know what's on someone's mind," we are using which technique? a. projection b. introspection c. identification d. introspection by analogy e. the anecdotal method

answer

introspection by analogy

question

Galton found that a substantial proportion of word associations were evidence of ____. a. Ebbinghaus's decay theory of memory b. empiricism as purported by Locke and Mill c. rationalism as purported by Berkeley, Kant, and Descartes d. Müller's interference theory of memory e. the effects of childhood experiences on the adult

answer

the effects of childhood experiences on the adult

question

The intent of Lloyd Morgan's canon was to ____. a. make comparative psychology more scientific b. rid psychology of all traces of the technique of introspection c. make comparative psychology more behavioral d. exclude anthropological findings from the natural sciences e. impose a criterion for a distinction between instincts and thinking in both animals and humans

answer

make comparative psychology more scientific

question

Which of the following are influenced by Galton's work? a. child development b. heredity c. statistical techniques d. testing methods e. All of the above.

answer

all of the above

question

According to Darwin, human emotional expressions reflect ____. a. evidence of instincts in humans b. a correspondence of the "fight or flight" responses in humans and animals c. evidence of animal intelligence d. a similarity of nervous systems between people and animals e. the inheritance of animal responses that may not be adaptive for humans

answer

the inheritance of animal responses that may not be adaptive for humans

question

Galton studied paranoid disorders by ____. a. visiting insane asylums b. reading every book and article about it on which he could get his hands c. imaging that every person or thing he saw was spying on him d. inviting people suffering from paranoid disorders to the Anthropometric Laboratory e. All of the choices are correct.

answer

imaging that every person or thing he saw was spying on him

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