question

The chemical messengers of the endocrine systems are called:

answer

c. hormones

question

*The American psychologist associated with functionalism is:

answer

a. William James

question

Specialized cells in the brain which send and receive information are called:

answer

b. neurons

question

What does the corpus callosum do?

answer

d. connects and integrates the cerebral hemispheres

question

Scientists make predictions which are statements of the likelihood that a certain event will occur or that a given relationship will be found. When scientists make a specific prediction capable of being tested empirically, he is said to have formulated a/an:

answer

b. hypothesis

question

On a psychology test, Sandra defined psychology as the science of mental processes, but her teacher gave her only partial credit because:

answer

c. psychology is also the science of behavior

question

Earnest's consciousness is being focused. He may experience change in perception, thinking, memory and behavior in response to the suggestion of another. What is most likely happening to Earnest:

answer

b. he is being hypnotized

question

*Which of the following is typically controlled by the right hemisphere:

answer

d. perceptual tasks

question

Experts differ in their understandings of hypnotism. Yet most agree that hypnotism can be affectively used to:

answer

c. relieve pain

question

In the 10th mile of a marathon, Judy began to experience a sense of physical exhilaration known as "runner's high." It's likely that her feelings were most directly linked to the release of:

answer

c. endorphins

question

*Imagine being a student when psychology was developing as a discipline. A teacher tells you that the only proper subject matter for psychology is observable behavior. The teacher is most likely:

answer

d. John Watson

question

In psychology, a good theory implies hypothesis or predictions that can be tested. When hypothesis are tested, the result is typically:

answer

c. refinement or revision of the theory

question

Knowing that two events are correlated does not tell us what is the cause and what is the effect, however it does provide:

answer

a. a basis for prediction

question

Psychology is often criticized as telling us what we already know for common sense. Hindsight bias refers to our tendency to:

answer

a. perceive events as obvious or inevitable after the fact

question

The neuron fiber that carries messages to other neurons is the:

answer

b. axon

question

The automatic nervous system controls internal functions, such as heart rate and glandular activity. The word "automatic" means:

answer

c. self-regulating

question

There is a miniscule space between the axon of the sending neuron, it stimulates the release of chemical messengers called:

answer

c. synaptic gap

question

When the electrical impulse reaches the axon terminal of a neuron, it stimulates the release of chemical messengers called:

answer

d. neurotransmitters

question

Independent variable is to dependent variable as ___ is to ___.

answer

c. manipulated, measured

question

The sleep cycle is approximately ___ minutes.

answer

d. 90 minutes

question

*When John discovers he studied the wrong chapters for a test, his heart begins to race and his palms sweat. He recalls the divisions of the nervous system and realizes that the ___ division has been activated.

answer

a. sympathetic

question

Split-brain patients have enabled us to observe the special functions of each brain hemisphere. The left hemisphere excels in:

answer

a. processing language

question

Plasticity refers to the brain's ability to recognize itself after damage or injury. Especially plastic are the brains of:

answer

c. young children

question

Damage to the right hemisphere is most likely to reduce a person's ability to:

answer

b. recognize the emotional content of facial expressions

question

Consciousness is:

answer

b. our awareness of ourselves and our environment

question

Circadian rhythms are the:

answer

c. regular body rhythms that occur on a 24-hour schedule

question

Psychology as the science it is today is largely the result of developments during the:

answer

d. 20th century

question

You overhear Dan and Dave commiserating about sleep probs. Dan "I walk then fall asleep mid-stride." Dave "I can't fall asleep, then wake up 8 or 9 times a night." Dan has ___, Dave has ___.

answer

c. narcolepsy; insomnia

question

Being randomly assigned to the experimental condition in a research project involves being assigned:

answer

a. to that condition by chance

question

A major problem with correlation research is that:

answer

a. it cannot test cause-effect hypotheses

question

The slowdown of neural communication in Multiple Sclerosis involves a degradation of the:

answer

d. myelin sheath

question

Amphetamines are to ___ as barbiturates are to ___.

answer

a. stimulants; depressants

question

Alcohol is a depressant that, in large doses, strongly affects behavior. A few drinks may make a person more helpful, talkative and "caring" or may make a person more aggressive, stubborn and daring. These effects result from:

answer

d. the lowering of inhibitions

question

The Amygdala and Hypothalamus are part of the:

answer

c. Limbic System

question

The receptor in the eye that functions best in dim light is the:

answer

b. Rod

question

The best way to separate the effects of genes and environment in research is to study:

answer

d. identical twins raised in different environments

question

Temperament refers to a person's characteristic:

answer

a. emotional reactivity and intensity

question

During a hearing test, many sounds were presented at such a low level of intensity that Mr. Worden could hardly ever detect them. These sounds were below Mr. Worden's:

answer

b. Absolute threshold

question

The type of ESP in which a person claims to be able to read another's mind is:

answer

d. Telepathy

question

Sensation is to _____ as perception is to _____.

answer

b. Detection; interpretation

question

*In Piaget's stage of concrete operational intelligence, the child acquires an understanding of the principle of:

answer

a. Conservation

question

The Harlow's study of attachment in monkeys showed that:

answer

b. a cloth mother produced the greatest attachment response

question

Julie finds that drinking alcohol in the early evening relieves her physical aches and pains. Her drinking is likely to continue because it is followed by a _____ reinforcer.

answer

b. negative

question

Rods are _____ light-sensitive and _____ color-sensitive than are cones.

answer

more; less

question

Computer assisted instruction involves an application of _____principles.

answer

d. operant conditioning

question

The study of phenomena such as clairvoyance and telepathy is called:

answer

a. Parapsychology

question

Which is an unconditional response?

answer

b. shivering in cold water

question

Subliminal question (your instructor is nice)

answer

a. briefly reflect what a friendly person your instructor is

question

The greatest difficulty facing contemporary parapsychology is the:

answer

c. lack of a reproducible ESP phenomenon

question

Continuous reinforcement, that is, reinforcement of the desired response every time it occurs, makes for rapid learning and for rapid extinction when reinforcement stops. A partial reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals is a:

answer

b. variable-interval schedule

question

*The development theorist who suggested that securely attached children develop an attitude of basic trust is:

answer

d. Erickson

question

For operant conditioning to be most effective, when should the reinforcers be presented in relation to the desired response?

answer

b. immediately after

question

The psychologist most closely associated with the study of operant conditioning is:

answer

c. Skinner

question

A subliminal message is one that is presented:

answer

b. below the absolute threshold for awareness

question

Which statement concerning the effects of aging is true?

answer

d. The aging process can be significantly affected by the individual's activity patterns

question

Our experience of pain when we are injured depends on:

answer

c. Our physiology, experiences and attention, and surrounding cultures

question

In promoting observational learning, the most effective models are those that we perceive as:

answer

d. having any of these characteristics

question

Children learn many social behaviors by imitating parents and other models. This type of learning is called:

answer

observational learning

question

If the sound of an electric can opener causes a cat to salivate because the can opener has been associated with the presentation of food, the cat's salivation to the sound of the can opener is a(n):

answer

a. conditioned response

question

The extrasensory ability to perceive an automobile accident taking place in a distant location is to _____ as the extrasensory ability to know at any moment exactly what your best friend is thinking is to _____.

answer

d. clairvoyance; telepathy

question

*The type of learning associated with Skinner is:

answer

d. observational learning

question

A response that leads to the removal of an unpleasant stimulus is one being:

answer

b. negatively reinforced

question

Blake is a carpet installer who wants to be paid for each square carpet he lays rather than with an hourly wage. Blake prefers working on a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

answer

a. fixed ratio

question

In explaining juvenile delinquency, B. F. Skinner would most likely emphasize the role of:

answer

c. faulty child-rearing practices

question

The 3 steps in memory processing are:

answer

d. encoding, storage, retrieval

question

One way to increase the amount of information in memory is to group it into larger, familiar units. This process is referred to as:

answer

d. chunking

question

Research on memory construction reveals that memories:

answer

b. reflect a person's biases and assumptions

question

A mental grouping of similar things, events or people is called a(n):

answer

b. concept

question

The two-factor theory of emotion was proposed by:

answer

d. Stanley Schachter

question

The human capacity for storing long-term memories is:

answer

a. essentially unlimited

question

For purposes of lie detection, investigators most commonly make use of a(n):

answer

e. polygraph

question

When forming a concept, people who often develop a best example or ___ of a category.

answer

c. prototype

question

Which is not true of babbling?

answer

a. it is an imitation of adult speech

question

Accepting attitudes toward homosexuals are ___ common among men than women and ___ common among those who believe sexual orientation is genetically rather than environmentally determined.

answer

d. less;more

question

Which best describes Chomsky's view of language development?

answer

c. Humans have a biological predisposition to acquire language

question

The process of retrieval refers to:

answer

c. getting information out of memory storage

question

In terms of Maslow's motivational hierarchy, the higher-level needs of employees are most likely to be satisfied by:

answer

d. participative management

question

Dr. L has devoted his professional life to researching the wants and needs that energize and direct behavior. His area of research has obviously been:

answer

d. motivation

question

Studies by Loftus and Palmer, in which people were quizzed about a film of an accident, indicated that:

answer

d. People's recall may easily be affected by misleading information

question

Research on memory construction indicates that memories of past experiences are likely to be:

answer

b. distorted by current assumptions

question

Myra skipped lunch, so by late afternoon she is very hungry. At this time it is likely that her blood glucose level is ___ and her blood insulin level is ___.

answer

b. low;high

question

Extrinsic motivation refers to:

answer

d. a desire to perform that is triggered by physical deprivation

question

Which division of the nervous system is especially involved in bringing about emotional arousal?

answer

c. sympathetic nervous system

question

The idea that anger is reduced through aggressive action or fantasy is known as the:

answer

c. Cartharsis hypothesis

question

Employees who have been laid off are asked questions that encourage them to express hostility toward their employer. Research suggests that this opportunity to vent anger will:

answer

d. increase their hostility

question

Concerning emotions and their accompanying body responses, which of the following appears to be true?

answer

c. many emotions involve similar body responses but have different underlying brain circuits

question

At your high school reunion you cannot remember the last name of your homeroom teacher. Your failure to remember is most likely the result of:

answer

c. retrieval failure

question

Emotions consist of which of the following components?

answer

d. all of these components

question

In laboratory experiments, fear and joy:

answer

c. increase heart rate and stimulate different facial muscles

question

A recent poll revealed that average Americans believe that about ___ of our population of men are gay, however, recent census data suggests that the real number of gay men is about ___ of our population.

answer

c. 10%;10%

question

Which of the following represents the correct order (from lowest to highest) of needs in Maslow's hierarchy?

answer

c. physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem, self-actualization

question

Hunger controls are located in the ___ of the brain.

answer

a. hypothalamus

question

The correct order of the stages of Masters and Johnson's sexual response cycle is:

answer

b. excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution

question

Research on sexual orientation indicates that:

answer

b. virtually all cultures in all times have been predominately heterosexual

question

Ellen is consistently optimistic, talkative and impulsive. Each of these characteristics most clearly represents a:

answer

d. personality type

question

Which of the following has been called the "common cold" of psychological disorders?

answer

a. depression

question

Bob is unable to keep a job and has been in jail most of his life-for stealing, sexual assault and spouse abuse. Bob would probably be diagnosed as having:

answer

d. an antisocial personality

question

An episode of intense dread that lasts for several minutes and is accompanied by chest pains, dizziness, choking or fainting is called a(n):

answer

b. panic attack

question

Which of the following statements concerning the labeling of disordered behaviors is true?

answer

all the above are true

question

Janine experiences feelings of revulsion at the prospect of watching a porn video. Freud would have attributed these feelings to Janine's:

answer

c. superego

question

*2-year-old Damien frequently refuses to obey his parents b/c he derives immense pleasure from demonstrating his independence from their control. Freud would have suggested that Damien is going through the ___ stage of development.

answer

b. anal

question

An eclectic psychotherapist is one who:

answer

d. uses a variety of techniques, depending on the client and the problem

question

Mark typically responds to stress in a calm and thoughtful manner. Tom, on the other hand, usually becomes agitated. Mark's and Tom's reactions indicates that they each have a distinctive:

answer

c. personality

question

Which defense mechanism involves the conscious expression of feelings that are opposite of unconscious feelings?

answer

d. reaction formation

question

Shortly after receiving a traffic ticket for speeding, Fred made numerous hostile comments to his wife about incompetence of women drivers. Fred's comments illustrate most clearly the defense mechanism of:

answer

d. displacement

question

Carl Jung emphasized the importance of ___ in personality functioning.

answer

d. the collective unconscious

question

The humanistic perspective emphasizes the importance of:

answer

b. self-determination

question

Bill, a college student, complains that he feels apprehensive and fearful most of the time but doesn't know why. W/o warning, his heart will pound, hands get icy and will break out in a cold sweat. He most likely suffers from a(n) ___disorder:

answer

c. generalized anxiety disorder

question

Transference refers to a client's:

answer

c. expression toward a therapist of feelings linked with earlier life relationships

question

Which therapeutic approach emphasizes that people are often disturbed because they mistakenly believe they must please everyone and be successful at everything?

answer

d. rational-emotive therapy

question

The most common ingredient underlying the success of diverse psychotherapies is the:

answer

d. client's expectation that psychotherapy will make things better

question

Mental health workers label behavior psychologically disordered when they judge it:

answer

d. atypical, disturbing, maladaptive, and unjustifiable

question

Frequent nightmares, insomnia and the intrusion of painful memories are symptoms most commonly associated with:

answer

d. Post-traumatic stress disorder

question

*DSM-IV is a widely used symptom for:

answer

classifying psychological disorders

question

*A physician who specializes in the treatment of psychological disorders is called a:

answer

e. psychiatrist

question

George, an 18 yr old college freshman, has missed almost all his classes during the past month. He spends most of his time in bed, usually not even bothering to dress or eat. George thinks his whole life has been a failure and blames himself for being a social misfit. He is likely suffering from:

answer

c. major depression

question

False beliefs of persecution or grandeur that may accompany schizophrenia are called:

answer

b. delusions

question

Major depression is most likely to be characterized by:

answer

e. feelings of personal worthlessness

question

A person who consistently exhibits little remorse for wrong-doing, even towards friends and family members, would most likely be diagnosed as having:

answer

a. an antisocial personality disorder

question

MATCHING

answer

...

question

Rods

answer

Vision in dim light

question

The sex chromosome found in both Women and Men

answer

X Chromosome

question

A complex module containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes

answer

DNA

question

Removal of an aversive stimulus

answer

Negative Reinforcement

question

The reappearance of a weakened conditioned response

answer

Spontaneous Recovery

question

Presentation of an aversive stimulus

answer

Punishment

question

Presentation of a desired stimulus

answer

Positive Reinforcement

question

Tendency for similar stimuli to evoke a conditioned response

answer

Generalization

question

The sex chromosome found only in men

answer

Y Chromosome

question

Non-genetic influence

answer

Environment

question

An emotion-arousing stimulus triggers cognitive and body responses simultaneously

answer

Cannon-Bard theory

question

Emotional Release

answer

Catharsis

question

Flow

answer

state of focused consciousness

question

Organizational Psychology

answer

examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity

question

Flashbulb memory

answer

a clear recollection of an emotionally significant moment

question

Lie Detector

answer

Polygraph

question

Mnemonic devices

answer

memory techniques that use vivid imagery

question

A limitless and relatively permanent storage component of memory

answer

long-term memory

question

Impotence

answer

an inability to have or maintain an erection

question

"As-If-Theory"

answer

James-Lang theory

question

Delusions

answer

false beliefs that may accompany psychological disorder

question

Antisocial personality

answer

an individual who seems to have no conscience

question

Bipolar disorder

answer

a type of mood disorder

question

Lobotomy

answer

type of psychosurgery

question

Free Association

answer

technique of psychoanalytic therapy

question

Collective Unconscious

answer

the repository of universal memories, proposed by Jung

question

Personality Inventory

answer

questionnaire used to asses personality traits

question

Oedipus Complex

answer

the child's sexual desire toward the opposite sex parent

question

Schizophrenia

answer

a group of disorders marked by disorganized thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions

question

Panic Attack

answer

a sudden escalation by a sensation of choking or other physical symptoms

question

Hallucination

answer

a false sensory experience

question

Rational-emotive therapy

answer

attempts to eliminate irrational thinking through a confrontational approach

question

Person-centered therapy

answer

therapy developed by Carl Rogers

question

Psychoanalysis

answer

therapy based on Freud's theory of personality

question

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

answer

a disorder characterized by repetitive thoughts and actions

question

TRUE/FALSE

answer

...

question

1. Parents have a stronger influence than do peers on whether a youth starts smoking

answer

False

question

2. Genes act as blueprints that lead to the same result no matter the context

answer

False

question

3. The sequence in which children develop motor skills varies from one culture to another

answer

False

question

4. Current research shoes that young children are more capable and development is more continuous than Piaget believed

answer

True

question

5. Intelligence declines throughout adulthood

answer

False

question

6 .Laboratory experiments have laid to rest all criticisms of ESP

answer

False

question

7. Perception is infleunced by psychological factors such as set and expectation as well as by physiolgical events

answer

True

question

8. When you know something, it's hard to mentally stimulate what it's like to not know it.

answer

True

question

9. Operant conditioning involves behavior that is primarily reflexive

answer

False

question

10. Although punishment may be effective in suppressing behavior, it can have several undesirable side effects

answer

True

question

Completion

answer

...

question

When information that is stored in memory temporarily cannot be found, _______________ failure has occurred.

answer

memory retrieval

question

One theory proposed that people develop a homosexual orientation if they are segregated with ____ (their own/the other) gender at the time their sex drive matures. The fact that early homosexual behavior _____ (does/doesnot) make people homosexual _____ (supports/ conflicts with) this theory

answer

their own; does not; conflicts with

question

By and large, experts ______ (agree/do not agree) that lie detector tests are highly accurate

answer

do not agree

question

Examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity _______.

answer

organizational psychology

question

The aim of drive reduction is to maintain a constant internal state called _____.

answer

Homeostasis

question

Behavior if often not so much pushed by our drive as it it pulled by ______ in the environment

answer

conditions

question

Encoding that requires attention and effort is called __________>

answer

effortful processing

question

The system of rules that enable us to use our language to speak to and understand others called ________.

answer

WE DONT FREAKING KNOW

question

Some homosexuals struggle with their sexual orientation and are at increased risk of ______ attempts.

answer

suicide

question

Most human fears are acquired through ________.

answer

Experience

question

The most widely used system for classifying psychological disorders is the ___ ___ ___ ___.

answer

DSM IV

question

Disorders in which a person has irrational ideas, faulty perceptions and is not in touch with reality are called ___.

answer

schizophrenia

question

Translated literally, schizophrenia means ___ ___.

answer

split mind

question

Mood disorders are characterized by ___ extremes.

answer

emotional

question

The TAT and Rorschach are examples of a ___ ___.

answer

personality test

question

According to Freud, personality consists of three structures: ___, ___ and ___.

answer

id ego superego

question

According to Freud, personality is formed as the child passes through a series of ___ stages.

answer

psychosexual

question

The ego attempts to protect itself against anxiety through the use of ___ ___.

answer

defense mechanisms

question

An individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and acting is ___.

answer

personality

question

The beneficial effect of a person's belief in treatment is called the ___ ___.

answer

placebo effect

question

Several studies found that treatment for mild problems offered by paraprofessionals ___ (is/is not) as effective as that offered by professional therapists.

answer

is

question

Freud's technique in which a client says whatever comes to mind is called ___ ___.

answer

free association

question

The humanistic therapy based on Roger's theory is called ___-___ therapy. It is so named because the therapist ___ (interprets/does not interpret) the person's problems.

answer

person-centered; does not interpret

question

Today, most psychosurgery has been replaced by the use of ___ or some other form of treatment.

answer

drugs or therapy

question

Psychological therapy is most commonly called ___.

answer

psychotherapy

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