Question 1

The first to apply psychology to personnel selection was ____.

Accepted Answer

Scott

Question 2

Binet and Simon\'s test differed from those of Galton and Cattell in its ____.

Accepted Answer

emphasis on the relationship of higher cognitive processes to intelligence

Question 3

The first person to earn a PhD in industrial/organizational psychology was ____.

Accepted Answer

Lillian Gilbreth

Question 4

Which American psychologist is noteworthy for writing in industrial/organizational psychology, psychotherapy, and forensic psychology?

Accepted Answer

MÃ¼nsterberg

Question 5

The assessment and treatment of abnormal behavior in children was established in American psychology by ____.

Accepted Answer

Witmer

Question 6

Cattell\'s work was novel in its focus on ____.

Accepted Answer

human abilities

Question 7

Witmer\'s \"clinical psychology\" is today known as ____.

Accepted Answer

school psychology

Question 8

Who wrote Psychotherapy?

Accepted Answer

MÃ¼nsterberg

Question 9

The intelligence test data from World War I recruits indicated that whites scored higher than all other groups.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 10

A significant finding by Witmer was that behavior disorders and cognitive deficits are substantially influenced by a child\'s environment.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 11

Whose therapeutic technique might be described as \"therapist-centered?\"

Accepted Answer

MÃ¼nsterberg\'s

Question 12

Attempts by psychologists during World War I to develop group tests of personality characteristics were a dismal and embarrassing failure.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 13

____ used the Binet test at Ellis Island to restrict the entry of immigrants to the United States.

Accepted Answer

Goddard

Question 14

The psychologist responsible for using mental tests to assess whether immigrants were mentally defective was Goddard.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 15

Scott argued that consumers ____.

Accepted Answer

are not rational beings

Question 16

According to the intelligence testing of U.S. army recruits, which group scored higher on average?

Accepted Answer

White Americans

Question 17

Cattell\'s mental tests, like those of Galton, dealt primarily with sensorimotor measures.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 18

MÃ¼nsterberg was best known ____.

Accepted Answer

through his publications in the popular press on applied psychology

Question 19

The Hawthorne studies were crucial in exposing the importance of the conditions of the psychological work environment.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 20

The main reason Wundt\'s and Titchener\'s systems did not survive in the United States was that they ____.

Accepted Answer

were not pragmatic

Question 21

Pavlov\'s conditioned reflexes require ____ for learning to occur.

Accepted Answer

reinforcements and S-R connections

Question 22

Who used puzzle boxes to study animal behavior?

Accepted Answer

Thorndike

Question 23

Which of the following statements best describes the change that took place in animal psychology following the work of Romanes and Morgan?

Accepted Answer

The field became more objective as mentalistic terms were dropped from the descriptions of behavior.

Question 24

An approach to learning termed ____ was developed by Thorndike.

Accepted Answer

connectionism

Question 25

In his mechanistic approach to psychology, Thorndike discarded concepts of satisfaction and discomfort.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 26

Thorndike\'s (1898) law of effect is similar to ____.

Accepted Answer

Pavlov\'s law of reinforcement

Question 27

In the typical conditioning experiment done by Pavlov, the food placed in the dog\'s mouth is called the ____.

Accepted Answer

unconditioned stimulus

Question 28

The Animal Mind, the first textbook on comparative psychology, was written by ____.

Accepted Answer

Margaret Washburn

Question 29

Thorndike argued that psychology should study behavior as well as conscious experience.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 30

For Pavlov, humans and animals were ____.

Accepted Answer

machines

Question 31

In Pavlov\'s terms, the conditional reflex is dependent on the formation of an association.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 32

Who first demonstrated that reward had a stronger effect than punishment?

Accepted Answer

Thorndike

Question 33

For Thorndike, learning is

Accepted Answer

making connections

Question 34

Pavlov\'s work illustrated the study of higher mental processes in _

Accepted Answer

physiological terms

Question 35

One criterion of positivism is that knowledge must be private in nature.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 36

More than any other researcher in psychology before him, Pavlov attempted to ____.

Accepted Answer

eliminate sources of error from his studies and implement the experimental method.

Question 37

The crux of Pavlov\'s work on conditioning was that higher mental processes could be studied in physiological terms.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 38

For Watson, introspection was ____.

Accepted Answer

irrelevant

Question 39

For Pavlov, ____ is necessary for learning to take place.

Accepted Answer

reinforcement

Question 40

Habit strength is a function of repetition. This is an instance of ____.

Accepted Answer

Thorndike\'s law of exercise

Question 41

The most significant public impact of Watson\'s varied undertakings was to ____.

Accepted Answer

transform childrearing practices

Question 42

McDougall was especially critical of Watson\'s ____.

Accepted Answer

determinism

Question 43

McDougall\'s arguments against Watson included that ____.

Accepted Answer

humans had free will and data pertaining to consciousness were valuable

Question 44

After his dismissal from Johns Hopkins, Watson ____.

Accepted Answer

published for the American public through popular media

Question 45

In Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It, Watson stated that psychology is a natural science because it relies on the experimental method.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 46

McDougall believed that human behavior ____.

Accepted Answer

derives from innate tendencies

Question 47

In Watson\'s system, fear, rage, and love are ____.

Accepted Answer

unconditioned responses

Question 48

One part of the cerebral cortex is essentially equal to another in its contribution to learning; this is ____ principle of ____.

Accepted Answer

Lashley\'s; equipotentiality

Question 49

Which of the following was NOT one of Watson\'s methods?

Accepted Answer

All of the choices were acceptable to Watson.

Question 50

All of Watson\'s methods are based on the concept of ____.

Accepted Answer

Observation

Question 51

Watson proposed that thinking could be observed in subvocal speech and gestures.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 52

One criticism of Watson was that his strict objectivity ____.

Accepted Answer

was hard to achieve

Question 53

Watson\'s position on verbal reports was ____.

Accepted Answer

All of the choices are correct.

Question 54

According to Watson, the three fundamental emotions displayed by infants were ____

Accepted Answer

fear, rage, and love

Question 55

The \"Little Albert\" study has been successfully replicated.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 56

The most important research method of the behaviorists was ____.

Accepted Answer

the conditioned reflex method

Question 57

A major criticism of Watson\'s system is that it discounts ____.

Accepted Answer

sensation and perception

Question 58

In Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It, Watson pointed out the importance of keeping all results on an entirely objective level.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 59

In the long run, Watson\'s behaviorism ____.

Accepted Answer

was absorbed into the mainstream of psychology and thereby lost its distinctiveness and revolutionary spirit and initiative

Question 60

Watson\'s contribution to the method of objective testing was ____.

Accepted Answer

to argue that the subjects\' responses were under the stimulus control of the test items

Question 61

In Watson\'s system, fear, rage, and love are ____.

Accepted Answer

unconditioned responses

Question 62

The first person to de-condition a learned fear was ____.

Accepted Answer

Jones

Question 63

For Watson, the distinction between humans and animals is ____.

Accepted Answer

arbitrary

Question 64

Watson\'s analysis of behavior was reductionistic.

Accepted Answer

True

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