PSYC 104 Chapter 13
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chronic stressors
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Sources of stress that occur continuously or repeatedly.
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learned helplessness
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The belief that one has no control over one's situation based on past experience.
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fight or flight response
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An emotional and physiological reaction to an emergency that increases readiness for action.
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general adaption syndrome (GAS)
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A three-stage physiological stress response that appears regardless of the stressor that is encountered.
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telomeres
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Caps at the end of each chromosome that protect the ends of chromosomes and prevent them from sticking to each other.
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immune system
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A complex response system that protects the body from bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances.
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Type A behavior pattern
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The tendency toward easily aroused hostility, impatience, a sense of time urgency, and competitive achievement strivings.
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burnout
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A state of physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion created by long-term involvement in an emotionally demanding situation and accompanied by lowered performance and motivation.
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repressive coping
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Avoiding situations or thoughts that are reminders of a stressor and maintaining an artificially positive viewpoint.
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rational coping
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Facing the stressor and working to overcome it.
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reframing
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Finding a new or creative way to think about a stressor that reduces its threat.
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meditation
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The practice of intentional contemplation.
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relaxation therapy
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A technique for reducing tension by consciously relaxing muscles of the body.
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relaxation response
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A condition of reduced muscle tension, cortical activity, heart rate, breathing rate, and blood pressure.
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biofeedback
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The use of an external monitoring device to obtain information about a bodily function and possibly gain control over that function.
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social support
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The aid gained through interacting with others.
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psychosomatic illness
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An interaction between mind and body that can produce illness.
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somatic symptom disorders
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The set of psychological disorders in which a person with at least one bodily symptom displays significant health-related anxiety, expresses disproportionate concerns about symptoms, and devotes excessive time and energy to symptoms or health concerns.
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sick role
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A socially recognized set of rights and obligations linked with illness.
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self-regulation
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The exercise of voluntary control over the self to bring the self into line with preferred standards.
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What kinds of stressors are you likely to be exposed to if you live in a dense urban area with considerable traffic, noise, and pollution? A.cultural stressors B.intermittent stressors C.chronic stressors D.positive stressors
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C.
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In an experiment, two groups are subjected to loud noise while attempting to complete a task. The people in Group A are told they can turn off the noise by pushing a button. This information is withheld from Group B. Why will Group A's performance at the task likely be better than Group B's? A.Group B is working in a different environment. B.Group A has perceived control over the stress. C.Group B is less distracted than Group A. D.The distractions affecting Group B are now chronic.
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B.
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According to the College Undergraduate Stress Scale, which of the following events is most stressful? A.concerns about your appearance B.lack of sleep C.getting sick D.confrontation with professors
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B.
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The brain activation that occurs in response to a threat begins in the A.pituitary gland. B.hypothalamus. C.adrenal gland. D.corpus callosum.
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B.
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According to the general adaptation syndrome, during the _____________ phase, the body adapts to its high state of arousal as it tries to cope with a stressor. A.exhaustion B.alarm C.resistance D.energy
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C.
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Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding the physiological response to stress? A.Type A behavior patterns have psychological but not physiological ramifications. B.The link between work-related stress and coronary heart disease is unfounded. C.Stressors can cause hormones to flood the brain, strengthening the immune system. D.The immune system is remarkably responsive to psychological influences.
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D.
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Meditation is an altered state of consciousness that occurs A.with the aid of drugs. B.through hypnosis. C.naturally or through special practices. D.as a result of dreamlike brain activity.
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C.
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Finding a new or creative way to think about a stressor that reduces its threat is called A.stress inoculation. B.repressive coping. C.reframing. D.rational coping.
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C.
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The positive health outcomes associated with religiosity and spirituality are believed to be the result of all of the following except A.enhanced social support. B.engagement in healthier behavior. C.endorsement of hope and optimism. D.intercessory prayer.
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D.
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A person who is preoccupied with minor symptoms and believes they signify a life-threatening illness is likely to be diagnosed with A.cytokines. B.repressive coping. C.burnout. D.a somatic symptom disorder.
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D.
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Faking an illness is a violation of A.malingering. B.somatoform disorder. C.the sick role. D.the Type B pattern of behavior.
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C.
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Which of the following describes a successful health care provider? A.displays empathy B.pays attention to both the physical and psychological state of the patient C.uses psychology to promote patient compliance D.all of the above
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D.
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When sick, optimists are more likely than pessimists to A.maintain positive emotions. B.become depressed. C.ignore their caregiver's advice. D.avoid contact with others.
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A.
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Which of the following is NOT a trait associated with hardiness? A.a sense of commitment B.an aversion to criticism C.a belief in control D.a willingness to accept challenge
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B.
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Stress _____________ the self-regulation of behaviors such as eating and smoking. A.strengthens B.has no effect on C.disrupts D.normalizes
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C.
