question

(Close-Up) In order, the sequence of steps in the SQ3R method is A. survey, question, read, retrieve, review. B. question, review, survey, read, retrieve. C. review, question, survey, read, retrieve. D. survey, review, retrieve, question, read.

answer

A. survey, question, read, retrieve, review.

question

William James was a prominent American A. behaviorist. B. psychoanalyst. C. functionalist. D. structuralist.

answer

C. functionalist.

question

The first psychology laboratory was established by ________ in the year________. A. Freud; 1900 B. Wundt; 1879 C. Watson; 1913 D. James; 1890

answer

C. Wundt; 1879

question

Which psychologists are MOST likely to be involved in applied research? A. developmental psychologists B. biological psychologists C. industrial-organizational psychologists D. personality psychologists

answer

B. industrial-organizational psychologists

question

Discerning the unstated assumptions and values that underlie conclusions best illustrates ________, which is an important learning tool. A. critical thinking B. introspection C. the testing effect D. SQ3R

answer

B. introspection

question

Today, psychology is a discipline that A. is largely independent of other disciplines. B. is focused primarily on basic research. C. connects with a diversity of other fields. D. is focused primarily on applied research.

answer

B. connects with a diversity of other fields.

question

Today, psychology is defined as the A. science of behavior and mental processes. B. science of behavior. C. science of mental phenomena. D. science of conscious and unconscious activity.

answer

B. science of behavior and mental processes.

question

Which of the following individuals is also a physician? A. clinical psychologist B. experimental psychologist C. psychiatrist D. biological psychologist

answer

C. psychiatrist

question

By suggesting that nurture works on what nature endows, psychologists highlight the fact that we are biologically endowed with a capacity for A. learning and adaptation. B. inborn ideas. C. introspection. D. natural selection.

answer

B. learning and adaptation.

question

Dr. Lipka focuses on ways to improve employee job satisfaction and productivity. Dr. Lipka is most likely a(n) ________ psychologist. A. clinical B. industrial-organizational C. developmental D. personality

answer

C. industrial-organizational

question

In defining psychology, the text notes that psychology is most accurately described as a A. way of asking and answering questions. B. nonscientific approach to the study of mental disorders. C. set of findings related to behavior and mental processes. D. field engaged in solving applied problems.

answer

A. way of asking and answering questions.

question

Aristotle suggested that a meal makes us sleepy by causing heat to collect around the A. brain. B. throat. C. stomach. D. heart.

answer

D. heart.

question

The personality theorist, Sigmund Freud, was an Austrian A. chemist. B. politician. C. theologian. D. physician.

answer

D. physician.

question

Which perspective would help us to understand the impact of strokes and brain diseases on memory? A. evolutionary B. neuroscience C. behavioral D. psychodynamic

answer

C. neuroscience

question

Professor Brody attempts to measure the relative contributions of inborn traits and social influences on sexual preferences and behavior patterns. Her research efforts best illustrate the interests of the ________ perspective. A. behavioral B. cognitive C. behavior genetics D. psychodynamic

answer

C. behavior genetics

question

Introspection was the basic research tool used by ________ in order to study people's inner sensations and mental images. A. B. F. Skinner B. Charles Darwin C. John B. Watson D. Edward Titchener

answer

A. Edward Titchener

question

Which subfield is most directly concerned with studying human behavior in the workplace? A. personality psychology B. clinical psychology C. psychiatry D. industrial-organizational psychology

answer

D. industrial-organizational psychology

question

The SQ3R study method emphasizes the importance of A. massed practice. B. retrieving information. C. introspection. D. role modeling.

answer

B. retrieving information.

question

The view that psychology should be an objective science that studies observable human activity without reference to mental processes is known as A. behaviorism. B. cognitive neuroscience. C. positive psychology. D. humanistic psychology.

answer

A. behaviorism.

question

Dr. Caleigh conducts research on the relationship between adults' language skills and their capacity to solve mathematical problems. Dr. Caleigh is most likely a _________ psychologist. A. biological B. social C. cognitive D. clinical

answer

B. cognitive

question

Psychologists who study, assess, and treat troubled people are called A. basic researchers. B. applied psychologists. C. clinical psychologists. D. psychiatrists.

answer

C. clinical psychologists.

question

The biopsychosocial approach provides an understanding of social-cultural influences integrated within the larger framework of A. humanistic psychology. B. multiple levels of analysis. C. introspection. D. SQ3R.

answer

A. multiple levels of analysis.

question

Professor Crisman believes that most women prefer tall and physically strong partners because this preference promoted the survival of our ancestors' genes. This viewpoint best illustrates the ________ perspective. A. evolutionary B. social-cultural C. cognitive D. psychodynamic

answer

B. evolutionary

question

William James was a prominent American A. psychoanalyst. B. behaviorist. C. functionalist. D. structuralist.

answer

C. functionalist.

question

The Greek philosopher who believed that intelligence was inherited was A. Aristotle. B. Descartes. C. Plato. D. Simonides.

answer

C. Plato.

question

Janna has low self-esteem because she is often teased for being overweight. Appreciating the complexity of Janna's difficulties requires A. psychoanalysis. B. a biopsychosocial approach. C. massed practice. D. introspection.

answer

A. a biopsychosocial approach.

question

A. genes and experience B. unconscious and conscious motives C. behavior and mental processes D. massed practice and spaced practice

answer

A. genes and experience

question

Which perspective highlights the reproductive advantages of inherited psychological traits? A. social-cultural B. evolutionary C. behavioral D. cognitive

answer

D. evolutionary

question

Different accounts of the same behavior that together give us a more complete understanding represent different A. natural selections. B. levels of analysis. C. unconscious motives. D. cognitive functions.

answer

B. levels of analysis.

question

The first psychology laboratory was established by ________ in the year________. A. Watson; 1913 B. Wundt; 1879 C. James; 1890 D. Freud; 1900

answer

D. Wundt; 1879

question

Who highlighted the reproductive advantages of environmentally adaptive traits? A. Aristotle B. John Locke C. Plato D. Charles Darwin

answer

D. Charles Darwin

question

In the context of debates over the origins of psychological traits, nature is to nurture as A. Plato is to Aristotle. B. Skinner is to Watson. C. Watson is to Skinner. D. Aristotle is to Plato.

answer

A. Plato is to Aristotle.

question

r. Robinson conducts research on the relationship between brain chemistry and intellectual functioning. Which psychological specialty does Dr. Robinson's research best represent? A. biological psychology B. clinical psychology C. social psychology D. industrial-organizational psychology

answer

A. biological psychology

question

The biopsychosocial approach provides an understanding of social-cultural influences integrated within the larger framework of A. introspection. B. humanistic psychology. C. multiple levels of analysis. D. SQ3R.

answer

A. multiple levels of analysis.

question

Charles Darwin attempted to explain the ________ that he encountered. A. unconscious thought processes B. biopsychosocial approach C. SQ3R method D. species variation

answer

C. species variation

question

William James was a prominent American A. structuralist. B. behaviorist. C. functionalist. D. psychoanalyst.

answer

C. functionalist.

question

The seventeenth-century philosopher who believed that the mind is blank at birth and that most knowledge comes through sensory experience is A. René Descartes. B. Plato. C. John Locke. D. Aristotle.

answer

B. John Locke.

question

Dr. Wilson attributes the delinquent behaviors of many teens to the pressures associated with being members of street gangs. Her account best illustrates a(n) ________ perspective. A. neuroscience B. behavior genetics C. evolutionary D. social-cultural

answer

A. social-cultural

question

Edward Titchener is to structuralism as William James is to ________. A. humanistic psychology B. cognitive neuroscience C. behaviorism D. functionalism

answer

D. functionalism

question

Two historical roots of psychology are the disciplines of A. physiology and chemistry. B. philosophy and physics. C. philosophy and chemistry. D. philosophy and biology.

answer

A. philosophy and biology.

question

Mrs. Alfieri believes that her husband's angry outbursts against her result from his unconscious hatred of his own mother. Mrs. Alfieri is looking at her husband's behavior from a(n) ________ perspective.

answer

A. psychodynamic

question

Professor Lopez believes that severe depression results primarily from an imbalanced diet and abnormal brain chemistry. Professor Lopez favors a ________ perspective on depression.

answer

A. neuroscience

question

Which psychological perspective emphasizes the interaction of the brain and body in behavior?

answer

B. neuroscience

question

Who wrote the early textbook Principles of Psychology?

answer

C. William James

question

Who was a student of William James and the first female president of the American Psychological Association?

answer

D. Mary Whiton Calkins

question

Wilhelm Wundt's laboratory work involved experimental studies of

answer

C. mental processes.

question

Which seventeenth-century European philosopher believed that some ideas are innate?

answer

René Descartes

question

The nature-nurture issue refers to the debate over the relative contributions that ________ make to the development of psychological traits.

answer

genes and experience

question

Functionalism was a school of psychology that focused attention on the

answer

adaptive value of conscious thoughts and emotions.

question

John B. Watson is to Edward Titchener as ________ is to ________.

answer

observable behavior; inner sensations

question

Professor McClure believes that young children are frequently able to make morally correct decisions because humans are endowed with an inborn knowledge of basic ethical principles. The professor's belief is most consistent with the views of

answer

Plato.

question

The way we encode, process, store, and retrieve information is the primary concern of the ________ perspective.

answer

cognitive

question

birthdate of psychology

answer

1879

question

birthplace of psychology

answer

Germany

question

parents of psychology

answer

biology & philosophy

question

structuralism 1. what person is associated with this? 2.what behavior is associated with this?

answer

1. Titchener 2.introspection

question

Functionalism 1. what person is associated with this? 2.what behavior is associated with this?

answer

1. james 2.function of behavior

question

1920's psychology

answer

mental life (things going on in your head)

question

1920's-1960's psychology

answer

observable behavior (things you can see)

question

1960's psychology

answer

cognitive neuroscience (perceive, process, remember)

question

Today's psychology

answer

behavior and mental processes

question

behaviorism 1. what people are associated with this? 2.what behavior is associated with this?

answer

1. WATSON, rainer, skinner, pavlov 2.observation (if you don't see it, it doesn't matter!) NO reference to mental processes.

question

humanism 1. what people are associated with this? 2. what behavior is associated with this?

answer

1. Maslow & Rogers 2. healthy growth potential. "All ppl are grown good". " what you become is a result of what you experience in the world".

question

who's the father of psychology?

answer

Wundt

question

who had the 1st labratory?

answer

wundt

question

females in psychology

answer

calkins & washburn

question

1st female president in APA in 1905

answer

calkins

question

1st woman to be awarded a PHD, 2nd woman APA president (1921)

answer

washburn

question

nature

answer

your genetics/DNA.

question

nurture

answer

your environment.

question

3 levels of biopsychosocial

answer

1. biological: brain, genetics, hormones 2. psychological: emotional, cognitions (actions), learned behaviors. 3.social: others, models, peers

question

how many perspectives are in psychology?

answer

7

question

perspective- could be a medical thing, seizures,etc...

answer

neuroscience

question

perspective-trying to understand behavior w/ survival of the fittest "what purpose does this purpose serve?"

answer

evolutionary

question

perspective- has a nurture component. considering genetics & the environment of the person.

answer

behavioral genetics

question

perspective- dreams, questions, unconcious

answer

psychodynamic: unconscious motives (freud)

question

perspective- what can be observed, focused on learning & learning theories

answer

behavioral

question

perspective- how a person takes in info: encode, process, and store information.

answer

cognitive

question

perspective- culture impacts behavior, also sub-culture (ex. family)

answer

social-cultural

question

delinquent behaviors- pressure from peers

answer

social-cultural perspective

question

delinquent behaviors- poor fit between genetics and environment

answer

behavioral genetics

question

delinquent behaviors- survival behavior (natural selection)

answer

evolutionary

question

What are the components of scientific attitude?

answer

curiosity, skepticism, humility.

question

component of scientific attitude- evaluate, investigate, and explore.

answer

curiosity

question

component of scientific attitude-ask questions, test ideas, accept the conclusions.

answer

skepticism

question

component of scientific attitude-understanding you're sometimes wrong and admitting to that.

answer

humility

question

IRB

answer

institutional review board

question

who has to approve experiments before they take place?

answer

IRB/ Institutional Review Board

question

for experiments, APA requires use of: 1._____, 2._______, 3.__________

answer

1. informed consent 2. confidentiality 3. debrief

question

what is the purpose of informed consent?

answer

a document that gives enough info to the patient to see if they want to participate, the person signs that they are willing willing to take it. person can leave the study at anytime w/o explanation.

question

what is "debriefing" after an experiment?

answer

giving the person as much info as you can w/o jeopardizing the experiment. making sure they are ok.

question

3 methods used in research:

answer

1. descriptive 2. correlational 3. experimental

question

research method: descriptive: 1._______ 2._______ 3.______

answer

1. case studies 2. surveys 3. naturalistic observation

question

research method: correlational: 1.______

answer

association

question

research method: experimental: 1._________

answer

manipulate factors to effect results

question

case study:

answer

1 person studied in depth

question

positives of case studies:

answer

lots of info

question

limitations of case studies:

answer

completely JUST about this 1 person

question

surveys:

answer

many cases, less depth, report

question

sureveys: wording effect:______________

answer

when you write a survey, the different words you use effect the answer of the question.

question

naturalistic observation:__________

answer

describes behavior when you go into their habitat.

question

random assignment

answer

when ppl are randomly assigned for experiments.

question

random sample:____

answer

subset of population (ex. 500 of 9,500)

question

operational definition in research:

answer

specifically define what you are looking for

question

replication of research:

answer

having someone else duplicate your study and they get the same results.

question

experimental group:

answer

exposed to the treatment (they were given the lexipro)

question

control group

answer

not exposed (comparison group) ( sugar pill)

question

independent variable:

answer

manipulated factor (medication)

question

dependent variable:

answer

outcome factor: effects as measured by the set questions everyone was given.

question

psychoanalysis (person )

answer

freud

question

positive correlations

answer

as one goes up the other goes up, as one goes down the other goes down.

question

negative correlations:

answer

as one goes down, the other goes up, and vice versa.

question

only research method that allows for causation:

answer

experimentation

question

random assignment

answer

assignment by chance (minimizes group differences)

question

placebo

answer

inert substance (ex. sugar pill) ( ppl getting better, but purely psychological)

question

placebo effect

answer

results caused by expectations alone ( ex. gets better just because they know they have an appointment with a psychologist)

question

double-blind procedure

answer

experimenter and experimentee don't know if they are in controlled or experimental group.

question

basic research

answer

knowledge based

question

developmental changes 1._______2.________3.________4.______

answer

1.cognitive changes 2. physical changes 3. emotional changes 4. social changes

question

applied research

answer

solving practical problems

question

industrial-organizational (I/O)

answer

job satisfaction, productivity.

question

counseling psychology

answer

dealing with less severe everyday stressers

question

clinical psychology

answer

provides assessment and therapy. more severe things such as bipolar disorder.

question

psychiatrist

answer

prescribes medication,

question

introspection

answer

to self reflect, turn inward. idea of structuralism

question

functionalism

answer

understanding purpose, understanding "why", understanding purpose of the behavior.

question

total behavior

answer

can control: thoughts and behaviors. cannot directly control: feelings and biology

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