PSY121 Chapter 13 Review – Flashcards
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Individuals who are extremely withdrawn or who suffer from psychotic symptoms are generally not good candidates for _________ treatment
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psychodynamic
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A therapy style in which the therapist acts primarily as a sounding board is called _______ therapy
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nondirective
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An insight therapy that emphasizes revealing unconscious conflicts, urges, and desires that may be causing mental disorders is called:
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psychoanalysis.
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When the therapist becomes a symbol of a parental authority figure from the past, the patient is experiencing
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transference
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Who founded Gestalt therapy?
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Fritz Perls
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A therapy technique in which the therapist restates what the client says rather than interpreting the statements is known as:
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reflection
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A common distortion in thought that can cause negative feelings and unrealistic beliefs in people is "jumping to conclusions." This is referred to as:
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arbitrary inference
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_______ therapies are action based rather than insight based
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Behavior
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The process in which an undesirable behavior is paired with an aversive stimulus to reduce the frequency of the behavior is called:
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aversion therapy
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Rather than focusing on the behavior itself, _______ therapies focus on the distorted thinking and the unrealistic beliefs that lead to maladaptive behavior.
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cognitive
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A warm and caring relationship between client and therapist, characterized by empathy and understanding, is called:
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the therapeutic alliance
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Who undertook one of the earliest studies into the question of whether psychotherapy really works?
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Hans Eysenck
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_______ group therapy can be effective for social anxiety disorder
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Cognitive-behavioral
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In _______, no one person is seen as the problem
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family therapy
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Virtual reality can be used to expose patients to ______ objects and situations
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phobic
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Joy earns a gumball sticker for every chore she completes. She puts the stickers on her gumball chart. When the gumball chart is filled, Joy gets to choose a prize out of the prize box. Joy's parents are using:
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a token economy
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In behavior therapy, the reduction of the undesired behavior is:
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easy to measure, but gaining insights, feelings of control, and self-worth are easily evaluated
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Joshua's sister had a bad day at school. As a result, she doesn't want to play with him. Joshua assumes she is angry with him. Joshua is experiencing:
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personalization
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Anthony often gets angry and stomps off when things don't go his way. To help him learn to deal with his anger, his parents engage him in a game of Candy Land. They respond the way they would like to see Anthony respond when he loses a turn or is forced to move backward on the board. Anthony's parents are using a behavior modification technique called:
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modeling
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The use of drugs to control or relieve the symptoms of psychological disorders is called:
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psychopharmacology
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________ involves cutting into the brain to remove or destroy brain tissue for the purpose of relieving symptoms of mental disorders
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Psychosurgery
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Therapies that directly affect the biological functioning of the body and brain are known as:
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biomedical therapies
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The main goal of _______ therapy is to change disordered or inappropriate behavior directly
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action
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Dr. Phillipe Pinel is known for:
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personally unchaining the inmates at an asylum in Paris
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The first organized effort to do something with mentally ill persons began in:
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London
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A common distortion in thought that can cause negative feelings and unrealistic beliefs i people is "jumping to conclusions." This is referred to as:
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arbitrary inference
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One of the goals of _______ is to use action-based therapies to change the way clients think from irrational, self-defeating thoughts to more rational, self-helping, positive thoughts.
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cognitive-behavrioal therapy
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Rather than focusing on unconscious, hidden conflicts, humanistic theorists focus on:
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conscious, subjective experiences of emotion and people's sense of self
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The first efforts to treat the mentally ill with kindness and guidance are known as:
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moral treatment
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The word _______ means "a place of safety"
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asylum
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One of the criticisms of cognitive and cognitive-behavioral therapies is that:
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they treat the symptom, not the cause
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Dr. Stevens is treating a client with depression. During their sessions together, Dr. Stevens focuses on the client's relationships with friends, family, and coworkers, as well as how the everyday events of the client's life affect his mood. Dr. Stevens is using ______ to treat his client
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interpersonal psychotherapy
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Daniel failed a math test. Upon receiving the grade, Daniel believed that he must be bad at math and therefore would fail the class, be unable to get into college, and would have to work in a fast food restaurant for the rest of his life. Daniel is exhibiting:
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overgeneralization
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________ seem(s) to work better in group settings than psychoanalysis and cognitive-behavioral therapies
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behavior therapies
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__________ involves cutting into the brain to remove or destroy brain tissue for the purpose of relieving symptoms of mental disorders.
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psychosurgery
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An estimated _________ of people feel that psychotherapy has helped them
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75-90 percent
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What problem can occur when the cultural or ethnic background of therapist and client are mismatched?
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The therapist may project his or her values onto the client, thus failing to achieve true empathy with the client's feelings.
