PSY FINAL – Flashcard Test Answers
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Psychologists such as Peter Benson believe that U.S. social policies...
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place too much empasis on developmental deficits of youth and not enouogh on strengths.
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According to statistics from 2006, approximately ____% of children and adolescents in the United States are living in poverty.
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22%
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Which of the following characterizes emerging adulthood? A) It occurs when the individual is about 16-22 yrs old B) It is a period when most people are financially self-sufficient. C) Most people get married during this developmental period. D) It is a period of experimentation and exploration.
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D) It is a period of experimentation and exploration.
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Jeffery Arnett concluded that five key features characterize emerging adulthood: exploring one's identity, experienceing instability, feeling in-between, sensing an age of possibilities, and ____.
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Being self-focused
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Piaget's theory is a ____ developmental theory with ___ stages
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Cognitive; four
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Puberty takes place between ages ____ for most youth.
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9 and 16
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Chemical substances that are secreted by the endocrine glands and carried by the bloodstream are known as...
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Hormones
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Vygotsky stressed the role of _____ on cognitive development. A) Interaction with others B) Cooperative activities C) Social influences D) All of these
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D) All of these
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Robert Sternberg's beliefs about wisdom focus on a balance between ____ and ____.
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Self interest; interests of others.
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____ are the main class of sex hormones in males; and ___ are the main class of female sex hormones.
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Androgens; estrogens
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Which of the following concepts has been attributed to Jean Piaget? A) Children as active knowers B) Adaptation C) Use of schemes to organize our experiences D) All of these
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D) All of these
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Carl Rogers argued that a strong discrepancy between the real aself and the ideal self is a sign of....
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Maladjustment
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Researcher Labouvie-Vief asserts that the development of a coherent, integrated worldview does not happen until which ages?
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30-39
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Erikson called the gap between the security of childhood and adult autonomy a....
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Psychosocial moratorium.
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Individuals who are about the same age or maturity level are called....
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Peers
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Which of the following theorists stressed that it is through peer interaction that adolescents learn the symmetrical reciprocal mode of relationships? A) George Kelly B) Melanie Klein C) Harry Stack Sullivan D) Viktor Frankel
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C) Harry Stack Sullivan
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Research on premarital education has shown all of the following to be true EXCEPT A) Premarital education has been linked to lower rates of divorce. B) Premarital education has been linked to lower levels of destructive marital conflict. C) Premarital education is best if the couple begins classes at least a year before the marriage. D) Premarital education focuses on relationship advice.
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C) Premarital education is best if the couple begins classes at least a year before the marriage.
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The most influential theorist in the study of adolescent friendship has been....
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Harry Stack Sullivan.
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The key concept in understanding Kohlberg's theory of moral development is...
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internalization
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The two stages of Kohlberg's preconventional reasons level are individualism, instrumental purpose, and exchange, and...
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Punishment and obedience orientation
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Which of the following is good advice for parents and emerging adult children who are considering living together? A) Agree on conditions ahead of time B) Treat each other as adults C) Address and concerns that arise before hard feelings develop D) All of these are good advice
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D) All of these are good advice
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The two ethnic groups that tend to place the largest emphasis on family duty and obligation are Asian Americans and...
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Latinos
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Which of the following is NOT one of the basic socail needs identified by Harry Stack Sullivan? A) Need for secure attachment B) Need for competitive companionship C) Need for intimacy D) Need for social acceptance
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B) Need for competitive companionship
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In the Murian culture of Eastern India, children live...
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In dormitories from age 6 until marriage.
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Which of the following statements about peer groups across the world is TRUE? A) Street youth rely on peer networks for survival. B) In cultures where peer interaction is limited, adolescents rely more on the advice of parents. C) The peer group is more important to Japanese adolescents than to adolescents in the United States. D) In Sub-Saharan Africa, peers are not an important aspect of adolescents' lives.
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A) Street youth rely on peer networks for survival
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Which of the following statements regarding the constructivist view of student learning is TRUE? A) It is learner-centered B) Individuals actively construct their knowledge. C) Teachers are guides to learning. D) All of these are true
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D) All of these are true
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The U.S. government's effort to hold schools accountable for the success or failure of their students is called the ____ initiative
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No Child Left Behind
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Which of the following statements about the transition from high school to college is NOT true? A) There is an increased focus on achievement and performance. B) The transition to college usually involved moving to a more personal setting. C) Students have more time to spend with peers in college. D) Students have more opportunities to explore different values in college
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B) The transition to college usually involved moving to a more personal setting.
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The largest group of U.S. students to receive special education is children with...
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learning disabilities
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Adolescents who are gifted have a superior talent in some domain and/or...
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have an above-normal average IQ, usually 130 or higher
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Rewards and punishments are______ in adolescents' motivation.
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Extrinsic factors
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Which psychological approaches stress the importance of intrnsic motivation in achievement?
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Humanistic approaches
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Which of the following is NOT true of individuals who score highly on John Holland's realistic career-personality type? A) They like working in manual activities B) They prefer to work with others rather than alone. C) They have difficulty in demanding situations D) They like the outdoors
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B) They prefer to work with others rather than alone
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The top-dog phenomenon occurs when...
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students go from being the most powerful in a school to the least powerful in a new, higher-level school.
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The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation funds dropout-reduction programs that emphasize which strategy?
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Keeping at-risk students with the same teachers through their high school years
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Which approach emphasizes that biological, psychological, and social factors interact to produce the problems that adolescents, emerging adults, and people of other ages develop?
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The Biospsychosocial approach
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Research by Alan Sroufe and colleagues found that anxiety problems in adolescence are linked with...
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Insecure resistant attachment in infancy.
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Research by Alan Sroufe and colleagues has shown a link between avoidant attachment in infancy and _____ in adolescence.
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Conduct problems
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The behavioral problems that most likely cause adolescents to be referred to a clinic for mental health treatments are...
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feelings of sadness or depression
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Which of the following statements about being overweight is TRUE? A) Being overweight as a child is a strong predictor of being overweight as an adolescent. B) Numbers of overweight emerging adults, as well as children and adolescents, have increased recently. C) African American girls and Latino boys have especially high rates of being overweight in adolescence D) All of these are true
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D) ALl of these are true
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Which of the following is the BEST way to treat depression in adolescence? A) Cognitive behavioral therapy B) Antidepressent medication C) A Combination of cognitive behavioral therapy and antidepressant medication D) Psychoanalytic therapy
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C) A combination of cognitive behavioral therapy and antidepressant medication
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Suicide is the ____ leading cause of death in 10-19-year-olds in the US
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Third
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Addictive drugs, such as heroin, that cause a feeling of euphoria and pain relief, are known as...
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opiates
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Which of the following drugs is a prescription painkiller?A) Vicodin B) Vitorin C) Heroin D) Lovaza
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B) Viorin
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The "I Have a Dream" Program is designed to...
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prevent students from dropping out of school.
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ADHD is categorized as...
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a disability
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A learning disability can involved all of the following EXCEPT difficulty with A) Math B) Reading C) Spelling D) Music
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D) Music
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Recent research has shown that in many families around the world today, children are likely to be reared...
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in a manner that combines individualistic and collectivist ways.
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In the US an event that comes closest to culture-wide rite of passage is...
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High-school graduation
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Wes takes a career-personality test that says that he would be best suited for a career as a farmer, truck driver, or pilot. These careers match which of the career-related personality types identified by John Holland?
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Realistic
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The two main approaches to student learning are constructivist and...
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direct instruction
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The transition to middle school or junior high school is stressful because...
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many changes are taking place at the same time.
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Individuals who have a severe impairment in their ability to read and spell have a type of learning disability known as...
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dyslexia
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ADHD is best treated with...
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medication and behavior management
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A written statement that spells out a program specifically tailored for children or adolescents with a disability is called...
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an individualized education plan.
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Educating a child or adolescent with special education needs in the regular classroom fulltime is called...
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inclusion.
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Which of the following is NOT true of adolescents and achievement? A) Adolescence is a critical juncture in achievement. B) As demands on adolescents intensify, different areas of their lives may come into conflict. C) Adolescents' achievement is primarily due to their intellectual abilities. D) New academic and social pressures force adolescents toward different roles.
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C) Adolescents' achievement is primarily due to their intellectual abilities
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Self-determination, curiosity, challenge, and effort are all _____ in adolescents' motivation.
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Intrinsic factors
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Which of the following is NOT a social context in career development? A) Socioeconomic status B) Geographical location C) Influences of parents D) Influences of peers
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B) Geographical location
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Which of the following is NOT one of career-related personality types identified by John Holland? A) Professional B) Realistic C) Social D) Conventional
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A) Professional
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Holland's personality types are incorporated into the _____, a widely used measure in career guidance.
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The Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
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The tendency to facor one's own cultural group over other groups is known as
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Ethnocentrism
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In individualistic cultures, which of the following in NOT one of the four beliefs that parents have identified as necessary for adolescent autonomy? A) Personal choice B) Extrinsic motivation C) Self-esteem D) Self-maximization
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B) Extrinsic motivation
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Which of the following is one of the three values that reflect parents' beliefs in collectivist cultures? A) Respect and obedience B) Competitiveness C) Personal choice D) Intrinsic motivation
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A) Respect and obedience.
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Socioeconomic status (SES) refers to a grouping of people who are similar in all of the following characteristics EXCEPT A) Ethnicity B) Economic C) Educational D) Occupational
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A) Ethnicity
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Immigrants from different ethnicity have different A) Reasons for migrating B) Socioeconomic backgrounds C) Social and historical backgrounds D) All of these
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D) All of these
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Which of the following results was found in a recent study of participants in online teen chat rooms?
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Younger participants (10-13) disclosed the most about their identity.
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Which of the following would NOT be considered a psychological factor in an adolescent's problems?
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Socioeconomic status
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Peers and _____ influences are believed to be especially important factors in adolescent problems.
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Family
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Variations in the psychological problems that adolescents experience across cultures are linked to all of the following EXCEPT
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Geographic location of the culture.
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