PSY-150: Chapter 10 Questions – Flashcards

Luther operates a small nightclub that specializes in soul music and features up-and-coming African American singing groups. He actively discourages white couples from coming in and always gives them the worst seats if they insist on being admitted. Luther's behavior is BEST described as an example of ______. Select one: a. oppression b. discrimination c. ambiguity d. prejudice

You want to visit Argentina but your attitude about Argentina is changing as you read the news about the kidnappings that have occurred there. Which component of attitude is being affected? Select one: a. cognitive b. situational c. affective d. behavioral

Ralph, a white student who grew up in Maine, is about to enter the University of Southern California on an athletic scholarship. He is aware that many of his teammates will be black and assumes that they will dislike him and ostracize him. Ralph's attitude is BEST described as an example of______. Select one: a. prejudice b. nonconformity c. ambiguity d. discrimination

The ________ theory suggests that we often learn about ourselves by comparing our performance with that of other people. Select one: a. social comparison b. attribution c. conformity d. dissonance

You observe a person at the grocery store get angry and yell at the cashier. Which of these attributions illustrates the fundamental attribution error? Select one: a. the yeller has had a bad day b. the cashier is overworked c. the yeller is a mean, angry person d. the cashier has had a bad day

Which of the following is a negative, often aggressive behavior aimed at the target of prejudice? Select one: a. discrimination b. bias c. stereotypes d. reactance

A bank loan officer thinks people who speak with an accent are lazy; consequently, he refuses to grant them loans. The loan officer's belief is an example of _____ . His refusal to grant them loans is an example of _____. Select one: a. attribution; stereotyping b. stereotyping; attribution c. discrimination; prejudice d. prejudice; discrimination

Luis picks up a pack of cigarettes and reads, "Cigarette smoking is harmful to your health." Which one of the following statements leads one to believe Luis is actually having cognitive dissonance? Select one: a. "I know these cigarettes are killing me but I just can't stop." b. "No one I know who smokes is sick." c. "That is not true. Cigarettes are not that harmful." d. "I've been smoking my whole life and I don't have health problems."

Which social psychology theory best explains the fact that the majority of the riots that took place following the trial of the police officers accused of beating Rodney King did not take place in white neighborhoods, but rather in the neighborhoods of Asian Americans and Asians who had recently immigrated to the United States? Select one: a. social diffusion b. scapegoating c. prejudice d. the bystander effect

There is currently a long history of fighting between the Israelis and Palestinians, and many attempts to resolve these conflicts have failed. According to the ____________ theory, the prejudice and discrimination that exists between the two groups will continue to rise as the conflict over limited land in Israel continues. Select one: a. prosocial inhibition b. genesis of bias c. social diffusion d. realistic conflict

Dr. Cirillo divided her first-period class into two groups. One group had to read 20 pages in a boring psychology text but would get 2 extra points on the next test. The other group also read 20 pages but were given 25 points added to the next test. The class members were then asked to tell the second-period class how interesting the book was. According to the results of the Festinger and Carlsmith study, what predictions could one make about the remarks of the first-period class? Select one: a. The first-period class would say the pages were boring but the second-period class would not. b. Both groups would say the pages were interesting c. Both groups would say the pages were boring. d. The first-period class would say the pages were interesting but the second-period class would say the pages were boring.

Gerard goes to his job interview dressed in patched blue jeans, a torn t-shirt, and sandals. His hair is uncombed and he hasn't shaved in a few days. Obviously, Gerard knows nothing about ______. Select one: a. impression formation. b. groupthink. c. attitude formation. d. cognitive dissonance

A college instructor's schedule has her teaching an honors section of psychology. Halfway through the semester, she is told that her class was NOT an honors section after all. She responds, "This is the best class I have ever taught and the grades prove it." What concept might a social psychologist use to explain the high grades this class obtained and the teacher's high opinion of the class? Select one: a. collectivism b. self-fulfilling prophecy c. covert sensitization d. subject bias

Roberta is trying to decide whether to vote for a political candidate. Based on what she has read about him, she has concluded that he is not qualified for the position, but she agrees with his political positions. Also, she trusts him and likes his decisive personality. In fact, she likes him so much that she sent a small donation to his campaign. Her trust of the candidate represents the ______ component of her attitude toward him. Select one: a. behavioral b. affective c. situational d. cognitive

The adage "Birds of a feather flock together" pertains most directly to the _______ factor in liking. Select one: a. reciprocity b. similarity c. numerosity d. propinquity

The World-Will-End-on-June-7 group got together on June 7 to pray as the world ended. The next day the world did not end. The leader of the group said, "Our prayers saved the world." What process was responsible for the attitude change? Select one: a. positive reinforcement b. classical conditioning c. cognitive dissonance d. operant conditioning

Sarah found her soulmate, Jon, when she moved to a small town in Florida. According to research in interpersonal attraction, the most likely explanation for them to "find" each other is ______. Select one: a. personal attractiveness. b. fate. c. karma. d. proximity.

You've always disliked a particular coworker who strikes you as dishonest, but he is nice to you and does you favors, so you become friendly with him despite your misgivings. One day you learn that he stole personal items from your desk. You now decide to discontinue the friendship. Your negative attitude toward this coworker is strengthened through ___________. Select one: a. classical conditioning b. instrumental learning c. operant conditioning d. reduction of cognitive dissonance

While watching Jeopardy, your roommate says, "Alex Trebek knows all the answers. He must be a genius." You tell your roommate she probably would not have said that if she had attended class the day the instructor discussed the topic of ______. Select one: a. social facilitation b. internal attribution biases c. stereotyping illusions d. fundamental attribution errors

The advice to "keep it simple stupid" suggests that political and other messages should be simple so that the audience will understand the content without distractions. This is an example of which type of processing suggested by the elaboration likelihood model? Select one: a. classic-route processing b. peripheral-route processing c. under-route processing d. central-route processing

"I hate Walt Disney World. Whenever I take the kids there, I realize how much I hate that place." Which method of attitude formation is involved in this example? Select one: a. direct contact b. vicarious conditioning c. direct instruction d. observational learning

Roberta is trying to decide whether or not to vote for a political candidate. Based on what she has read about him, she has concluded that he is not qualified for the position, but she agrees with his political positions. Also, she trusts him and likes his decisive personality. In fact, she likes him so much that she sent a small donation to his campaign. Her sending a donation to the campaign represents the ______ component of her attitude toward him. Select one: a. situational b. behavioral c. affective d. cognitive

"We" have all different types of personalities and lots of endearing little quirks, whereas "they" all think and act alike. This assumption would be an example of the cognitive schema called______________. Select one: a. a fundamental attribution error b. mental set c. a stereotype d. mindlessness

According to the scapegoat theory, prejudice and discrimination are a result of __________. Select one: a. imitation b. religion c. reinforcement d. frustration

When others act, our attention is focused on __________. When we act, our attention is focused on ___________. Select one: a. the environment; ourselves b. them; the environment c. their facial expressions; our feelings d. their body language; our appearance

Kerry's positive attitude toward China, even though she has never been there, seems to be related to the fact that her mother is Chinese and talks about China all the time with Kerry. Which method of attitude formation is involved in this example? Select one: a. direct contact b. classical conditioning c. direct instruction d. interaction with others

Patrick is very proud of his Irish heritage and thinks of himself as an Irish American. Patrick has a strong ______. Select one: a. social category. b. social identity. c. reference group. d. stereotype vulnerability.

Your best friend has been acting rather cool toward you lately. As you try to figure out why, you are engaging in the process called ________________. Select one: a. ascribing values b. causal analysis c. nonverbal communication d. attribution

A local car insurance company advertises their products with television commercials. During those spots, there are flashy lights, attractive dancers wearing skin-tight outfits, and local celebrities talking about how they have that company's insurance. The advertisement does not, however, mention any of the features or costs associated with the product. This company is attempting to earn customers through which path of processing? Select one: a. central-route b. tertiary-route c. secondary-route d. peripheral-route

Jaquan's parents have been talking to him about the negative aspects of drugs ever since he was a youngster. Now that he is a teenager, he knows that some of his friends smoke marijuana. At a party one night, a friend offers Jaquan a joint. Jaquan declines the offer, stating that he hates drugs. Even though he has never tried drugs to form his own opinion of them, which method of attitude formation has kept him from making a mistake? Select one: a. interaction with others b. direct instruction c. direct contact d. vicarious conditioning

Alex is standing in line at Wal-Mart waiting to pay for his purchases. A man cuts in front of the line and drops his items on the counter. Alex says to his friend, "That man is incredibly rude." A social psychologist who is within earshot jots down a note so she can use the example in class. What does she write concerning Alex? Select one: a. his remark is considered a collectivistic remark b. his remark is based on a stereotype c. he made a situational attribution d. he made a dispositional attribution

The issue of racial profiling has been a controversial topic in the United States for many years, and it was particularly widespread after the events of September 11, 2001. When an individual engages in profiling and assumes that one person must possess certain qualities because of their race or ethnicity, (s)he is engaging in _____________. Select one: a. social loafing b. stereotyping c. attributing d. discrimination

Roberta is trying to decide whether to vote for a political candidate. Based on what she has read about him, she has concluded that he is not qualified for the position, but she agrees with his political positions. Also, she trusts him and likes his decisive personality. In fact, she likes him so much that she sent a small donation to his campaign. Her opinion that the candidate is not qualified represents the ______ component of her attitude toward him. Select one: a. intuition b. behavioral c. cognitive d. feeling

"Look, Officer, I didn't see the stop sign back there because the sun was in my eyes." The police officer responds, "You were not paying attention." How would a social psychologist describe this situation? Select one: a. The driver was making a situational attribution; the officer was making a dispositional attribution. b. Both individuals were making fundamental attribution errors. c. Both individuals were making situational attributions. d. The driver was making a dispositional attribution; the officer was making a situational attribution.

When George Bush said, "Everything in Iraq is going as planned. Trust me, I am the president," he was using what form of the elaboration likelihood model? Select one: a. central-route processing b. under-route processing c. classic-route processing d. peripheral route processing

A group of Ray's friends have been waiting for Ray for an hour. One says, "He never remembers anything." Another says, "He's probably caught in rush hour traffic." What are these friends doing that might be of interest to a social psychologist? Select one: a. They are reducing dissonance levels. b. They are conforming to the group's norms. c. They are forming initial impressions of Ray. d. They are making attributions.

Dave believes all college professors are irritable, impatient, and uninterested in whether students learn. His belief is an example of _______________. Select one: a. impressions b. a stereotype c. consensus d. an attitude

In Solomon Asch's study on conformity, the number of confederates was found to have a significant impact on the participants' likelihood of giving an incorrect answer. How many confederates did Asch find maximized the likelihood of conformity occurring? Select one: a. 2 b. 12 c. 4 d. 6

A group of four friends, two men and two women, are out for an evening on the town. "I'd like to go to the bookstore and get coffee," one of the women says. "Nah, lets go over to that club and have drinks while we listen to the band," one of the men replies. What does Solomon Asch's research suggest will be the likely outcome? Select one: a. The group will probably go to the club, as Asch found that women tend to conform more then men when a public response is required. b. The group will probably do both tasks, as Asch found that in a group with both men and women compromise tends to be the likely outcome. c. The group will end up going in two separate ways - the women to the bookstore and the men to the club - as Asch found that women prefer quieter environments and men prefer louder environments. d. The group will probably go to the bookstore, as Asch found that men are more willing to comply to the demands of women then the demands of other men.