PSY midterm – Flashcards
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Saying psychological knowledge about women is mostly androcentric means the information is considered
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Male-centered
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Feminism can best be defined as:
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movement to end sexism and sexist oppression.
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Research on ethnic minorities of both sexes is scarce except when
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they are seen as creating social problems like teen pregnancy and crime.
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Research documenting ___________ is often overlooked, while research documenting ___________ is sought and publicized.
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gender similarities; gender differences
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One of the dangers of creating a "generic" woman against which to compare all women of color is
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that researchers are making white women the norm, just as previous psychologists made men the norm.
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_________ can be defined as biological differences in genetic composition and reproductive anatomy and function.
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Sex
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______________ can be defined as the traits that make up masculinity and femininity
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Gender
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Zimmerman & West (1975) found that in male-female conversations
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men make over 95% of interruptions when talking to women
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When women attempt to assert dominance through touch
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Their behavior may be misinterpreted as a sexual move.
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Nurturance, gentleness, and expressiveness would be considered _________ traits; aggressiveness, independence, and dominance would be considered _________ traits.
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affective; instrumental (emotions. feelings) (active, effective)
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When articles on female politicians, athletes, and authors prioritize women's appearance, they are
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objectifying them
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Despite changes in ideals of feminine beauty over the years, one thing remains constant:
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They all require alterations of women's natural appearance through products.
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One example of sexist language is:
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use of the term "man" to describe humans in general.
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When stereotypes are activated by our culture, less prejudiced people
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stop and think about the stereotypes and replace them with more accurate information.
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According to Plant, Hyde, Keltner, & Devine (2000), the three emotions that are stereotypically "male" are
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anger, contempt, pride
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Researchers who adhere to the differences tradition believe that psychology and its theories have failed women by
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Devaluing their strengths
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A woman's habitual and chronic preoccupation with her appearance and others' experience of her appearance is referred to as
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Self-objectification
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Those individuals whose biological sex is not completely, clearly male or female are referred to as
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intersexed
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In their respective cultures, third-sex people are
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not considered gay
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If there is a genetic component to sexual orientation,
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there is no single gene that determines whether one is gay, straight, or bisexual.
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Children who have Turner's syndrome
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develop external female parts
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The testes typically produce ____________, which shape infants' bodies into a form typical of males.
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androgens
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The idea that children learn gender from their environment comes from
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social learning theory
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Which of the following statements about the development of gender is INCORRECT?
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Pressure for conformity to gender roles occurs earlier for boys than girls
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Which of the following is true regarding behavioral differences between girls and boys?
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Most children demonstrate a preference to play with same-gender friends by age two or three.
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When they play alone, boys and girls' play styles are ____________, but when they play in groups, their play styles become ________________.
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similar; increasingly gender-typed.
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Children across cultures seem to learn about aspects of gender through
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imitation, gender schemas, gender constancy.
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By age 3, most children can identify their own sex. However, they may believe that people can change sex by changing hairstyle or clothing because they lack gender ________.
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constancy
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The act of stifling one's own feelings and thoughts in order to fit in and be seen as a nice girl is called
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self-silencing
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Body dissatisfaction is more common among _______________girls than among _______________ girls.
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white,black
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Increased pressure to conform to gender roles is called
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gender-intensification
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Girls may want to be tomboys because
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they are aware of the status advantages of men.
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_____________ lead/s to selective attention and selective memory.
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Gender Schemas
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Hostile acts attempting to damage another person's relationships or social standing are called
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relational aggression.
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Violence is often used
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as a means of control in sexual encounters and romantic relationships.
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In the US, the most common way for a woman to contract HIV is
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unprotected sex with a man
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_______ is/are the leading cause of death for African American women aged 25-34.
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HIV/AIDS
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Sexuality, as described by Crawford, is
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is shaped by gender and culture
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In the majority of the world, which of the following is NOT true about marriage and love?
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Romantic love is seen as necessary to marriage.
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Among teens, the strongest predictor of sexual activity is
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the perceived level the sexual activity of one's friends
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If a woman shows token resistance to a man's sexual advances and then "gives in," she is doing all of the following EXCEPT
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communicating honestly with her partner
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______ in particular were likely to be stigmatized as "suffering from the newly invented disease of lesbianism."
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Feminists
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Abusive families are usually
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patriarchal.
