PSYC 160: Ch. 9 – Flashcards
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Garry is taking a weight-lifting class in high school. The weights he lifts should:
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match his size from the previous year.
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Studies indicate that adolescents worldwide share this problem.
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They are dissatisfied with their bodies.
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Which pair of nutrients is MOST likely to be lacking in the adolescent diet?
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iron and calcium
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Most adolescents think about themselves:
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frequently
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Researchers predict that if PISA scores in the United States rose by 25 points, the result could mean an increase of _____ in the nation's Gross Domestic Product over an 80-year time span.
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$40 trillion
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Middle school typically includes grades:
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six to eight.
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A strategy to increase student motivation in middle schools is to encourage a belief in:
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the incremental approach to learning.
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Research has shown that adolescents tend to apply formal logic:
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in some situations but not in others.
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A thought that arises through a "feeling" that the thought is right is referred to as a(n) _____ thought.
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intuitive
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During adolescence, the _____ matures before the _____ in the brain.
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limbic system; prefrontal cortex
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The day-night cycle that occurs approximately every 24 hours is the:
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circadian rhythm.
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The biological events that begin puberty involve a hormonal signal from the:
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hypothalamus.
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Typically, the adolescent who will probably find puberty MOST difficult is:
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Katya, an early maturer.
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One of the first signs of the growth spurt is:
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growth of fingers and toes.
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What-if propositions require:
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hypothetical thought.
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For girls, the usual sequence of physical changes in puberty is:
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nipple growth, the growth spurt, and menarche.
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In the twenty-first century, early puberty positively correlates with:
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aggression and antisocial behavior in boys.
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Which gland(s) receive(s) signals directly from the hypothalamus?
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pituitary
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For boys, the usual sequence of physical changes in puberty is:
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growth of the testes; initial pubic hair growth; growth of the penis; spermarche.
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One of the most prominent aspects of adolescent thought is the ability to:
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think in terms of possibilities.
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The period when children's bodies become adultlike is called:
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puberty
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For boys, the event that most closely parallels menarche is:
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spermarche
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The term imaginary audience refers to adolescents':
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belief that everyone is watching their behavior and appearance.
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Josefina is obsessed with her weight. She sometimes eats a whole package of Oreos at once and then makes herself vomit. Josefina is of normal weight, but she constantly has heartburn. She MOST likely suffers from:
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bulimia nervosa.
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Bill noticed that he has some pubic hair. According to the usual sequence of puberty, his next growth event will probably be:
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his penis growing longer and wider.
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Three different girls tell Brian that Titanic is their all-time favorite movie. He concludes that all girls love that movie. Brian has just used:
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inductive reasoning.
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Fifteen-year-old Latrina has a 10 P.M. curfew. She asks her parents to extend her curfew to 11 P.M. on weekends. When her parents ask her why, Latrina replies, "I've never been late for my 10 P.M. curfew. You can trust me. Can we at least give it a try?" This is an example of what kind of thinking?
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analytical
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Elle, an adolescent, believes that government should pay for all citizens' health care. From this premise, she reasons about the particulars of how and why government-funded health care would work. This is an example of:
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deductive reasoning.
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Over the past decade, the percentage of adolescents that consumed the recommended three or more servings of vegetables daily has:
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decreased
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As the United States moves increasingly toward high-stakes testing:
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other nations are moving away from it.
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José enjoys sports, especially running. As an adolescent, he has the potential to become a star athlete. Which pair of influences will be MOST beneficial to him in reaching his full potential?
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changes in myelination in his brain and the guidance of an experienced coach
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The recommended daily dose of calcium is _____ milligrams; most teens consume less than _____ milligrams per day.
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1300; 500
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Klaczynski's research found that logical thinking improved with age and education, but not with:
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measurements on intelligence tests (IQ).
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Spreading insults and rumors by means of e-mails, text messages, or Web postings is called:
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cyberbullying.
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Define menarche.
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Girl's first menstrual period/ovulation.
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Define spermarche.
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Boy's first ejaculation of sperm/production.
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Puberty begins in the hypothalamus pituitary _____ and ____ axes.
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adrenal, gonad.
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Define the secular trend.
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Each generation has experienced puberty a few weeks earlier, and has grown a centimeter or so taller than preceding years.
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What happens to girls when puberty begins early?
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Self esteem decreases, depression increases, and they develop poor body image.
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What happens to boys when puberty begins early?
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Aggression increases, more likely to break the law, abuse used of alcohol.
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What happens to girls when puberty begins late?
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Seen as physically attractive, sociable, leaders at school.
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What happens to boys when puberty begins late?
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More anxious, depressed, and afraid of sex.
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Define Piaget's formal operational thought.
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More systematic logic and ability to think about abstract ideas.
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Define Piaget's hypothetical thought.
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Reasoning that includes propositions and possibilities that may not reflect reality; scientific thinking develops.
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Define deductive reasoning.
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Drawing conclusions based on a given theory, regardless of what the real answer may be.
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Define adolescent ego centrism.
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Leads young people to focus on themselves to the exclusion of others.
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What does adolescent egocentrism include?
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Personal fable, invincibility fable, and imaginary audience.
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Define personal fable.
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one's thoughts, feelings, or experiences are unique, more wonderful or awful. Ex: "no one understands my breakup."
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Define invincibility fable.
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Cannot be overcome or even harmed by anything that might defeat a normal, such as unprotected sex, drug abuse, or high-speed driving.
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Define imaginary audience.
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The other people who, an adolescent believes, are watching and taking note of his or her appearance, ideas, or behavior. Ex: I can't go to school with this pimple on my face.
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What're the critiques of Piaget's formal operations?
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1. We're not all as logical as Piaget thinks we are 2. We may not reach formal operations 3. There may be more beyond formal operations 4. Affected by schooling
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Define identity achievement.
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Explored identity; high commitment and high level of exploration.
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Define moratorium.
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Exploring without commitment; low level of commitment and high level of exploration.
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Define identity foreclosure.
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High commitment but little exploring; finishing early.
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Define identity diffusion.
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Don't want to explore; low commitment, low exploration.
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