PSY FINAL – Flashcard Test Answers
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
_____ is a period of rapid physical maturation involving hormonal and bodily change.
answer
Pubety
question
According to Plato, ___ appears in adolescence.
answer
Reason
question
G. Stanley Hall described adolescence as a period of...
answer
Considerable turmoil.
question
Historians believe the concept of adolescence was first formed from ____; they now call this period the "age of adolescence."
answer
1890 to 1920
question
Psychologists such as Peter Benson believe that U.S. social policies...
answer
place too much empasis on developmental deficits of youth and not enouogh on strengths.
question
According to statistics from 2006, approximately ____% of children and adolescents in the United States are living in poverty.
answer
22%
question
Which of the following characterizes emerging adulthood? A) It occurs when the individual is about 16-22 yrs old B) It is a period when most people are financially self-sufficient. C) Most people get married during this developmental period. D) It is a period of experimentation and exploration.
answer
D) It is a period of experimentation and exploration.
question
Jeffery Arnett concluded that five key features characterize emerging adulthood: exploring one's identity, experienceing instability, feeling in-between, sensing an age of possibilities, and ____.
answer
Being self-focused
question
Piaget's theory is a ____ developmental theory with ___ stages
answer
Cognitive; four
question
Puberty takes place between ages ____ for most youth.
answer
9 and 16
question
Chemical substances that are secreted by the endocrine glands and carried by the bloodstream are known as...
answer
Hormones
question
Vygotsky stressed the role of _____ on cognitive development. A) Interaction with others B) Cooperative activities C) Social influences D) All of these
answer
D) All of these
question
Robert Sternberg's beliefs about wisdom focus on a balance between ____ and ____.
answer
Self interest; interests of others.
question
____ are the main class of sex hormones in males; and ___ are the main class of female sex hormones.
answer
Androgens; estrogens
question
Which of the following concepts has been attributed to Jean Piaget? A) Children as active knowers B) Adaptation C) Use of schemes to organize our experiences D) All of these
answer
D) All of these
question
Carl Rogers argued that a strong discrepancy between the real aself and the ideal self is a sign of....
answer
Maladjustment
question
Researcher Labouvie-Vief asserts that the development of a coherent, integrated worldview does not happen until which ages?
answer
30-39
question
Erikson called the gap between the security of childhood and adult autonomy a....
answer
Psychosocial moratorium.
question
Individuals who are about the same age or maturity level are called....
answer
Peers
question
Which of the following theorists stressed that it is through peer interaction that adolescents learn the symmetrical reciprocal mode of relationships? A) George Kelly B) Melanie Klein C) Harry Stack Sullivan D) Viktor Frankel
answer
C) Harry Stack Sullivan
question
Research on premarital education has shown all of the following to be true EXCEPT A) Premarital education has been linked to lower rates of divorce. B) Premarital education has been linked to lower levels of destructive marital conflict. C) Premarital education is best if the couple begins classes at least a year before the marriage. D) Premarital education focuses on relationship advice.
answer
C) Premarital education is best if the couple begins classes at least a year before the marriage.
question
The most influential theorist in the study of adolescent friendship has been....
answer
Harry Stack Sullivan.
question
The key concept in understanding Kohlberg's theory of moral development is...
answer
internalization
question
The two stages of Kohlberg's preconventional reasons level are individualism, instrumental purpose, and exchange, and...
answer
Punishment and obedience orientation
question
Which of the following is good advice for parents and emerging adult children who are considering living together? A) Agree on conditions ahead of time B) Treat each other as adults C) Address and concerns that arise before hard feelings develop D) All of these are good advice
answer
D) All of these are good advice
question
The two ethnic groups that tend to place the largest emphasis on family duty and obligation are Asian Americans and...
answer
Latinos
question
Which of the following is NOT one of the basic socail needs identified by Harry Stack Sullivan? A) Need for secure attachment B) Need for competitive companionship C) Need for intimacy D) Need for social acceptance
answer
B) Need for competitive companionship
question
In the Murian culture of Eastern India, children live...
answer
In dormitories from age 6 until marriage.
question
Which of the following statements about peer groups across the world is TRUE? A) Street youth rely on peer networks for survival. B) In cultures where peer interaction is limited, adolescents rely more on the advice of parents. C) The peer group is more important to Japanese adolescents than to adolescents in the United States. D) In Sub-Saharan Africa, peers are not an important aspect of adolescents' lives.
answer
A) Street youth rely on peer networks for survival
question
Which of the following statements regarding the constructivist view of student learning is TRUE? A) It is learner-centered B) Individuals actively construct their knowledge. C) Teachers are guides to learning. D) All of these are true
answer
D) All of these are true
question
The U.S. government's effort to hold schools accountable for the success or failure of their students is called the ____ initiative
answer
No Child Left Behind
question
Which of the following statements about the transition from high school to college is NOT true? A) There is an increased focus on achievement and performance. B) The transition to college usually involved moving to a more personal setting. C) Students have more time to spend with peers in college. D) Students have more opportunities to explore different values in college
answer
B) The transition to college usually involved moving to a more personal setting.
question
The largest group of U.S. students to receive special education is children with...
answer
learning disabilities
question
Adolescents who are gifted have a superior talent in some domain and/or...
answer
have an above-normal average IQ, usually 130 or higher
question
Rewards and punishments are______ in adolescents' motivation.
answer
Extrinsic factors
question
Which psychological approaches stress the importance of intrnsic motivation in achievement?
answer
Humanistic approaches
question
Which of the following is NOT true of individuals who score highly on John Holland's realistic career-personality type? A) They like working in manual activities B) They prefer to work with others rather than alone. C) They have difficulty in demanding situations D) They like the outdoors
answer
B) They prefer to work with others rather than alone
question
The top-dog phenomenon occurs when...
answer
students go from being the most powerful in a school to the least powerful in a new, higher-level school.
question
The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation funds dropout-reduction programs that emphasize which strategy?
answer
Keeping at-risk students with the same teachers through their high school years
question
Which approach emphasizes that biological, psychological, and social factors interact to produce the problems that adolescents, emerging adults, and people of other ages develop?
answer
The Biospsychosocial approach
question
Research by Alan Sroufe and colleagues found that anxiety problems in adolescence are linked with...
answer
Insecure resistant attachment in infancy.
question
Research by Alan Sroufe and colleagues has shown a link between avoidant attachment in infancy and _____ in adolescence.
answer
Conduct problems
question
The behavioral problems that most likely cause adolescents to be referred to a clinic for mental health treatments are...
answer
feelings of sadness or depression
question
Which of the following statements about being overweight is TRUE? A) Being overweight as a child is a strong predictor of being overweight as an adolescent. B) Numbers of overweight emerging adults, as well as children and adolescents, have increased recently. C) African American girls and Latino boys have especially high rates of being overweight in adolescence D) All of these are true
answer
D) ALl of these are true
question
Which of the following is the BEST way to treat depression in adolescence? A) Cognitive behavioral therapy B) Antidepressent medication C) A Combination of cognitive behavioral therapy and antidepressant medication D) Psychoanalytic therapy
answer
C) A combination of cognitive behavioral therapy and antidepressant medication
question
Suicide is the ____ leading cause of death in 10-19-year-olds in the US
answer
Third
question
Addictive drugs, such as heroin, that cause a feeling of euphoria and pain relief, are known as...
answer
opiates
question
Which of the following drugs is a prescription painkiller?A) Vicodin B) Vitorin C) Heroin D) Lovaza
answer
B) Viorin
question
The "I Have a Dream" Program is designed to...
answer
prevent students from dropping out of school.
question
ADHD is categorized as...
answer
a disability
question
A learning disability can involved all of the following EXCEPT difficulty with A) Math B) Reading C) Spelling D) Music
answer
D) Music
question
Recent research has shown that in many families around the world today, children are likely to be reared...
answer
in a manner that combines individualistic and collectivist ways.
question
In the US an event that comes closest to culture-wide rite of passage is...
answer
High-school graduation
question
Wes takes a career-personality test that says that he would be best suited for a career as a farmer, truck driver, or pilot. These careers match which of the career-related personality types identified by John Holland?
answer
Realistic
question
The two main approaches to student learning are constructivist and...
answer
direct instruction
question
The transition to middle school or junior high school is stressful because...
answer
many changes are taking place at the same time.
question
Individuals who have a severe impairment in their ability to read and spell have a type of learning disability known as...
answer
dyslexia
question
ADHD is best treated with...
answer
medication and behavior management
question
A written statement that spells out a program specifically tailored for children or adolescents with a disability is called...
answer
an individualized education plan.
question
Educating a child or adolescent with special education needs in the regular classroom fulltime is called...
answer
inclusion.
question
Which of the following is NOT true of adolescents and achievement? A) Adolescence is a critical juncture in achievement. B) As demands on adolescents intensify, different areas of their lives may come into conflict. C) Adolescents' achievement is primarily due to their intellectual abilities. D) New academic and social pressures force adolescents toward different roles.
answer
C) Adolescents' achievement is primarily due to their intellectual abilities
question
Self-determination, curiosity, challenge, and effort are all _____ in adolescents' motivation.
answer
Intrinsic factors
question
Which of the following is NOT a social context in career development? A) Socioeconomic status B) Geographical location C) Influences of parents D) Influences of peers
answer
B) Geographical location
question
Which of the following is NOT one of career-related personality types identified by John Holland? A) Professional B) Realistic C) Social D) Conventional
answer
A) Professional
question
Holland's personality types are incorporated into the _____, a widely used measure in career guidance.
answer
The Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
question
The tendency to facor one's own cultural group over other groups is known as
answer
Ethnocentrism
question
In individualistic cultures, which of the following in NOT one of the four beliefs that parents have identified as necessary for adolescent autonomy? A) Personal choice B) Extrinsic motivation C) Self-esteem D) Self-maximization
answer
B) Extrinsic motivation
question
Which of the following is one of the three values that reflect parents' beliefs in collectivist cultures? A) Respect and obedience B) Competitiveness C) Personal choice D) Intrinsic motivation
answer
A) Respect and obedience.
question
Socioeconomic status (SES) refers to a grouping of people who are similar in all of the following characteristics EXCEPT A) Ethnicity B) Economic C) Educational D) Occupational
answer
A) Ethnicity
question
Immigrants from different ethnicity have different A) Reasons for migrating B) Socioeconomic backgrounds C) Social and historical backgrounds D) All of these
answer
D) All of these
question
Which of the following results was found in a recent study of participants in online teen chat rooms?
answer
Younger participants (10-13) disclosed the most about their identity.
question
Which of the following would NOT be considered a psychological factor in an adolescent's problems?
answer
Socioeconomic status
question
Peers and _____ influences are believed to be especially important factors in adolescent problems.
answer
Family
question
Variations in the psychological problems that adolescents experience across cultures are linked to all of the following EXCEPT
answer
Geographic location of the culture.
