Psy 1100 Final – Flashcards
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A baby is considered over due at: at 43 weeks gestation. at 42 weeks gestation. at 40 weeks gestation, or after the due date. at 41 weeks gestation.
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43 weeks gestation
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T or F: According to traditional behaviorists, the way to extinguish behavior is to stop reinforcing it.
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True
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A developmental scientist, would MOST likely study: cross-cultural ideas about the right age to toilet train children. causes of the American revolution. cures for schizophrenia. crimes committed by the mentally ill.
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cross-cultural ideas about the right age to toilet train children.
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T or F: Approximately equal numbers of female and male babies are conceived.
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False
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A teratogen: enters the ovum with the sperm. is a poisonous substance that crosses the placenta, harming the fetus. is a gene that causes a birth defect. develops during the third trimester of pregnancy.
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is a poisonous substance that crosses the placenta, harming the fetus.
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T or F: Bowlby's attachment theory emphasizes the importance of the parent/child relationship in early childhood.
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True
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Carla just learned she is pregnant. What force should BEST predict having a joyous 9-month experience? feeling supported and loved quitting work not gaining too much weight being married
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feeling supported and loved
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T or F: Correlational studies can determine cause-and-effect relationships.
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False
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T or F: Developmental systems theorists stress the fact that many different forces shape behavior.
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True
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Dr. Avery is a cognitive behaviorist. She might make all of the following statements EXCEPT: "I believe that we learn by watching and imitating people." "I believe that we can predict behavior by looking at a person's feelings of competence." "I believe that we learn only when personally rewarded for our actions." "I believe that modeling is a major way we learn."
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"I believe that we learn only when personally rewarded for our actions."
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During the embryonic stage: the brain alone is formed. the circulatory system alone is formed. the major body organs are formed. the digestive system alone is formed.
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major body organs are formed.
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Erikson's major contribution to the field of human development was: making Freud's work accessible to the public. showing that children think and reason differently than adults. spelling out the principle that we develop throughout the lifespan. showing that human behavior obeys basic laws of learning.
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spelling out the principle that we develop throughout the lifespan.
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Fertilization occurs when: a sperm penetrates the nucleus of the ovum, and the two meld into one cell. sperm enter the uterus. the ovum leaves the ovary. sperm are ejaculated during sexual intercourse.
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a sperm penetrates the nucleus of the ovum, and the two meld into one cell.
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Gender differences in attitudes and lifestyles: basically stay the same over time. are both shaped by biology and society. are mainly shaped by society. are mainly biological.
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are both shaped by biology and society.
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T or F: Having a vaginal delivery after a cesarean section is very dangerous and has high rates of serious problems.
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False
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If a woman smokes during pregnancy and has a baby with learning problems: you cannot assume it was smoking that caused these problems as she might be putting her baby's health at risk in other ways. A correlational study will give you answers as to whether smoking was the cause. you know for sure smoking caused these problems. you can easily perform an experiment to test if smoking was the cause.
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you cannot assume it was smoking that caused these problems as she might be putting her baby's health at risk in other ways.
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If I am in my twenties, my life stage is ________. If I am in my sixties, I am _______. early adulthood; a new senior citizen first adulthood; in early old age emerging adulthood; young-old middle adulthood; a senior
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emerging adulthood; young-old
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If you were studying development a century ago, you would focus on which life stage? prenatal development adult development child development gerontology
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child development
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In collectivist cultures, people: tend to live in intergenerational extended families. want to be rich. value their own needs over the good of the community. care greatly about personal success.
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tend to live in intergenerational extended families.
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Infant mortality in the United States: is low compared to other developed nations. is high compared to other developed nations. occurs at the same rate at all socioeconomic levels. is higher than in the past.
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is high compared to other developed nations.
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In individualistic cultures, people value: arranged marriages. obedience. independence. suppressing inner feelings.
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independence
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Jimmy asks Joanna, "When do the vast majority of our neurons form?" Joanna should answer: "during the first year of life" "in the womb (that is, well before birth)" "during childhood" It's a trick question—neurons steadily form throughout life.
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"in the womb (that is, well before birth)"
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T or F: Longitudinal studies are inexpensive and easy to carry out.
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False
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_______ look at the genetic tendencies that we share as a species, whereas _______ explore human genetic differences. Behavioral geneticists; evolutionary psychologists Traditional behaviorists; evolutionary psychologists Evolutionary psychologists; traditional behaviorists Evolutionary psychologists; behavioral geneticists
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Evolutionary psychologists; behavioral geneticists
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Paul is arguing that we need longitudinal research to really study development. Which argument should Paul NOT make? These studies alone reveal fascinating data about individual differences in change. These studies alone show cohort effects. These studies alone show how people really change over time. These studies alone shine a light on how early experiences relate to later behaviors.
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These studies alone show cohort effects.
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Piaget studied cognitive development by: analyzing children's relationships with their parents. measuring how much children know at different ages. observing and questioning children in order to understand their mental framework. comparing children on different abilities.
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observing and questioning children in order to understand their mental framework.
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Pick the correct order of events during labor. birth; dilation and effacement; expulsion of placenta dilation and effacement; birth; expulsion of placenta expulsion of placenta; birth; dilation and effacement dilation and effacement; expulsion of placenta; birth
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dilation and effacement; birth; expulsion of placenta
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Pick the example of an evocative heredity/environment relationship with a child genetically prone to be grumpy. A child is genetically prone to be grumpy, so he always hits kids. A child shares his "biology" with his parents, so his parents are grumpy. A mother takes special care to be kind and caring to her grumpy child. A child is temperamentally grumpy, so everyone starts yelling at him and he gets even grumpier.
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A child is temperamentally grumpy, so everyone starts yelling at him and he gets even grumpier.
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Pick which symptom is NOT classic during the first trimester. feeling tired (and faint) looking clearly pregnant—and needing maternity clothes highest chance of miscarriage morning sickness
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looking clearly pregnant—and needing maternity clothes
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Samantha wants to know if older people are wiser than younger people. So she gives 20-year-old, 40-year-old, and 60-year-old people a "wisdom test." What kind of study is Samantha conducting? a correlational study an experiment a cross-sectional study a longitudinal study
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a cross-sectional study
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T or F: Sperm can live for several days inside a woman's reproductive tract.
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True
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Teratogens produce deformities in major body structures during the second trimester of pregnancy.
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False
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The bottom line message of fetal programming research is that intense stress in the womb: sets babies up to be very thin throughout adult life. mainly affects babies at birth. has little impact on later development. can impair life-long health.
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can impair life-long health.
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T or F: The c-section rate has been declining in the developed world.
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False
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Theories in developmental science: are only useful in isolated cases. help us understand and predict why people act the way they do. involve conducting statistical tests. tell us about our genes.
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help us understand and predict why people act the way they do.
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The toxic effect of a teratogen is MOST likely to occur during the ________ of development; that is, when a specific system or organ is forming. consolidation sensitive period early stage germinal stage
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sensitive period
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Tikana decides to look at the relationship between college students' height and happiness. She is conducting a: true experiment. cross-sectional study. correlational study. longitudinal study.
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correlational study.
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What is a main take-home message of the book's nature and nurture discussion? Genes determine our physical appearance, but little else. We are happiest and most likely to thrive in environments that match our inborn abilities and talents. Our genetic makeup determines how our lives turn out. It doesn't really matter what genes we're born with, it's how we're raised that counts.
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We are happiest and most likely to thrive in environments that match our inborn abilities and talents.
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What is the best phrase to describe the rate of development during the embryonic stage? slow-paced sometimes slow- and sometimes fast-paced medium-paced fast-paced
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fast-paced
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What is the correct sequence of events that occur during the germinal stage? blastocyst; fertilization; implantation fertilization; blastocyst; implantation fertilization; implantation; blastocyst implantation; fertilization; blastocyst
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fertilization; blastocyst; implantation
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What organ develops gradually over the fetal stage? the heart the arms the brain the liver
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the brain
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When do we first begin to be able to hear and see? during the later fetal stage (around month 6 or 7) after birth at birth during the embryonic stage
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during the later fetal stage (around month 6 or 7)
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Which advice would a follower of attachment theory give a new mom? "Give your baby a lot of love so that he will have loving relationships later in life." "Human beings need to be independent. Don't let your baby get too attached." "Once your baby begins to walk, try to leave him alone." "Don't spoil your baby by giving him too much attention."
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"Give your baby a lot of love so that he will have loving relationships later in life."
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Which of the following is NOT an example of a normative transition? Mary begins kindergarten at age 5. Josephine has a terrible car accident at age 18. Manuel retires at age 65. Sara has a child when she is in her twenties.
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Josephine has a terrible car accident at age 18.
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Which researcher is selecting the MOST representative sample? Charlotte, whose investigation of adolescents' friendships involves sampling students from five high schools of varying sizes Dragan, whose study of health beliefs in older adults involves talking to senior citizens in doctors' waiting rooms Barnabas, whose research on the frequency of marital problems involves polling divorced men Adela, whose study of parenting activities involves giving questionnaires to 10 middle-class moms she knows
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Charlotte, whose investigation of adolescents' friendships involves sampling students from five high schools of varying sizes
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Which research question must be tested through a correlational study? whether reinforcement promotes superior learning whether varying the temperature of a room affects personality whether children with ADHD respond best to a certain medication whether parents who frequently hit their children have more aggressive children
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whether parents who frequently hit their children have more aggressive children
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Your psychology professor wants to measure "parent aggressiveness." Pick the ideal strategy. Go down the street and ask two neighbors, "Does this person hit her kids a lot?" Visit each parent's home for a day and chart how often this person hits her kids. Develop a questionnaire that asks parents, "How often do you hit your kids?" None of these techniques is ideal. Each has problems and biases.
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None of these techniques is ideal. Each has problems and biases.
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You want to describe U.S. rates of cesarean sections over the past 30 years. What phrase should you use? a stable rate a dramatic decrease a very small decline a dramatic increase
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a dramatic increase
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T or F: According to Judith Harris, parents are the main force determining how children turn out.
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True
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T or F: According to Sternberg, there are three basic types of intelligence, only one of which is measured by the standard IQ test.
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True
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According to the parenting styles framework, we can classify parents along what two dimensions? providing rules or discipline; being child-centered or nurturant providing food and clothes; being permissive providing safety; being playful providing care; being child-centered
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providing rules or discipline; being child-centered or nurturant
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T or F: Alcohol and drug abuse is rampant among teens.
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False
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As a mom, your main "emotional" concern would be ________ in a teenage son and ________ in a daughter. acting out behaviors; depression depression; acting out behaviors cutting; suicide suicide; cutting
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acting out behaviors; depression
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A social worker is constructing a questionnaire to measure the risk of child abuse. Which item should NOT appear on her scale? Does this parent have serious personality problems? Is this parent under severe life stress? Is this parent male? Is this parent socially isolated?
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Is this parent male?
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A teenager thinks, I'm never going to have an accident if I drive drunk— as problems happen to other kids not me. This thought reflects: egocentric monitoring. the imaginary audience. the personal fable. formal operational thinking.
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the personal fable.
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T or F: Baumrind's parenting styles model reflects European American cultural values about ideal child-rearing, and may not apply to other groups.
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True
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________ children are most likely to be chronically bullied. Popular Unassertive and/or unusually aggressive Academic Impulsive
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Unassertive and/or unusually aggressive
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Children's mental health problems after divorce: may be due to poor custodial parenting. may partly reflect economic stresses on family. may sometimes be seen before parents split up. All of the answers are correct.
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All of the answers are correct.
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Compared to menarche, spermache: isn't discussed (or is a more hidden event). is celebrated by society. is a bigger life milestone. is discussed by moms but not dads.
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isn't discussed (or is a more hidden event).
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Compared to other Western nations, U.S. teenage pregnancy rates are ________. high low similar lower or higher, depending on the country
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high
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Dr. Brainy, a neuroscientist, is explaining teenage risk-taking by referring to brain development and frontal lobe function. Which of the following would be his MOST likely comment? The hormones of puberty target the emotional centers of the brain at an age when the frontal lobes are still not fully mature. The frontal lobes are fully mature, but overwhelmed by the hormones of puberty. The frontal lobes begin to deteriorate, due to the hormones of puberty. The frontal lobes won't fully mature until middle age.
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The hormones of puberty target the emotional centers of the brain at an age when the frontal lobes are still not fully mature.
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T or F: Early-maturing girls are at special risk of getting into trouble as teens
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True
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Emerging adulthood refers to: the time during late adolescence when teens are emerging from the house. the time from the end of high school to the late twenties when young people are constructing an adult life. the delayed development of twenty somethings, who should be mature. the time when our body is maturing from childhood to its adult form.
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the time from the end of high school to the late twenties when young people are constructing an adult life.
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"Everyone is watching me and judging me." In Elkind's framework, this is a classic example of ________ and this young person is roughly age ________. adolescent egocentrism; 18 or 19 the personal fable; 10 or 11 social referencing; 17 or 18 adolescent egocentrism; 12 or 13
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adolescent egocentrism; 12 or 13
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Gangs serve what purpose? They provide a sense of identity and status. They provide physical protection in a dangerous neighborhood. They offer ways to make a living by selling drugs or stealing. All of the answers are correct.
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All of the answers are correct.
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"He only cares if he gets punished or rewarded." "He has a personal code of ethics that transcends what society says." "His morality is focused on what the culture says is legal or right." Pick each Kohlberg level of moral reasoning, in order. preconventional; postconventional; conventional conventional; preconventional; postconventional postconventional; preconventional; conventional premoral; postmoral; traditionally moral
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preconventional; postconventional; conventional
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If a psychologist friend tells you he believes in Spearman's "g," he is saying: "There is a general underlying intelligence—and we can use the IQ score to predict intellectual talents at every life task." "People have unique intellectual talents and skills." "The IQ score only measures aptitude for academic tasks." "The IQ score is only valid when children are in school.
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"There is a general underlying intelligence—and we can use the IQ score to predict intellectual talents at every life task."
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"I love to read Belsky's book just for the sake of reading it." "I'm reading Belsky's book so I can get a good grade on this test." Pick out the kinds of motivation involved in order. extrinsic; intrinsic self-reinforced; other reinforced. intrinsic; extrinsic other reinforced; self-reinforced.
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intrinsic; extrinsic
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T or F: In a significant number of countries, spanking is illegal.
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True
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________ is an example of corporal punishment. Spanking Time out Detention Withdrawal of love
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Spanking
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________ is the term for all the internal and external changes involved in becoming physically an adult. Puberty Coming of age Adolescence Maturation
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Puberty
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T or F: Most adults always show signs of formal operational thinking.
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False
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Name each parenting style: "The Smith's provide incredible love, but no discipline." "The Jones's are very strict, and don't allow deviations from the rules." "The Johnson's home is chaotic, with parents MIA in their children's lives." Smith—authoritative; Jones—authoritarian; Johnson—permissive Smith—permissive; Jones—authoritarian; Johnson—rejecting-neglecting Smith—rejecting-neglecting; Jones—authoritarian; Johnson—permissive Smith—permissive; Jones—authoritative; Johnson—rejecting-neglecting
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Smith—permissive; Jones—authoritarian; Johnson—rejecting-neglecting
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T or F: Only males produce testosterone.
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False
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Parent/teen conflict tends to reach its peak: in late adolescence, as the teen is about to leave home for the first time. in the middle of puberty when hormonal changes are at their height. in late elementary school when parents realize their child is growing up. during the early twenties after a child has left home.
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in the middle of puberty when hormonal changes are at their height.
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People with a positive body image: realize they may not have perfect bodies, but focus on their physical attributes. see being beautiful as taking care of your health. have high self-esteem and self-efficacy. All of these are true.
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All of these are true.
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Pick the core change that happens in formal operations. We can conserve much better. We can really take another person's point of view. We can reason abstractly about ideas and hypothetical possibilities. We can read at a much higher level.
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We can reason abstractly about ideas and hypothetical possibilities.
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Pick the statement that BEST fits the research on low-income children and academics. "They start school at a disadvantage and go to the worst schools." "They start school academically "on target," but go to the worst schools." "They start school academically "on target," and go to average schools." "They start school at a disadvantage and go to average schools."
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"They start school at a disadvantage and go to the worst schools."
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Pick the statement that BOTH Robert Sternberg and Howard Gardner would agree on. "I believe that conventional intelligence tests are too limited." "I believe that human abilities come in eight forms." "I believe that there are three different types of intelligence." "I believe that there is a distinct musical intelligence."
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"I believe that conventional intelligence tests are too limited."
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T or F: Puberty typically lasts about 2 years.
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False
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The Belsky Intelligence Test for Students (BITS) is reliable. This means: It accurately measures students' intellectual capacity. It can be given to all students, regardless of ethnicity or gender. It has been given for many years. When it is given more than once, students get nearly the same score each time.
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When it is given more than once, students get nearly the same score each time.
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The hormones that DIRECTLY produce the body changes of puberty are emitted from the: hypothalamus. pituitary. gonads. adrenal glands.
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hypothalamus.
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T or F: There are important differences between intelligence tests and achievement tests.
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True
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The term for any act that endangers children's emotional or physical well-being is: child maltreatment. rejection. corporal punishment. parental mistreatment.
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child maltreatment.
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What forces influence when teens make the transition to intercourse (that is, become sexually active)? age at reaching puberty sexual behavior of their friends media-watching practices All of these forces (and more!) are influences.
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All of these forces (and more!) are influences.
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What helps set off the hypothalamic signal to program puberty? leptin life stress maturation or growth level All of these forces set off this signal.
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All of these forces set off this signal.
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What is the MAIN reason why high school students are sleep deprived? Teens need more sleep than younger children. The hormones of puberty push teens' sleep cycles to later in the evening, yet they have to get up early to start the school day. Teenagers are having too much fun at night to get to bed on time. Teenagers can spend time 24/7 on Facebook talking to their friends.
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The hormones of puberty push teens' sleep cycles to later in the evening, yet they have to get up early to start the school day.
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What is your FIRST tip-off that your daughter may be entering puberty? the growth spurt pubic hair development breast development menarche
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the growth spurt
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When G. Stanley Hall's described adolescence as a time of "storm and stress" he meant: Teenagers have a stressful life. Teenagers are emotionally "different"—moody, sensitive, prone to take risks. Teenagers cause parents a lot of stress. Teenagers put society under a lot of stress.
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Teenagers are emotionally "different"—moody, sensitive, prone to take risks.
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When Sheila walks to the lunchroom she thinks that everyone is evaluating every movement she makes. According to David Elkind, Shelia is showing signs of: egotistic thinking. the personal fable. narcissism. the imaginary audience.
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the imaginary audience.
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When the first-grade boys wrestle and hit each other as they are in line for lunch, they are engaging in: collaborative play. exercise play. rough-and-tumble play. fantasy play.
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rough-and-tumble play.
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When we enter formal operations we can: think like "true scientists." reason logically about abstract ideas. reason about things that are not real. All of the answers are correct.
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All of the answers are correct.
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T or F: When we enter formal operations we can think abstractly and scientifically.
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True
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Which child is MOST at risk for having mental health problems and getting into trouble during (and after) puberty? an early-maturing girl a late-maturing girl an early-maturing boy a late-maturing boy
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an early-maturing girl
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With regard to the timing of puberty, the bottom-line message is: It's determined only by genetics. It's determined by genetics and a variety of environmental forces—and these cues differ a bit for girls and boys. It's determined by the level of nutrition alone. It's mainly by the level of family stress.
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It's determined by genetics and a variety of environmental forces—and these cues differ a bit for girls and boys.
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You are listening to a developmentalist lecture on adolescent behavior and attitudes. Which statement should you hear? "Most teens drink and abuse drugs." "Most teens are depressed and unhappy. "Most teens are happy and upbeat about life." "Most teens are exactly the same emotionally as they were during elementary school."
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"Most teens are happy and upbeat about life."
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Bettina is an emerging adult. Given the research in this chapter, which is the best prediction about how her personality will change in middle life? Bettina will become more introverted. Bettina will develop more generative priorities (and goals). Bettina will become more agreeable. Bettina will become more angry and self-centered.
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Bettina will develop more generative priorities (and goals).
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If you hear someone described as a "generative person," you should think: this person is committed to his career. this person is committed to generating or producing many things. this person has many children. this person is committed to nurturing other people's development, and making a difference in the world.
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this person is committed to nurturing other people's development, and making a difference in the world.
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Fred is about to turn 50. He never was very close to his now grown children, and he has a routine, boring job. He is feeling like his life really doesn't have much purpose anymore. According to Erikson, Fred is suffering from: generativity. despair. stagnation. inferiority.
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stagnation.
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Statistically speaking, as you move into late middle age, you are likely to: become more generative in your priorities. become happier. become more aware of the fact that you only have a limited time left to live. All of the answers are true.
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All of the answers are true.
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You run into an old college friend when you are both in your fifties, and take some time to catch up on your lives. Which change are you LEAST likely to find? Your friend will now be more neurotic and depressed. Your friend will be the same person in fundamental ways. Your friend will now feel more self-confident. Your friend will now have more generative goals and priorities.
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Your friend will now have more generative goals and priorities.
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Which IQ test ability is likely to decline early in adult life? how much you know about history how quickly you can put together puzzles No ability starts to decline early in adult life. your vocabulary
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how quickly you can put together puzzles
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Dan suffers from serious depression and is periodically unable to work. Dora has pushed the envelope and searched out new challenges from the time she was young. Pick Dan's and Dora's Big Five categories in order. openness to experience; neuroticism neuroticism; openness to experience introversion; openness to experience neuroticism; extraversion
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neuroticism; openness to experience
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Laurie is outgoing and friendly, but she frustrates her coworkers because she is frequently late, forgets to do tasks, and misses important meetings. In her Big Five trait rankings, Laurie is ________ but ________. agreeable; neurotic extraverted; not conscientious extraverted; too agreeable agreeable; not conscientious
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extraverted; not conscientious
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When Erikson said that midlife adults have to resolve the conflict of generativity vs. stagnation, he meant that people need to: be parents or feel depressed. believe they are enriching the lives of others or feel purposeless. be mentally stimulated or become rigid in their thinking. be productive or feel bored and stuck.
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believe they are enriching the lives of others or feel purposeless.
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Which ability is MOST likely to improve well into your fifties or early sixties? how quickly you can learn a new computer game how well you can clean your house how quickly you can put blocks together your vocabulary
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your vocabulary
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Crystallized abilities refer to ________, while fluid tasks involve ________. your fund of knowledge; your ability to reason quickly on unfamiliar tasks your speed of thinking; your vocabulary your ability to reason quickly on unfamiliar tasks; your fund of knowledge your concrete thinking; your evaporating thinking
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your fund of knowledge; your ability to reason quickly on unfamiliar tasks
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Who is using selective optimization with compensation in his schoolwork? John allots special time to studying his most difficult courses, and works especially hard in his major where having good grades matters most. Jane is so optimistic that she doesn't feel she has to study much. Jill selects impossible classes and then overcompensates by working around the clock. Joe selects only the easiest courses, so he is certain to have a high GPA.
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John allots special time to studying his most difficult courses, and works especially hard in his major where having good grades matters most.
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Grandparents: keep the extended family close. serve as emotional buffers for the grandchildren. often step in during a crisis and stabilize the family. have all of these functions and more.
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have all of these functions and more.
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Which woman has reached menopause? Joy, who has not menstruated for six months Jannita, who has not menstruated for a year Jill, who is getting hot flashes Jane, whose body is no longer producing testosterone
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Jannita, who has not menstruated for a year
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Our ability to ride a bike is in ________ memory and is ________ vulnerable to deterioration with age. semantic; moderately episodic; most procedural; least cortical; moderately
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procedural; least
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Your grandma has Alzheimer's disease. Which memory is likely to stay intact the longest? your name what it feels like to hug you your address your birthday
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what it feels like to hug you
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Dr. Frank is a 65-year-old college professor who is contemplating retirement. His health is deteriorating, but he wants to remain mentally stimulated and use the skills he has developed. If Dr. Frank adopts Baltes' selective optimization with compensation model, he should: retire and discontinue all his academic work completely. ignore his health problems and continue full time on his job. continue doing all aspects of his former job, but care less about performing well. choose which aspect of his job, such as teaching or research, he likes best and continue working especially hard at that task.
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choose which aspect of his job, such as teaching or research, he likes best and continue working especially hard at that task.
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Which older person's statement reflects socioemotional selectivity theory? "I only have a short time to live, so I'll spend as much time as possible with my family." "I only have a short time to live, so I'll focus only on what makes me happy." "I only have a short time left to live, so I won't sweat the small stuff." All of these people's statements reflect socioemotional selectivity theory.
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All of these people's statements reflect socioemotional selectivity theory.
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Which memory situation is virtually impossible for older people? memorizing names memorizing directions memorizing something while simultaneously monitoring something else memorizing faces
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memorizing something while simultaneously monitoring something else
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Which is the correct ranking for the memory systems in order from MOST fragile to MOST enduring? episodic memory; procedural memory; semantic memory episodic memory; semantic memory; procedural memory semantic memory; episodic memory; procedural memory procedural memory; semantic memory; episodic memory
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episodic memory; semantic memory; procedural memory
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What information are you MOST likely to remember from this course a few years from now? your professor's face and name the semester when you took this course the material that you memorized most thoroughly the material that really affected you emotionally
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the material that really affected you emotionally
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According to Erikson, which older adult has reached integrity? James, who is looking forward to many new projects Jeff, who loves spending time with his wife Ben, who feels he has lived a rich, fulfilling life Bill, who is happy to relax and enjoy life
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Ben, who feels he has lived a rich, fulfilling life
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How should you best treat someone who is recently bereaved? discuss the death; get the person to talk things out recommend counseling; give concrete advice avoid talking about the loss, so as not to get the person upset be there; listen, take your cues from the person as to what he or she wants
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be there; listen, take your cues from the person as to what he or she wants
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Dr. Health is discussing the progression of normal aging changes. He should say: they begin at birth and progress over time. they start in late middle age and suddenly get dramatically worse. they start at some point during early/midlife and gradually progress over years. they only progress when someone is genetically "at risk."
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they start at some point during early/midlife and gradually progress over years.
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Chronic diseases affect: only people in the old-old years. only people who do not take care of their health. most people in middle age. every person if they live long enough.
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every person if they live long enough.
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Who has instrumental ADL impairments? Mrs. Belsky, who needs nursing home care Mrs. Jones, who is having trouble cooking and cleaning Mrs. Johnson, who is having trouble getting to the toilet Mrs. Soto, who is having trouble dressing herself
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Mrs. Jones, who is having trouble cooking and cleaning
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Who has basic ADL impairments? Mrs. Smith, who is having trouble dressing herself Mrs. Cortez, who needs nursing home care Mrs. Johnson, who is having trouble getting to the toilet All of these women have basic ADL impairments.
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All of these women have basic ADL impairments.
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Why do women live longer than men? They are biologically hardier. They get fewer early heart attacks. They take better care of their health. All of these are true.
answer
All of these are true.
question
As you age you are likely to experience all of these vision changes EXCEPT: problems with glare. problems seeing close up. problems seeing well at distances. problems seeing well in dim light.
answer
problems seeing well at distances.
question
Sam works out for hours at his local fitness center using his iPod to listen to music or the center's earphones to watch CNN. Sam: may be preventing heart disease, but causing a later life vision problem. may be preventing heart disease, but causing a later life hearing problem. is doing the best for all aspects of his health. may be preventing heart disease, but causing osteoporosis.
answer
may be preventing heart disease, but causing a later life hearing problem.
question
Which two illnesses/conditions are MOST likely to land older people in a nursing home? heart disease and hearing impairments slowed reaction time and hearing impairments breaking a hip due to osteoporosis and Alzheimer's disease presbycusis and presbyopia
answer
breaking a hip due to osteoporosis and Alzheimer's disease
question
If Dr. Cortez is describing the quality of nursing home care in the United States, what phrase should he use? uniformly poor good to average varies from excellent to seriously substandard—but mainly not good excellent
answer
varies from excellent to seriously substandard—but mainly not good
question
The socioeconomic/health gap appears: in middle age. for males, not females. in every age group, from infancy up. around age 60.
answer
in every age group, from infancy up.
question
To have a "good death," people should ideally feel: that their lives had purpose. in control of how and when they die. as free as possible from debilitating pain. All of the answers are correct.
answer
All of the answers are correct.
question
What is the main message of the study of dying trajectories in hospitals? Health-care workers can sometimes hasten death when their predictions are wrong. Health-care workers assume dying is a predictable event—it isn't. Health-care workers make assumptions about when patients will die. All are important messages.
answer
All are important messages.
question
You are visiting a friend who is dying and is fully aware of that fact. You can expect: your friend will want to talk about her impending death. your friend will not want to talk about her impending death. your friend with go through stages in coming to terms with impending death. You cannot make any of these assumptions.
answer
You cannot make any of these assumptions.
question
If Mr. Hayes has entered the "palliative care" unit in a medical center, you can EXPECT: the staff will adopt heroic measures to save Mr. Hayes' life. the staff will tend to withdraw as Mr. Hayes is dying. the staff will shift from trying to vigorously cure Mr. Hayes, to promoting dignified dying. the staff will employ the latest medical technologies in treating Mr. Hayes.
answer
the staff will shift from trying to vigorously cure Mr. Hayes, to promoting dignified dying.
question
To enroll in a hospice program, the patient's doctor must certify that the person is within ________ of death; but people typically use this service when they are within ________ of death. one month; one week six months; days or a week one year; six months two weeks; one week
answer
six months; days or a week
question
How are people MOST likely to die today? after a prolonged period of ups and downs when battling an ultimately fatal chronic disease after a few days from an infectious disease suddenly, without warning, due to an accident, heart attack, or stroke after rapidly declining for a few months or so from some fatal disease
answer
after a prolonged period of ups and downs when battling an ultimately fatal chronic disease
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T or F: Our core temperamental predispositions tend to remain relatively stable with age (unless we experience dramatic life changes).
answer
True
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T or F: Physical health has little impact on intellectual abilities as we age.
answer
False
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T or F: Women feel increasingly dissatisfied with their bodies as they reach middle age.
answer
False
question
T or F: Women tend to adjust more poorly to widowhood than men.
answer
False
question
T or F: Most people are unhappy after they retire.
answer
False
question
T or F: People over 65 have lower rates of mental disorders than younger adults.
answer
True
question
T or F: The socioeconomic status/health gap—or illness disparity between richer and less affluent people—first appears around age 60.
answer
False
question
T or F: Alzheimer's disease is caused by small strokes that limit the brain's blood supply.
answer
False
question
T or F: You probably would not notice age-related vision changes until your sixties
answer
False
question
T or F: Just as KĂĽbler-Ross believed, people go through specific stages in adjusting to impending death.
answer
False
