PSY 230 Final - Flashcards

question

Which of these 4-year-old children is MOST likely to be taken to the dentist?

answer

Hailey, whose parents are middle class

question

Dendrite growth is the main reason that brain weight _____ from birth to the age of 2.

answer

triples

question

The frequency of low birthweight in the United States _____ throughout most of the twentieth century, and then _____ in the 1990s and early 2000s.

answer

decreased; increased

question

Jonah and Abigail have been married for 50 years. Jonah is healthy and active, and through his life's work as the owner of a business—work he deeply loved—he saved well for retirement. Based on this, which of the following is most likely TRUE?

answer

Abigail has a high level of well-being because her partner has a high level of well-being.

question

Elle, an adolescent, believes that government should pay for all citizens' health care. From this premise, she reasons about the particulars of how and why government-funded health care would work. This is an example of _____

answer

deductive reasoning

question

From birth until age 2, dendrites in the cortex increase

answer

fivefold

question

For boys, the first ejaculation of seminal fluid is

answer

spermarche

question

_____ is a discipline technique that involves the parent talking to the child and helping the child to understand what he or she did wrong.

answer

induction

question

Statistically, which person is MOST likely to have the greatest health problems due to iron deficiency

answer

16-year-old Marilyn, who is menstruating

question

The theories that stress that human differences are less significant than shared characteristics are _____ theories.

answer

universal

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When capable of concrete operational thought, children _____.

answer

can apply their reasoning to real, tangible situations

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With concrete operational thought, children can _____.

answer

think logically about visible, tangible things

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Upon the completion of the Human Genome Project several surprise findings were made, which include all of the following EXCEPT _____.

answer

humans are extremely genetically different from each other

question

Approximately 12 percent of U.S. couples are _____.

answer

infertile

question

According to Sternberg, creative intelligence requires _____ thinking.

answer

divergent

question

The process by which a sequence of thoughts and action makes the sequence routine, so that it no longer requires conscious thought, is referred to as _____.

answer

automatization

question

The average baby will grow _____ inches in his or her first year

answer

10

question

Because parents so often remind their children of their positive accomplishments, it is common for children to develop _____.

answer

protective optimism

question

What is one effect of lower infant mortality rates?

answer

Mothers have fewer babies.

question

The notion that DNA regulates the aging process is referred to as the

answer

Genetic clock

question

Approximately what percentage of 18 to 25-year-olds in the United States and Canada are of African, Latino, Asian, or Native American descent?

answer

50

question

The measure of health MOST indicative of the quality of one's daily life is

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Vitality

question

A child's typical activity during the oral stage is

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Sucking on a pacifier

question

When 9-year-old children were asked to choose between retribution and restitution for a punishment

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About half chose restitution and half chose retribution

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The field that uses insights into typical development to understand and remediate developmental disorders is developmental

answer

Psychopathology

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A ______ is an average or usual event or experience

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norm

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An individuals phenotype is dependent on ____

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an individual's genes and the environment

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A child having an imaginary friend is an example of

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intrinsic motivation

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Almost all social network engaged in by adolescents is between adolescents

answer

Who are friends

question

Which of the following emotions is the last you develop in an infant

answer

Pride

question

A study of 5-year-old children in Milwaukee showed that those who attended and Montessori preschool were more advanced in _____ skills than those who did not attend

answer

Math

question

Peak fertility occurs _____ years after activated gonads produce mature ova and sperm.

answer

4-6

question

Laniya's three grandchildren live with her because their mother is in jail. The term for the family structure that best describes the household of Laniya and her grandchildren is _____.

answer

skipped generation

question

If he is typical, a 45-year-old man will probably state that he feels _____ his chronological age.

answer

5 to 10 years younger than

question

Carlos attends a school where the teachers often work longer hours, and where students come from a wide geographical area. The class sizes are also small. He knows that the school sets its own standards and receives private money and sponsors. Carlos is attending a _____ school.

answer

charter

question

Freud would attribute an adult's fingernail biting and overeating to problems during which childhood developmental stage?

answer

oral

question

Designing settings and equipment so that they can be used by everyone—able-bodied, sensory-acute, or not—is known as _____.

answer

universal design

question

Which term is NOT associated with Urie Bronfenbrenner's ecological-systems approach?

answer

mastosystems

question

The quality of resilience is dynamic, which means that it _____.

answer

may change over time

question

Social networking may lead to _____, which happens when there are too many people available to meet and evaluate as potential life partners.

answer

choice overload

question

Helena is participating in a study in which she has to decide if she should cheat on a test. She is asked to rank-order possible solutions to cheating on the test. Helena is participating in a study that is using a _____ Test.

answer

Defining Issues

question

Callie called her friend Sue on Saturday to see if Sue wanted to go to the movies. Sue told Callie she was staying home to study for their upcoming history test. After the call, Callie decided to study instead of go to the movies. Callie was experiencing _____.

answer

peer pressure

question

Tony is 8 months old, and he settles down quickly and listens raptly while his mom sings "The Itsy Bitsy Spider." What factor best account for Tony's interest in this nursery rhyme?

answer

he loves the rhymes and repetition

question

Nine-month-old Taran explores new environments when his mother is present but shows distress when his mother leaves the room. Taran's behavior illustrates a(n) _____ attachment.

answer

secure

question

A baby whose birthweight is significantly lower than expected given the time since conception is referred to as _____.

answer

small for gestational age

question

One of the benefits of children having imaginary friends is _____.

answer

the imaginary friend helps them to develop strategies for emotional control

question

Chanel has recently finished high school and is now attending college. After earning her undergraduate degree she plans to continue on to graduate school. In addition, Chanel is not seriously dating anyone and thinks marriage and parenthood are years away. Chanel is at which developmental stage?

answer

emerging adulthood

question

Ami thinks that she may be negatively compared to another group. According to the theory of stereotype threat, her thinking is MOST apt to _____.

answer

cause her to underperform

question

At what point in development is the sense of hearing already quite acute?

answer

at birth

question

Bob has just been diagnosed with diabetes. His diagnosis will contribute to the _____ rate.

answer

morbidity

question

When children are involved in research participation, the ethical standard is for _____.

answer

children to consent to the research participation (when they are able to consent)

question

When a baby acts upset because a caregiver is leaving, the baby is exhibiting _____.

answer

separation anxiety

question

The process of aging by which the body becomes less strong and efficient is referred to as _____.

answer

senescence

question

Four-year-old Davis believes that God gave his little brother to his mother because she stayed overnight at the hospital. Davis is at the _____ stage of religious faith.

answer

intuitive-projective

question

Each human body cell contains _____.

answer

46 chromosomes

question

Which of the following does NOT characterize self-actualization?

answer

the longing for a secure and stable home

question

Crystal is 25 years old and lives in the United States. Statically, Crystal is most likely to be ____

answer

never married

question

During an identity moratorium, adolescents typically _____.

answer

take on a temporary role and postpone identity-achievement decisions

question

Jeremy was reared in several foster homes and never knew his parents. When he started working with Kent, he became close to Kent's family to the point where they fondly referred to him as "our newfound son." The family has "adopted" Jeremy as _____.

answer

fictive kin

question

Usually, stranger wariness is first noticeable at _____ months.

answer

9

question

According to the New York Longitudinal Study, by approximately 3 months of age infants exhibit a wide enough variety of behaviors that they can be classified as one of _____ temperamental categories.

answer

four

question

Research has found that between the ages of 20 and 60 _____.

answer

metabolism slows down by about a third

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Research indicates that female children who experienced a great deal of _____ while very young also experienced early puberty.

answer

stress

question

Parkinson's disease produces dementia as well as _____.

answer

rigidity in the muscles

question

Increased levels of cortisol are associated with an infant experiencing _____.

answer

sadness

question

James uses the word "more" to mean "I want another cookie." In this case, "more" is a(n) _____.

answer

holophrase

question

The average age of menopause is about _____ years.

answer

51

question

Which individual is least likely to smoke during adulthood?

answer

Julian, from Canada

question

Which of the following happens to the brain during senescence?

answer

neurotransmitter production decreases

question

Which is NOT an essential characteristic of high-quality day care?

answer

a ratio of one adult to three infants

question

Statistically, which student is MOST likely to fall asleep during class?

answer

Rose, age 14

question

If Alisha is like most prospective college students, she is going to select a college based on the _____.

answer

location, preferring a college in her home state

question

The goal of most teacher-directed preschools is _____.

answer

shaping student behavior

question

A female just gave birth to a baby who is preterm and low-birthweight. In addition, the female experienced high blood pressure throughout her pregnancy. This female is most likely _____ years old

answer

14

question

Alex has decided to pursue a career in music, even though his parents want him to study medicine. Alex has decided not to share his future career plans with his parents. Alex is most likely from _____.

answer

Chile

question

Individuals who may especially benefit from preconception, prenatal, or even prenuptial (before marriage) genetic counseling include all of the following EXCEPT _____.

answer

women who are younger than 25 and men who are younger than 30

question

Over the past few decades, the rates of ADHD have _____ in the United States.

answer

increased

question

Ken is a highly skilled electrician and Gwen is his new apprentice. When unexpected problems occur as they work on complex wiring projects, the MOST critical difference between their approaches in successfully completing the job is _____.

answer

Ken's automatic processing

question

Payton has an IQ score of 135. According to the distribution of IQ scores, Payton's IQ falls into what category?

answer

gifted

question

The knowledge that things can be arranged in a logical order is the logical principle of _____.

answer

seriation

question

While Bill's wife was pregnant, he experienced weight gain and indigestion. When she gave birth, he felt sharp physical pain as well. Bill was experiencing _____.

answer

couvade

question

A student believes that divorce is right if the marriage partners are no longer in love, even if the couple has children together. The student is reasoning from a morality of _____ orientation.

answer

justice

question

Companionate grandparents are _____.

answer

happy to be independent of the daily demands of child rearing

question

The recommended daily dose of calcium is _____ milligrams; most teens consume less than _____ milligrams per day

answer

1,300; 500

question

The theory that is contrary to disengagement theory is _____ theory.

answer

activity

question

Transient exuberance is the _____

answer

rapid growth of dendrites during the first few years of life

question

The four dimensions of a parenting style are warmth, discipline, communication, and _____.

answer

expectations for maturity

question

Timur and Juan are playing basketball. Timur shoots the ball and Juan blocks the shot. Timur says, "Wow, I didn't realize how tall you were until you did that!" Timur's comment refers to Juan's _____.

answer

phenotype

question

Benjy is a preschooler. He can put a dish into the microwave and press the "2" button to cook for 2 minutes. One day he sees his mother wipe the front of the microwave with a damp paper towel before she presses a number button. After that, Benjy rubs the front of the microwave with a napkin before he presses the number button. Why?

answer

he is overimitating his mom

question

Within Vygotsky's zone of proximal development, the novice should do all of the following to guide and inspire the more skilled member of society EXCEPT _____.

answer

urge a new competence

question

Knowing that nature and nurture affect every human trait and disorder means all of the following EXCEPT _____.

answer

nurture can always override the potential influence of nature

question

Elderly people who are physically infirm, very ill, or cognitively disabled are referred to as the _____.

answer

frail elderly

question

Levi, age 23, believes that same-sex marriage should be legal. Given what is known about emerging adults and their parents, it is likely that Levi and his parents _____ about that issue.

answer

have similar attitudes

question

With respect to sociocultural context, children from the Varanasi region in India learn what specific ability from their culture?

answer

spatial orientation

question

Timo can detect the difference between displays of 8 and 16 dots, as revealed by a habituation test. Timo is at least how old?

answer

6 months

question

Control processes depend on the _____, which shrinks with age

answer

prefrontal cortex

question

The medication that reduces hypertension in middle-aged adults can _____ for the oldest-old.

answer

be counterproductive

question

Dr. Wegman told her students that they could complete an assignment now and earn 10 points, or complete the assignment in a month and earn 15 points. The majority of students said they preferred to complete the assignment now, demonstrating _____.

answer

delay discounting

question

Birth complications are likely EXCEPT when _____.

answer

a mother is unmarried

question

The first visible signs of senescence are usually observed in a person's _____.

answer

skin

question

According to the text, middle age, if it exists _____.

answer

could begin at 35 or 50

question

Some children of every ethnicity are classified as _____, based on their proficiency in English.

answer

ELL

question

Differential sensitivity means that certain people have genes that _____.

answer

make them more vulnerable to particular experiences

question

Developmentalists who believe that children are born amoral and learn to adopt their community's rules of morality subscribe to the belief that moral development predominantly comes from _____.

answer

nurture

question

The desire to pursue a goal that comes from within a person is called _____.

answer

intrinsic motivation

question

Which psychologist proposed the existence of g?

answer

Gardner

question

In a Swedish study, centenarians were found to be less likely to _____ than octogenarians.

answer

take antidepressant medication

question

According to a longitudinal study, 4-year-old children who were identified as being extremely shy were as emerging adults slower than average to _____.

answer

choose a career

question

_____ is an example of an acute illness, and _____ is an example of a chronic illness.

answer

Heart attack; heart disease

question

Adulthood covers the four decades of life between ages _____ and _____.

answer

25;65

question

Research found that 3-year-olds _____ were better at recognizing differences in newborn faces.

answer

with younger siblings

question

The difference between ADLs and IADLs is that _____.

answer

IADLs require some intellectual competence

question

The new emotions that appear toward the end of a child's second year are _____.

answer

pride, shame, embarrassment, and guilt

question

Which gland(s) receive(s) signals directly from the hypothalamus?

answer

pituitary

question

The final step in the five steps of the scientific method is to _____.

answer

report the results

question

Secure bonds can develop between a child and an adoptive parent when the children are older (ages 4 to 7), especially if the mother had a(n) _____ attachment to her own mother.

answer

secure

question

Enid and Fred, married 52 years, have been living in the same home for the past 30 years. They have a comfortable retirement, and when they need help with something, they can rely on their middle-aged children or young adult grandchildren. However, Enid and Fred are fiercely independent, providing much more care than they receive. This couple's experience is _____ among elders.

answer

very common

question

Dimitri, age 24, is studying to take the exam in order to become a certified public accountant. According to John Holland's six categories of people, Dimitri is MOST likely in the _____ category.

answer

conventional

question

Males have one X and one Y on _____.

answer

the 23rd pair of chromosome

question

As infants acquire language, they say more _____ than any other parts of speech.

answer

nouns

question

What is replication of a study?

answer

the repetition of a study using different participants

question

The signs of REM sleep include flickering of the infant's _____.

answer

closed eyes and rapid brain waves

question

The _____ is the person's appearance, behavior, and brain and body functions.

answer

phenotype

question

A woman in Honduras worked in a field treated with pesticides during her pregnancy. When her son was born, she was horrified to find that he had no limbs. Her pesticide exposure must have occurred during a(n) _____ period of prenatal development.

answer

critical

question

A person's average body mass index (BMI) is the lowest at the ages of _____.

answer

5 to 6

question

Which of the following factors does NOT facilitate increases in the knowledge base?

answer

high intelligence

question

Peyton is a deaf baby whose parents have been communicating with him in American Sign Language. At about what age will Peyton express his first signs?

answer

12 months

question

Preoperational intelligence _____.

answer

allows children to think in symbols

question

During puberty, adolescents' thoughts center on _____.

answer

themselves

question

The part of the brain that seems to be devoted to perceiving faces is the _____.

answer

fusiform face area

question

When it comes to the research on prenatal development and teratogens, scientists _____.

answer

can disagree on the interpretation of research

question

Overall brain slowdown is evident in which of the following ways?

answer

slower reaction time

question

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of typical elder volunteers?

answer

poor health

question

During middle childhood, children themselves contribute to weight gain by getting adults to do what they want, such as buying them candy or junk food. The ability of children to get adults to do what they want has been referred to as _____ power.

answer

pester

question

Jack sees his friends Evan and Liam playing a quiet game of blocks. Jack wants to engage in some rough-and-tumble play, so he grabs one of the blocks and runs a few feet away, looking over his shoulder and displaying a play face. How are Evan and Liam likely to respond?

answer

They will chase Jack and play wrestle

question

According to psychoanalytic theory, the child's prime focus of pleasure in the first year of life is the _____.

answer

mouth

question

The coordinated interaction between caregiver and infant is called _____.

answer

synchrony

question

The last developmental stage of the life span is _____.

answer

late adulthood

question

Chris is high in extroversion and therefore will probably _____.

answer

get married

question

Which example best illustrates a sensitive period?

answer

a child learning to speak a second language

question

Postconventional morality involves _____.

answer

the careful consideration of all options

question

Sensorimotor stage four is the stage of _____.

answer

new adaptation and anticipation

question

The most important buffer against the loss that comes from retirement and widowhood is having _____.

answer

at least one close friend

question

Childhood obesity is usually defined as a BMI above the _____ percentile.

answer

95th

question

Dr. Marquette is a researcher who studies the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information throughout life. What approach to cognitive development does she take?

answer

infromation-processing

question

Which of the following is an example of a single-gene disorder that is dominant?

answer

Huntington disease

question

According to the text, the relatively low rate of interethnic marriages is attributable to _____.

answer

the formation of romantic relationships of similar backgrounds

question

_____ is the thick, high-calorie fluid that is secreted by a new mother's breasts in the days immediately following birth.

answer

colostrum

question

Control processes improve with _____.

answer

age and experience

question

Becky is a 4-month-old infant whose mother uses a high-pitched voice, simple words or phrases, and lots of repetition when she speaks. Becky delights in her mother's use of _____.

answer

child-directed speech

question

Ron thinks he is more unique and admired than other adolescents his age, and is certain that everyone is paying attention to his every action. It appears that he has started to experience adolescent _____.

answer

egocentrism

question

All of the following are reasons why parents should not try to change their child's handedness, EXCEPT _____.

answer

it may create jealousy in siblings who do not need to change their handedness

question

One of the 46 molecules of DNA (in 23 pairs) that virtually each cell of the human body contains and that, together, contain all the genes is called a(n) _____.

answer

chromosome

question

Christopher's mother is considering different wallpapers for decorating Christopher's room. She asks him, "Which one do you like better: the striped or the plaid?" Christopher's vocabulary doesn't include the word "plaid," but he's able to figure out what the word must mean based on the context. Christopher is using _____ to add a new word to his vocabulary.

answer

fast-mapping

question

About _____ percent of U.S. 18- to 29-year-olds use social networking sites to keep in contact.

answer

83

question

Parents of newborn Renata are amazed at their daughter's responsiveness and reflexes when a professional administers the _____.

answer

Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale

question

Johanna watches while her mother hides a toy under a blanket. Her mom asks, "Where is it?" Then Johanna jerks away the blanket to reveal the toy. Which of the following structures best explains Johanna's sense of object permanence?

answer

mirror neurons

question

What proportion of adults over the age of 65 volunteer in formal settings?

answer

one-fourth

question

Elyse broke up with her boyfriend after a fight. She has spent the last week repeatedly going over the fight in her mind, which has caused her to sink into depression. Her continual reliving of the fight is known as _____.

answer

rumination

question

By age 65, what percentage of adults are grandparents?

answer

85

question

Which age group is most likely to be victims and perpetrators of domestic abuse?

answer

emerging adults

question

In Schaie's study, each successive cohort scored higher in adulthood than did the previous generations in _____ and _____.

answer

verbal memory; inductive reasoning

question

To retain information in working memory, individuals must ____

answer

process the information

question

In the United States, less than _____ percent of children under age 11 study a language other than English in school

answer

5

question

With respect to test results, a false negative is the result of a laboratory test that reports something as _____.

answer

false when in fact it is not false

question

Each molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is stored on a(n) _____

answer

chromosome

question

Over the past two decades, more than 50 nations have participated in at least one massive international test of educational achievement. Longitudinal data finds that _____.

answer

if achievement rises, the national economy advances

question

Approximately what proportion of adults in North America become stepparents, foster parents, or adoptive parents?

answer

one-third

question

Leon is asked whether a person should steal food if they are starving. Leon says no because it is against the law. Leon is in Kohlberg's _____ moral reasoning level, in the stage called _____.

answer

conventional; law and order

question

The third step in the scientific method involves _____.

answer

conducting research

question

Which hormone is associated with encouraging care giving behaviors?

answer

oxytocin

question

Which factor helps a young child to demonstrate initiative as Erikson details it in his third stage of psychosocial development?

answer

neurological maturity and a longer attention span

question

Erikson called the final crisis of development _____.

answer

integrity versus despair

question

Synchrony depends on _____.

answer

responsiveness and timing

question

According to a longitudinal study, 4-year-old children who were identified as being extremely shy were as emerging adults slower than average to _____.

answer

choose a career

question

An expert internal medicine doctor may prefer a patient who _____.

answer

has symptoms that do not match any diagnosable condition

question

In 1975 the Education of All Handicapped Children Act stipulated that children with special needs must be educated in the _____.

answer

least restrictive environment

question

Jared, age 5, describes himself as a good soccer player with black hair who laughs a lot. His description demonstrates his developing _____.

answer

self-concept

question

Gross motor skills are _____.

answer

large movements

question

In a study of adolescent agreement and disagreement with policies to remedy racial discrimination (Hughes & Bigler, 2011), most adolescents believed that racism was the cause of disparities between African and European Americans, but adolescents' ages influenced their ideas about solutions to the inequality. Those who were most likely to support systemic solutions (e.g., affirmative action and desegregation) were between the ages of _____.

answer

16 and 17

question

All of the following beliefs reflect cognitive flexibility EXCEPT _____.

answer

all life plans are static

question

On the 23rd pair of chromosomes, _____ have two X chromosomes.

answer

females

question

Alisha took an overdose of prescription pills, but before she lost consciousness she called her mom for help. Alisha was rushed to the hospital for medical attention. Alisha's behavior is defined as _____.

answer

parasuicide

question

The presence of two or more unrelated disease conditions at the same time in the same person is referred to as _____.

answer

comorbidity

question

When they practice walking, babies average between _____ steps per hour.

answer

500 and 1,500

question

Abed is 12 months old, and his uncle Frank is visiting for the first time in 6 months. Frank is delighted to see his nephew, so as he enters the room, he booms, "There's my little man!" Abed looks to his mother, who is smiling broadly at her brother Frank, and crawls to her to be picked up. Abed is demonstrating _____.

answer

social referencing

question

Overregularization in a child's speech patterns indicates that _____.

answer

the child can apply grammatical rules to vocalizations

question

When healthy babies are born, they usually _____.

answer

breathe and cry on their own immediately

question

Susan Beal hypothesized that _____ played a role in SIDS deaths.

answer

sleeping position

question

Early prenatal care can help decrease the risk of prenatal abnormalities; however, it CANNOT provide pregnant women with information about _____.

answer

exact thresholds for teratogens

question

Diagnosis of _____ is most common from ages 18 to 24, with men more likely to develop the disorder than women.

answer

schizophrenia

question

In Erikson's theory, the infant's earliest task is described as that of _____.

answer

learning trust or mistrust

question

According to Erikson, children have _____, and thus believe that they can achieve any goal.

answer

an unrealistic self-concept

question

According to Erikson, who is likely to suffer from loneliness?

answer

an emerging adult who recently got divorced

question

Grace is in her early 20s and exercises regularly. As she ages, what is likely going to encourage her to continue to exercise regularly?

answer

having an active friend

question

Which individual would be at the greatest risk for diet deficiencies?

answer

George, who was born in 1990 and is 18 years old

question

Researchers have discovered that _____ helps a child to develop theory of mind months ahead of a child who does not.

answer

living with older siblings

question

_____ is one of the leading theorists of the information-processing perspective.

answer

Siegler

question

_____ are the sex hormones secreted in greater amounts by males than females.

answer

Androgens

question

Sensory memory improves until about age _____ and then remains adequate until late adulthood.

answer

10

question

According to Erikson's theory, children in middle childhood tend to judge themselves as either _____.

answer

industrious or inferior

question

Dominique was an infant with very few toys, but she concocted things to play with out of what was available in her home in order to develop her brain. This is an example of _____.

answer

self-righting

question

The family stress model illustrates that _____.

answer

the reaction to family poverty is crucial

question

_____ is a common condition because many elderly people take many different prescription drugs.

answer

Polypharmacy

question

Janie is a 3-month-old infant participating in an experiment. She's lying in her crib with one end of a ribbon tied to her foot and the other end tied to a mobile dangling over her crib. She quickly learns that she controls the movement of the mobile with her kicking. One week later, the researchers return, tie the ribbon to her foot and hang the mobile above her crib. Immediately, Janie starts vigorously kicking her leg. What does this experiment demonstrate?

answer

Three-month-olds can remember things for at least a week.

question

Studies indicate that _____ may mitigate maternal depression.

answer

breast-feeding

question

All of Paulo and Geneva's children have moved out, started families, and are working on their careers. According to the text, Paulo and Geneva's home is now a(n) _____.

answer

empty nest

question

When children act as parents and try to take care of everyone, it is called _____.

answer

parentification

question

Genevieve is about to complete her bachelor's degree. If she is typical, once she is established in her career she will earn approximately _____ more per year than a peer without a college degree.

answer

$15,000

question

Pete has been shoplifting for the past year. Unless he experiences an intervention his shoplifting behavior is most likely to lead to _____.

answer

burglary

question

People choose a particular lifestyle and social context, or _____, because it is compatible with their personality traits.

answer

ecological niche

question

Pavlov's experiments with dogs that salivated when they heard a specific noise without the presence of food provide an example of _____.

answer

classical conditioning

question

Since Carter's mother suffers from depression and his father is an alcoholic, Carter is often neglected, but he has a supportive group of friends. Despite his circumstances, he maintains a positive outlook. What may be helping Carter to maintain his positive attitude?

answer

his circle of friends

question

Siegler has studied the day-by-day details of children's cognition in math. He has found that children _____

answer

gradually acquire math knowledge and strategies

question

By the age of 2, a child will typically have a vocabulary of _____ words; by the age of 6, a child will typically have a vocabulary of _____ words.

answer

500; 10,000

question

Different theories and diverse parental practices are associated with toilet training. According to the text, what is the best method for toilet training?

answer

There is no single best strategy for toilet training all children.

question

Fatal disease is _____ worldwide during emerging adulthood.

answer

rare

question

As more is understood about brain development after adolescence, it seems that the characteristics of postformal thought are evident as the brain and, in particular, as the _____, matures.

answer

prefrontal cortex

question

A person's macrosystem includes _____.

answer

political processes

question

As an individual ages, small sensory losses such as a decreased ability to hear nuances of emotion in speech _____.

answer

impair cognition

question

Oliver has inherited genes that put him at risk for developing diabetes, but he never develops diabetes due to a healthy diet and exercise. This example demonstrates that human characteristics, including diabetes, are _____.

answer

epigenetic

question

Avery is 50 years old and is experiencing vaginal dryness, hot flashes, hot flushes, and cold sweats. She is most likely entering _____.

answer

menopause

question

Jessica is reading a story book aloud to her 3-year-old daughter, Abigail. Abigail's father says, "Why are you bothering? It's not like she's going to learn to read from that." What would you tell Abigail's father about reading to preschoolers?

answer

He's wrong; children whose parents read to them as preschoolers tend to be better readers in elementary school.

question

With respect to families today worldwide, all of the following are true statements EXCEPT _____.

answer

there are more children per family

question

Dashiel is 20 months old. His mother tells him that he must not touch the candle that she just lit, and then she turns her back to continue tidying the room. When she turns back around, she sees Dashiel trying to dip his finger in the melted wax under the flame. What best explains Dashiel's behavior?

answer

Dashiel's actions were driven by curiosity.

question

In the United States, almost two-thirds of sexually active women over age _____ are sterilized.

answer

35

question

Which example best illustrates a critical period?

answer

a fetus developing fingers and toes between 28 and 54 days in utero

question

Cooper sees his mother come through the door after work. He squeals, "Mama!" Information-processing theorists would call this an example of _____.

answer

an output

question

What is a dependent variable?

answer

It is the measured variable that may change depending on manipulation of an independent variable.

question

Expert thought is _____.

answer

intuitive, automatic, strategic, and flexible

question

When a person adopts parents' or society's roles and values without questioning and exploring a personal identity, it is referred to as identity _____.

answer

foreclosure

question

Jared, who speaks only English, has moved to Spain with his family. He attends a public school. All of his school subjects are taught in Spanish. Jared is learning Spanish through _____

answer

immersion

question

Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with anorexia nervosa?

answer

average weight

question

With regard to paid work, older employees tend to have _____ compared to younger employees.

answer

less absenteeism

question

Which 4-month-old girl's temperament is the MOST likely to change over time?

answer

Michaela, who is inhibited and fearful

question

Fifteen-year-old Latrina has a 10 P.M. curfew. She asks her parents to extend her curfew to 11 P.M. on weekends. When her parents ask her why, Latrina replies, "I've never been late for my 10 P.M. curfew. You can trust me. Can we at least give it a try?" This is an example of what kind of thinking?

answer

analytical thought

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