question

encoding; retrieval

answer

Transforming information into a form that can be stored in memory is called ____________ ; bringing to mind the material that has been stored is called __________.

question

large capacity; short duration

answer

sensory memory

question

very limited capacity; short duration

answer

short-term memory

question

virtually unlimited capacity; long duration

answer

long-term memory

question

names of the presidents of the United States

answer

semantic memory

question

what you did during spring break last year

answer

episodic memory

question

movements involved in playing tennis

answer

nondeclarative memory

question

nondeclarative memory

answer

In which subsystem of long-term memory are responses that make up motor skills stored?

question

relearning

answer

Which of the following methods can detect learning when other methods cannot?

question

recognition

answer

identifying a suspect in a lineup

question

recall

answer

answering a fill-in-the-blank question on a test

question

relearning

answer

having to study less for a comprehensive final exam than for all of the previous exams put together

question

recognition

answer

answering multiple-choice questions in this Study Guide

question

recall

answer

reciting one's lines in a play

question

serial position effect.

answer

When children learn the alphabet, they often learn "A, B, C, D" and "W, X,Y, 2" before learning the letters in between. This is due to the

question

True

answer

Recall is best when it takes place in the same context in which information was learned

question

True

answer

Scores on recognition tests (either multiple-choice or true/false) will be higher if testing and learning take place in the same physical environment.

question

state-dependent memory effect

answer

Which best explains why information learned when one is feeling anxious is best recalled when experiencing feelings of anxiety?

question

When a person uses schemas, memories are always accurate.

answer

Which of the following is nor true of schemas?

question

source monitoring

answer

In order to prevent plagiarism, it is important to practice_________ __________while you are doing research for a research paper.

question

flashbulb memory.

answer

When you remember where you were and what you were doing when you received a shocking piece of news, you are experiencing

question

working memory

answer

Expertise influences reconstructive memory by making _________ function more efficiently.

question

True

answer

Cultural values protect some information from the distorting effects of reconstructive memory.

question

Positive

answer

In general, reconstructed memories of unpleasant events become more___________ overtime.

question

Hermann Ebbinghaus

answer

Who plotted the curve of forgetting?

question

occurs most rapidly at first and then levels off to a slow decline.

answer

The curve of forgetting shows that memory loss

question

not being able to describe the back of a dollar bill

answer

encoding failure

question

waking up in the hospital and not remembering you had an automobile accident

answer

consolidation failure

question

failing to remember_the answer on a test until after you turn in the test

answer

retrieval failure

question

forgetting a humiliating childhood experience

answer

repression

question

calling a friend by someone else's name

answer

interference

question

similar

answer

Retroactive interference is most likely to occur when prior knowledge and new information are

question

True

answer

Accordin to the text, a major cause of forgetting is interference.

question

False

answer

Most psychologists accept decay theory as a good explanation for the loss of information from long-term memory.

question

True

answer

H. M. retained his ability to add to his nondeclarative memory.

question

episodic, semantic

answer

The hippocampus itself is involved primarily in the formation of_________memories; the entire hippocampal region is involved primarily in the formation of___________ memories.

question

long-term potentiation

answer

What is the term for the long-lasting increase in the efficiency of neural transmission at the synapses that may be the basis for learning and memory at the level of the neurons?

question

the misinformation effect

answer

When eyewitnesses incorporate details from an interviewer's questions into their memories of an event, they are demonstrating

question

False

answer

Experts agree that there is no such thing as a recovered memory.

question

encoding

answer

The first step in the memory process is________.

question

rehearsal

answer

Short-term memory seems to have a limited life span — less than 30 seconds. If you want to keep a phone number in short-term memory, you will need to use some form of____________ such as repeating the number several times.

question

working

answer

Another name for short-term memory is ________ memory.

question

chunking

answer

The capacity of short-term memory can be expanded through the use of________

question

semantic

answer

When you take a test in your psychology class, you may be asked to list the names of famous psychologists and their major contributions to psychology. For this task you would use ___________memory.

question

recall

answer

A fill-in-the-blank question requires you to _______ the correct answers.

question

middle

answer

In a list of items, those in the__________position are the items least easily remembered.

question

state dependent

answer

The __________ is the tendency to remember best when in the same physical or psychological state as when the information was encoded.

question

flashbulb

answer

_________memories are a special type of source memory

question

proactive

answer

When Raquel moved to a new town, she had trouble remembering her new ZIP code. Every time she tried to think of her new ZIP code, her old ZIP code seemed to interfere with her recall. This is probably an example of_________interference.

question

encoding

answer

Serge found himself in trouble during his physics test—he could not remember the formulas from class. He realized that he should have been paying more attention during the lectures. His current memory problem is probably due ___________failure.

question

Hippocampal region

answer

The____________ __________ of the brain appears to be very important in the formation of long-term memory.

question

potentiation

answer

One theory of memory suggests that neural transmission becomes more efficient at certain synapses along neural paths. This increase in transmission efficiency is known as long-term __________________

question

anterograde amnesia

answer

A patient survived delicate brain surgery and displayed no signs of personality change or loss of intelligence. Days after the surgery, the doctor realized that the patient was unable to form long-term memories. He was, however, able to remember everything from before the surgery. The, patient was diagnosed as having ____________.

question

retroactive, source monitoring.

answer

The misinformation effect is associated with ____________ interference and a lack of _______ ___________.

question

repression

answer

Freud suggested that traumatic memories are forgotten as a result of __________, a form of motivated forgetting.

question

encoding

answer

The first step in the memory process is known as _________, when information is transformed into a form that can be stored in short-term memory.

question

consolidation

answer

The process in which information is stored in permanent memory involves a change in the brain's physiology. This change is known as

question

rehearsal

answer

You are at a party and meet someone you are really interested in. You get that person's phone number but have no way to write it down, so you use the process of ___________to get it into memory.

question

sensory

answer

The kind of memory that has a large capacity but a very short duration is__________memory.

question

nondeclarative

answer

Alice's ability to remember all the actions required to ride her motorcycle is due to her repetitive practice, to the point where riding it is almost reflexive. Any set of skills acquired this way is part of___________memory.

question

motor skills; facts and information

answer

Implicit memory is to explicit memory as____________ are to ____________ .

question

episodic

answer

Cristina and her friends were talking about some great times they had in high school. Recounting those stories as if they had happened yesterday, the friends were relying on__________ memory.

question

semantic

answer

You use ___________ memory when you answer questions such as "What is the capital of California?"

question

true

answer

An example of good recall is doing well on an essay test.

question

false

answer

An example of good recognition ability is doing well on a fill-in-the-blank test.

question

false

answer

Freud did extensive research on memory. He used nonsense syllables to determine forgetting curves.

question

retrograde

answer

When she was 16 years old, Sarah was severely injured in a car accident and was unconscious for 14 days. She can remember nothing immediately preceding the accident. This is known as __________amnesia

question

new; old

answer

With retroactive interference, __________ information interferes with_________ information.

question

repression

answer

Using ___________, a person removes an unpleasant memory from consciousness.

question

true

answer

Psychologists doubt the validity of people's recovered memories of having been abused in infancy because the hippocampal region of the infant brain is not sufficiently developed to form such memories.

question

hippocampus

answer

It appears that the ____________ is important in the formation of episodic memory.

question

flashbulb

answer

Pablo's vivid memory of the day Princess Diana was killed is known as a ___________ memory.

question

True

answer

Eyewitnesses are more likely to identify the wrong person if the person is of a different race.

question

False

answer

Autobiographical memories are highly resistant to reconstructive distortions.

question

source

answer

Flashbulb memories are a subcategory of _________ memory.

question

encoding

answer

Any steps you take to try to commit something to memory are part of the ________________ process.

question

short-term memory

answer

When you call information for a phone number, but you don't have a pen to write down the number, which part of your memory must attempt to maintain the number while you run around looking for a pen?

question

chunking.

answer

The strategy of grouping bits of information into larger units that are easier to remember is called

question

retrieved.

answer

For information stored in long-term memory to be used, it must first be

question

episodic memories

answer

Memories of a vacation spent with your family would be considered

question

information learned in class

answer

Which of the following is not one of the three types of nondeclarative memories?

question

the middle few

answer

According to the serial position effect, which items on a list are least likely to be recalled?

question

schema.

answer

An integrated framework about people, objects, and events that is stored in long-term memory is called a

question

flashbulb

answer

There is a good chance that you remember exactly where you were and what you were doing when you first heard about the attacks on September 11, 2001. Such a vivid memory is called a(n) ________________ memory.

question

decay theory

answer

Jacquez believes that as you get older, memories that haven't been used will just fade away and disappear. His position is most consistent with which cause of forgetting?

question

proactive interference

answer

David studied French in high school but switched to learning Italian in college. Whenever he tries to speak French, he catches himself instead translating his English phrases into Italian. Why is David forgetting his French?

question

testosterone

answer

Which of the following hormones has not been related to memory processes, according to your text?

question

source

answer

While passing on an interesting bit of gossip to a friend, the friend asks where you heard the information. Try as you might, you can't recall. You have experienced a failure of ________________ memory.

question

infantile amnesia.

answer

Henry, a college student, has difficulty remembering events from the first few years of his life. This is likely due to

question

true

answer

Elaborative rehearsal is the best method for remembering complex information like material for this class.

question

true

answer

A reconstruction of an event may sometimes be based on inaccurate information.

question

True

answer

Hermann Ebbinghaus conducted the first experimental studies on learning and memory.

question

True

answer

The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon is an example of retrieval failure.

question

False

answer

The brain structure associated with transfer of information from short- to long-term memory is the amygdala.

question

True

answer

If the a person's hippocampus is damaged, she may be unable to store new information in long-term memory.

question

True

answer

Your strongest, most long-lasting memories are usually those fueled by your emotions.

question

False

answer

Research suggests that eyewitness testimony is too unreliable to be considered as evidence in criminal court cases.

question

long term potentiation

answer

Donald Hebb and others have found that memory involves transmission at the synapses between neurons. An increase in the efficiency of neural transmission at the synapses that lasts for hours or longer is called _______________.

question

schemas

answer

Sir Frederick Bartlett proposed that reconstructive memories employ _______, frameworks of knowledge and assumptions about people, objects, and events.

question

The serial position effect

answer

For information learned in a sequence, people tend to have better recall for the beginning and ending items than for the middle items in the sequence. What is the name of the effect shown by this statement?

question

Retrieval

answer

Molly's teacher asks her to list the seven colors of the rainbow, and then lists the letters ROYGBIV to help Molly remember the answer. This is an example of a ______cue.

question

remember the slight differences in individual characteristics of their cows.

answer

In one classic study of reconstructive memory, Sir Frederick Barlett described the amazing ability of the Swazi people of Africa to ____________.

question

The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon.

answer

Kwan is staring at his psychology test in disbelief. The question is asking him to name the "father of psychology". Though Kwan is certain he knows the answer, he cannot remember it. This is an example of _________.

question

recognition

answer

Joseph is at the grocery store and cannot remember what frozen food his daughter asked him to buy. He stands at the freezer case looking at the foods until he notices packages of broccoli, at which point he remembers that broccoli is what she wanted. This is an example of a ________ task.

question

About 40% and 65%, respectively.

answer

In two studies of women who had been sexually abused as children and were interviewed 17 and 20 years later, approximately what percentage of the women did Not report remembering the abuse?

question

forgetting

answer

The inability to bring to mind information that was previously remembered is known as __________.

question

Encoding failure

answer

This is a cause of forgetting that occurs when information was never put into long-term memory in the first place.

question

About 50 to 60% of all cases of dementia result from Alzheimer's disease.

answer

Which statement is TRUE with regard to Alzheimer's disease?

question

Consolidation Failure.

answer

______ is a disruption of a physiological process upon which memory depends; it can result from anything that causes a person to lose consciousness.

question

Reconstruction

answer

Arthur can't remember all of the events from his graduation, but he can piece together various parts to create an account of the event. Arthur is engaging in what process?

question

prospective forgetting

answer

Jenny spent Saturday afternoon running errands. When she got home that evening, she realized she had forgotten to stop at the store for batteries. This is an example of __________.

question

People tend to recall information better if they are in the same emotional state as when the information was encoded.

answer

Your psychology professor is lecturing on the state-dependent memory effect. What is she referring to?

question

Recency effect

answer

Joel is a third grade teacher. At the conclusion of the parent/teacher open house, he found himself only able to remember the names of the last two parents he had met. This is likely due to what?

question

infantile amnesia.

answer

The relative inability of older children and adults to recall events from the first few years of life is known as _________.

question

Elaborative

answer

A memory strategy that involves relating new information to something that is already known is _______ rehearsal.

Psy. ch.6 memory study guide – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards