question

All of the following were likely to be part of moral treatment in the 1800s EXCEPT

answer

antipsychotic medication.

question

Both ________ and ________ studied the effects of consequences on the occurrence of behaviors

answer

Thorndike; Skinner

question

One of Aristotle's major contributions to psychology was

answer

his description of consciousness.

question

Compared to the West, in the Chinese "Dark Ages," views of mental illness

answer

began at a more sophisticated level but regressed, like the West, to belief in the supernatural forces, although not for as long or with as negative a reaction to patients.

question

The insanity associated with general paresis

answer

results from an infection of the brain

question

The central principle of classical conditioning is that

answer

after repeated pairings with a stimulus that naturally causes a response, a neutral stimulus will cause a similar response.

question

Who is considered the founder of American psychiatry?

answer

Benjamin Rush

question

The physicians of Alexandria, Egypt, in the era after Alexander the Great were most likely to treat mental patients by

answer

providing activities, massage, and education.

question

Shackling a patient to a wall with little food or heat would be most typical of

answer

the early asylums in Europe

question

The demise of moral management occurred for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

answer

research showed that it had never been effective.

question

Bedlam" in London was one of several hospitals for the mentally ill in different countries that

answer

exhibited their patients for profit.

question

The physicians of the Nancy School

answer

demonstrated the power of suggestion.

question

Behaviorism was

answer

a reaction to what the behaviorists perceived as a lack of scientific rigor in psychoanalysis.

question

Prayer, incantations, and noise-making were all techniques for

answer

exorcising demons

question

What is "mass madness"?

answer

An exhibition of disordered behavior by a group of people that appears to be caused by hysteria

question

The first classification of mental disorders involved

answer

recognizing symptoms that occurred together often enough to be regarded as a type of mental disorder.

question

According to early beliefs, what would characterize an individual with an excess of blood?

answer

Cheerfulness

question

Cicero was feeling depressed. He sought help from Hippocrates. Hippocrates would probably have

answer

prescribed exercise, tranquility, and celibacy

question

Which of the following occurred in the late twentieth century?

answer

A movement of the mentally ill from institutions to the community

question

The Hill-Burton Act

answer

provided funding for mental health treatment in the community

question

Which of the following contributed to the virtual absence of moral management by the nineteenth century?

answer

Advances in biomedical science

question

Which of the following served to publicize the plight of the mentally ill in the mid 1940s?

answer

The publication of The Snake Pit

question

A common treatment for mental illness during the Middle Ages in Europe was

answer

exorcism.

question

What is Clifford Beers known for?

answer

He publicized the brutal treatment that many mental patients received

question

The fact that episodes of mass madness peaked at the time of the Black Death illustrates that

answer

phenomena that impact the society and its structure may also affect mental health.

question

People in the Middle Ages

answer

believed that most witches and mentally ill people were possessed by demons, but in different ways.

question

Early writings show that the Chinese, Egyptians, Hebrews, and Greeks often attributed abnormal behavior to

answer

demonic possession

question

Which one of the following increased the availability of treatment for the mentally ill in the United States?

answer

Dorothea Dix

question

Which of the following individuals is credited with emphasizing the link between brain pathology and mental illness?

answer

Kraepelin.

question

Why was malarial therapy effective in treating general paresis?

answer

The fever that was induced killed off the cause of the observed symptoms

question

Who was one of the first physicians in the early 1500s to criticize the idea that mental illness was due to demon possession (although he did believe the moon influenced the brain)?

answer

Paracelsus

question

Dorothea Dix

answer

is credited with establishing numerous humane mental hospitals in many countries

question

Who is considered to be the "father" of behaviorism

answer

Watson

question

How did early treatment of mental patients in the United States compare to that offered in Europe?

answer

It was comparable to that offered in Europe

question

Medications for psychological disorders

answer

were first used centuries ago

question

If you visited an asylum in the 16th Century in Europe you would likely find

answer

mentally ill people living in conditions of filth and cruelty

question

In the United States, an early treatment involved the belief that

answer

patients needed to choose rationality over insanity and treatments were designed to intimidate patients into choosing correctly

question

Which of the following was a consequence of the rise of the mental hygiene movement and the occurrence of biomedical advances?

answer

The social and psychological environments of mental patients were ignored.

question

Which one of the following is credited with developing a classification system for mental disorders

answer

Kraepelin

question

The doctrine of the four humors

answer

was an explanation for personality traits.

question

Freud and Breuer proposed that allowing patients to discuss their problems under hypnosis would provide a therapeutic emotional release. What is this emotional release called?

answer

catharsis

question

The early asylums

answer

were primarily warehouses for the mentally ill.

question

There is some debate about whether Philippe Pinel

answer

was the first person to remove chains from mental patients in a French mental hospital

question

The Nancy School

answer

advanced the recognition that psychological factors were involved in the development of mental disorders.

question

Recent historical reviews of the literature indicate that the typical accused witch in the Middle Ages in Europe was

answer

an ill-tempered, impoverished woman

question

Imagine that it is 1885. A man complains of "shattered nerves." He is lacking in energy and shows low mood. Physicians specializing in mental conditions (alienists) would likely consider this person

answer

as suffering from neurasthenia

question

In the early nineteenth century, psychiatrists were referred to as

answer

alienists

question

Freud is the first to describe the ________: that the mind could contain information of which it is unaware, but by which it is still affected

answer

unconscious

question

Johann Weyer, in the early 1500s, ________

answer

wrote a book that was condemned by many, arguing that many witches were actually mentally ill.

question

Antisocial personality problems were first written about and described by the ________

answer

Mesopotamians

question

Cleades was feeling depressed. He sought help from Hippocrates. Hippocrates would probably have ________

answer

prescribed exercise, tranquility, and celibacy.

question

During the first half of the twentieth century, mental hospital care would best be characterized as ________

answer

punitive

question

"Bedlam" in London was one of several hospitals for the mentally ill in different countries that ________

answer

exhibited their patients for profit.

question

Medications for psychological disorders ________

answer

were first used centuries ago.

question

What is lycanthropy?

answer

A condition in which people believe themselves to be possessed by wolves

question

In ancient societies, if a person's abnormal conduct consisted of speech that appeared to have a religious or mystical significance, then the person was ________

answer

thought to be possessed by a good spirit or god.

question

Philippe Pinel ________

answer

believed that mental patients were ill and needed to be treated as such-with kindness and caring.

question

The role of learning is the central theme in ________

answer

the behavioral perspective.

question

There is some debate about whether Philippe Pinel ________

answer

was the first person to remove chains from mental patients in a French mental hospital.

question

The Nancy School/Charcot debate is best described as one that focuses on ________

answer

psychology vs. biology.

question

Who established the first experimental psychology laboratory?

answer

Wundt

question

A catharsis is ________

answer

an emotional release.

question

The physicians of Alexandria, Egypt, in the era after Alexander the Great were most likely to treat mental patients by ________

answer

providing activities, massage, and education.

question

The insanity associated with general paresis ________

answer

results from an infection of the brain.

question

Exorcism is ________

answer

still occasionally practiced today for the treatment of psychological problems, sometimes with fatal results

question

Benjamin Rush is credited with all of the following except ________

answer

taking a scientific approach to the study and treatment of mental disorders.

question

Kraepelin is credited with ________

answer

identifying different types of mental disorders.

question

In the United States, an early treatment involved the belief that ________

answer

patients needed to choose rationality over insanity and treatments were designed to intimidate patients into choosing correctly.

question

One of Aristotle's major contributions to psychology was ________

answer

his description of consciousness.

question

The level of success achieved with the use of moral management is surprising because ________

answer

many patients suffered from syphilis, which was, at the time, incurable.

question

In 1983, a large group of West Bank Palestinian girls showed signs of illness. Some thought they were poisoned, but later it was discovered that psychological factors played a key role in most cases. This incident best illustrates ________

answer

mass madness.

question

Behaviorism was ________

answer

a reaction to what the behaviorists perceived as a lack of scientific rigor in psychoanalysis.

question

The Nancy School ________

answer

advanced the recognition that psychological factors were involved in the development of mental disorders.

question

Aristotle believed that ________

answer

mental disorders could not be caused by psychological factors.

question

Mesmer was a proponent of ________

answer

the power of animal magnetism.

question

Which of the following was a reason for the growth of the deinstitutionalization movement?

answer

It was thought to be more humane.

question

During the late nineteenth century, alienists ________

answer

incorporated moral management therapy into treatments.

question

What trend was observed during the Middle Ages in Europe?

answer

Supernatural explanations for mental disorders grew in popularity.

question

Which of the following was a consequence of the rise of the mental hygiene movement and the occurrence of biomedical advances?

answer

The social and psychological environments of mental patients were ignored.

question

The work of Dorothea Dix has been criticized for ________

answer

interfering with the provision of moral therapy.

question

The belief in the four humors as a means of explaining temperament ________

answer

proposed different proportions of each humor in each individual.

question

Humanitarian treatment would be most typical of ________

answer

the hospitals run by Philippe Pinel.

question

If you visited an asylum in the 16th Century in Europe you would likely find ________

answer

mentally ill people living in conditions of filth and cruelty.

question

At the start of the twentieth century in America, public attitudes toward the mentally ill ________

answer

were characterized by fear, horror, and ignorance.

question

Which of the following was an effect of the deinstitutionalization movement?

answer

Some of those released would have been better off remaining hospitalized.

question

Witmer is credited with ________

answer

being the founder of clinical psychology.

question

In 1893, Breuer and Freud published a paper on hysteria. In it they announced that ________

answer

unconscious factors can determine behavior and produce mental disorders.

question

Which of the following is credited with continuing the work of Pinel in the United States?

answer

Benjamin Rush

PSY 250- Chapter 2 Questions – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards