Question 1

Developmental psychologists study physical, cognitive, and ________ changes throughout the human life span.

Accepted Answer

Social

Question 2

One of the three major concerns of developmental psychology involves a focus on

Accepted Answer

continuity and stages

Question 3

A preference for our mother\'s voice over our father\'s voice has been detected as early as

Accepted Answer

the day after birth.

Question 4

Babies are born with several reflexes for getting food. One of these is to

Accepted Answer

open the mouth in search of a nipple when touched on the cheek.

Question 5

Our earliest conscious memories seldom predate our third birthday. This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

infantile amnesia.

Question 6

According to Piaget, imagining an action and mentally reversing it would be an example of a

Accepted Answer

mental operation

Question 7

According to Vygotsky, parents who say \"No, no!\" when pulling a child\'s hand away from a cake are giving the child a tool for

Accepted Answer

self-control

Question 8

One-year-old Eunice is not overly fearful of strangers but she clearly prefers being held by her mother than by anyone else. Her behavior best illustrates

Accepted Answer

secure attachment

Question 9

Many researchers believe that adult styles of romantic love correspond with childhood patterns of

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attachment

Question 10

Your understanding and awareness of who you are is your

Accepted Answer

self-concept

Question 11

Adolescence extends from

Accepted Answer

the beginnings of sexual maturity to independent adulthood.

Question 12

The ability to think logically about hypothetical situations is indicative of the ________ stage of development.

Accepted Answer

formal operational

Question 13

Psychologist Jonathan Haidt has described our moral intuitions as

Accepted Answer

quick gut feelings.

Question 14

In teen calls to hotline counseling services, the most discussed topic is

Accepted Answer

peer relationships

Question 15

Physical abilities such as muscular strength, reaction time, sensory keenness, and cardiac output reach their peak during

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early adulthood

Question 16

Aerobic exercise programs during late adulthood stimulate improvement in

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memory

Question 17

Alzheimer\'s disease involves a deterioration of neurons that produce

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acetylcholine

Question 18

Researchers have discovered that the midlife transition between early and middle adulthood is characterized by unusually high levels of

Accepted Answer

none of these feelings or events.

Question 19

Professor Parker suggested that heterosexual adults are genetically predisposed to form monogamous bonds because this practice facilitated the cooperative nurture and survival of children. The professor\'s suggestion best illustrates a(n) ________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

evolutionary

Question 20

There is very little relationship between the age of an adult and his or her

Accepted Answer

level of life satisfaction

Question 21

The process of receiving and representing stimulus energies by the nervous system is called

Accepted Answer

sensation

Question 22

Bottom-up processing involves analysis that begins with the

Accepted Answer

sensory receptors

Question 23

Which of the following represents the very first of three steps basic to all sensory systems?

Accepted Answer

receiving sensory stimulation

Question 24

During a hearing test, many sounds were presented at such a low level of intensity that Mr. Antall could hardly detect them. These sounds were below Mr. Antall\'s

Accepted Answer

absolute threshold

Question 25

The principle that two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum proportion for their difference to be perceived is known as

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Weber\'s law

Question 26

A concept that helps us to interpret ambiguous sensations is called a

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schema

Question 27

The pupil is the

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adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters.

Question 28

Objects are brought into focus on the retina by changes in the curve and thickness of the

Accepted Answer

lens

Question 29

Hubel and Weisel identified ________ that respond to specific aspects of visual stimulation.

Accepted Answer

feature detectors

Question 30

The ability to see objects in three dimensions is most essential for making judgments of

Accepted Answer

distance

Question 31

If two objects are assumed to be the same size, the object that casts the smaller retinal image is perceived to be

Accepted Answer

more distant

Question 32

The phi phenomenon refers to

Accepted Answer

the perception of movement created by the successive blinking on and off of adjacent lights.

Question 33

A clouding of the lens of the eye is called a

Accepted Answer

cataract

Question 34

The ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field is called

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perceptual adaptation

Question 35

The bones of the middle ear relay vibrations received from the

Accepted Answer

eardrum

Question 36

Place theory suggests that

Accepted Answer

the pitch we hear is related to the place where the cochlea\'s basilar membrane is stimulated.

Question 37

The classic gate-control theory suggests that pain is experienced when small nerve fibers activate and open a neural gate in the

Accepted Answer

spinal cord

Question 38

For burn victims, a computer-generated virtual reality can help to control pain by means of

Accepted Answer

thought distraction

Question 39

Receptor cells for our sense of ________ reproduce themselves every week or two

Accepted Answer

taste

Question 40

Which of the following senses is best described as a chemical sense?

Accepted Answer

smell

Question 41

Psychologists define learning as the process of

Accepted Answer

acquiring new information or relatively enduring behaviors.

Question 42

Jordan is frightened by the sound of a train whistle. The sound is a(n)

Accepted Answer

stimulus.

Question 43

In Pavlov\'s experiments on the salivary conditioning of dogs, the US was

Accepted Answer

the presentation of food in the dog\'s mouth.

Question 44

A dog salivates to the sound of a tone because the tone has regularly been associated with the delivery of food. In this case, the tone is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

conditioned stimulus

Question 45

In classical conditioning, generalization refers to the tendency for the conditioned response to be evoked by stimuli that are similar to the

Accepted Answer

conditioned stimulus

Question 46

Your heart may race when you are confronted by a lion but not when you are approached by a kitten. This best illustrates the adaptive value of

Accepted Answer

discrimination

Question 47

Primary reinforcers could best be described as

Accepted Answer

innately satisfying stimuli

Question 48

Resistance to extinction is most strongly encouraged by ________ reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

intermittent

Question 49

A partial schedule that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses is a ________ schedule.

Accepted Answer

variable-ratio

Question 50

Administering an aversive stimulus following an operant response is

Accepted Answer

positive punishment

Question 51

The views of learning advanced by Ivan Pavlov and John B. Watson underestimated the importance of

Accepted Answer

cognitive processes

Question 52

The desire to perform a behavior due to promised rewards or threats of punishment involves

Accepted Answer

extrinsic motivation

Question 53

The acquisition of mental information by observing events, watching others, or through language is called

Accepted Answer

cognitive learning

Question 54

In a well-known experiment, preschool children pounded and kicked a large inflated Bobo doll that an adult had just beaten on. This experiment served to illustrate the importance of

Accepted Answer

observational learning

Question 55

Mirror neurons are believed by some scientists to provide a biological basis for

Accepted Answer

observational learning

Question 56

Without conscious reflection, people often yawn when they observe others yawning. Researchers are now considering whether this can be attributed to

Accepted Answer

mirror neuron activity

Question 57

Alex learned to babysit and care for young children effectively by observing the many ways his mother carefully nurtured his own younger siblings. This best illustrates the value of observational learning for promoting

Accepted Answer

prosocial behavior

Question 58

Correlational studies show that prolonged viewing of televised violence ________ increased rates of violent behavior.

Accepted Answer

predicts

Question 59

Voluntary behaviors that produce rewarding or punishing consequences are called

Accepted Answer

operant behaviors

Question 60

Which measure of memory is used on a test that requires matching glossary terms with their correct definitions?

Accepted Answer

recognition

Question 61

The retention of encoded information over time refers to

Accepted Answer

storage

Question 62

Shelly was able to remember the names of three new class members for only a minute or two after they had been introduced to her. The new class members\' names were briefly stored in her ________ memory.

Accepted Answer

short-term memory

Question 63

We encode implicit memories by means of

Accepted Answer

automatic processing

Question 64

Echoic memory refers to

Accepted Answer

a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli.

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