Psy chapter 1-7 – Flashcards

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A procedure in which an observer describes the simple elements of a complex experience in as much detail as possible is called:
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introspection
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Which method relies on questionnaires or interviews
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survey
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Which psychologist is incorrectly matched with an associated perspective?
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Vygotsky - biological
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In an experiment, the _____ variable is measured by the researcher
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dependent
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In _____ review, other psychologists examine an article submitted for publication and make recommendations regarding its acceptance, revision, or rejection
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peer
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Research focused on changing behaviors or outcomes is called _____ research.
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appiled
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When a researcher debriefs her participants, she
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tells them they can stop taking part at any time
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In an experiment, the _____ variable is deliberately manipulated by the researcher.
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independent
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The correlation coefficient ranges from _____ to _____.
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-1.00; 1.00
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In a journal article in psychology, the specific hypothesis tested in the research usually appears in the:
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introduction.
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Bundles of neurons carrying information to and from the central nervous system are called
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nerves
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The breaks between segments of an axon's myelin sheath are called:
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nodes of Ranvier.
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The neurotransmitter dopamine is involved in:
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all
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The chemicals that relay signals across the synapses between neurons are called:
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nuerotransmitter
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An axon is a:
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long, tube-like structure extending from a neuron's cell body
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Which disorder reflects damaged myelination?
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multiple sclerosis
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The building blocks of the nervous system are cells called
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neurons
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The central nervous system consists of the _____. The peripheral nervous system comprises the _____.
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brain and the spinal cord; somatic and autonomic nervous systems
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The branch-like fibers extending in clusters from the neuron's cell body are called:
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dendrites.
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The nervous system contains not only neurons but also other cells called:
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glial cells.
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in the most common form of color blindness:
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red and green
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Taste buds are found:
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on the tongue, lining the cheeks, and on the roof of the mouth
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The basilar membrane lines the:
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cochlea.
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The lowest-frequency sound humans can hear is:
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20hz
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The point at which the optic nerves meet and then split is called the optic
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chiasm.
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The life span of an olfactory receptor cell is:
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30 days
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The bones of the middle ear include each of these except the:
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saddle.
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Visible light ranges in wavelength from _____ nm to _____ nm.
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400; 700
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Loudness is measured in:
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dB
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Difficulty falling or staying asleep is referred to as:
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insomnia.
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How long is a typical sleep cycle, in which a sleeper progresses through some or all of the sleep stages?
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90
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Psychologists refer to one's awareness of oneself, one's thoughts, and the environment as:
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consciousness.
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The word "hypnosis" comes from the Greek term for:
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sleep
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Biological processes occurring on a cycle of approximately 24 hours are called:
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circadian rhythms.
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Tranquilizers are more formally known as:
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benzodiazepines.
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Sigmund Freud is associated with the _____ theory of dreams
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wish fulfillment
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A narrow focus on specific stimuli is called:
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selective attention.
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_____ is a type of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response after being paired with a stimulus that would elicit the same response naturally.
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Classical conditioning
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In _____ reinforcement, every instance of a behavior is reinforced.
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continuous
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Reinforcers that satisfy a biological need are called _____ reinforcers
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primary
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Operant conditioning involves forming associations between:
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behavior and consequences.
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Positive reinforcement occurs when:
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a desirable stimulus is added following a behavior
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Perhaps the MOST influential early research on operant conditioning was conducted by:
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Skinner.
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Skinner's work reflected the psychological school of:
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behaviorism
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__ is a form of learning in which an organism responds less strongly to an event following repeated exposures to it.
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Habituation
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Bandura's "Bobo doll" experiments were intended to demonstrate
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observational learning.
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Which of the following sequences BEST reflects the order in which memory processes occur, from first to last?
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encoding, storage, retrieval
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__ amnesia involves an inability to retrieve old memories.
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Retrograde
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Which stage in the information-processing model of memory has the smallest capacity?
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short-term memory
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_ devices are methods for improving memory.
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Mnemonic
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Which of the following sequences best reflects the order of stages in the information processing model of memory?
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sensory memory ; short-term memory ; long-term memory
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Explicit memory is also called _____ memory.
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declarative
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Psychologists use the word _____ to refer to the processes whereby the brain collects, stores, and retrieves information for later use.
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memory
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Massed practice refers to:
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studying for long periods of time without breaks
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People's ability to recall an item from a list depends on where in the list the item occurs. This is known as the _____ effect.
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serial position
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A stimulus that facilitates the recall of information from long-term memory is called a:
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retrieval cue.
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Psychologists define _____ as the capacity to solve problems, adapt to the environment, and learn from experience.
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intelligence
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A test that does not discriminate against the members of any minority group is termed a _____ test.
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culture-fair
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Thinking in the service of a goal is called:
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problem solving.
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The term ______ refers to a measure of the degree to which a characteristic can be attributed to genetic factors.
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heritability
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When one tries to solve a problem, one brings to the situation all sorts of assumptions, habits of mind, and pre-existing knowledge and expectations. All these elements together make up one's usual problem-solving strategy, which is called a(n):
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mental set.
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The first intelligence test was devised by:
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Binet.
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The thin layer of receptors at the back of the eye is called the:
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retina.
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