Question 1

Psychologists find that agreeing on the differences between typical and abnormal behaviors is surprisingly difficult. However, deciding that an individual\'s behaviors and mental processes are abnormal is essential because ____.

Accepted Answer

it is the first step toward diagnosing a psychological disorder and providing treatment

Question 2

Courtney is desperately sad, has trouble concentrating, and is experiencing some loss of appetite. She has started to skip most of her classes and can\'t maintain eye contact with others for long. She calls her college\'s mental health help line and says, \"I\'m so worried about my grades that my stomach hurts. I don\'t know what to do.\" Based on the text\'s continuum from normal behavior to severely disordered behavior, Courtney\'s status would be considered ____.

Accepted Answer

psychological disorder, less severe

Question 3

A drawback to the purely statistical approach to abnormality is that ____.

Accepted Answer

it might result in very different definitions of psychological disorder from one culture to the next

Question 4

The text defines abnormal behavior as behavior that is unusual, distressing, and ____.

Accepted Answer

harmful to oneself or others

Question 5

What is the system for classifying psychological disorders published by the American Psychiatric Association?

Accepted Answer

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Question 6

In order to understand the reciprocal relationships between factors that lead to psychological disorders, which is the most helpful perspective?

Accepted Answer

Integrated

Question 7

Kevin, a graduate student in psychology, is fascinated by the topic of psychological disorders. He wants to study why they occur and how he, as a future therapist, can help restore healthy psychological functioning in those who suffer from such conditions. Kevin should probably focus on ________ psychology.

Accepted Answer

abnormal

Question 8

The presence of two or more disorders in the same person is called ____ disorders.

Accepted Answer

comorbid

Question 9

Which of the following is an accurate statement?

Accepted Answer

College students have about the same rates of psychological disorders as their same-age peers who are not attending college.

Question 10

What is the current edition of the DSM?

Accepted Answer

DSM-5

Question 11

Nine-year-old Jacob dislikes and often avoids doing things that require sustained mental effort, such as his schoolwork and homework. According to the DSM, ____.

Accepted Answer

he has met one criterion for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Question 12

Under an integrated approach to psychological disorders, each perspective ____.

Accepted Answer

will have more to say about some disorders than about others

Question 13

A disorder characterized by deficits in social relatedness and communication skills, which often accompanied by repetitive, ritualistic behavior, is called ____.

Accepted Answer

autism spectrum disorder

Question 14

Four-year-old Ryan does not like to make eye contact, does not engage in reciprocal games with his parents or other children, and does not express awareness of others\' points of view. His deficits, which have been diagnosed as autism spectrum disorder, may be due to ____.

Accepted Answer

a failure to develop a normal theory of mind

Question 15

Ethan, a 5-year-old with autism spectrum disorder, often rocks back and forth repetitively. He also gets upset if he cannot follow each step of his familiar routines. A possible source of repetitive or ritualistic behavior is ____.

Accepted Answer

a general dysfunction in sensory networks

Question 16

Most children with autism spectrum disorder have a level of auditory filtering that is ____ that of a group of typical, healthy children.

Accepted Answer

very different from

Question 17

Five-year-old Lielle cannot sit still. She is almost always active and noisy and has difficulty maintaining sustained attention and following instructions in her kindergarten class. What condition might she have?

Accepted Answer

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true regarding attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Accepted Answer

Fewer than 40% of surveyed pediatricians reported using the DSM criteria to evaluate cases of ADHD.

Question 19

Recent research attention on the causes of autism focuses on gene expression during brain development, with specific attention to ____.

Accepted Answer

a large number of genes

Question 20

In the development of autism spectrum disorder, environmental factors are likely to interact with genetics, especially ____.

Accepted Answer

during sensitive periods of brain development

Question 21

Family and twin studies provide strong evidence that ASD is influenced by ____.

Accepted Answer

genetics

Question 22

According to the text, which of the following is NOT an example of a repetitive movement expressed by persons with ASD?

Accepted Answer

whistling

Question 23

A brain imaging study showed that peak cortical thickness occurred around the age of 7.5 years in healthy children and on average around 10.5 years in children with ADHD. This finding implies that children with ADHD ____.

Accepted Answer

can be expected to lag behind their same-age peers in some tasks but will eventually experience improvement

Question 24

The parts of the brain implicated in ADHD, such as the prefrontal cortex and the basal ganglia, feature large amounts of ____ activity. Many of the medications used to treat ADHD work by boosting the activity of this chemical.

Accepted Answer

dopamine

Question 25

Anxiety disorders typically feature anxiety that ____.

Accepted Answer

is not proportional to a person\'s circumstances

Question 26

Of the following, who is most likely to have anxiety, as opposed to fear?

Accepted Answer

Emily, who is so worried about her psychology final she is unable to study.

Question 27

What kind of obsessions are involved in obsessive-compulsive disorder?

Accepted Answer

Intrusive

Question 28

What is an obsession?

Accepted Answer

An intrusive, distressing thought.

Question 29

What of the following is NOT a characteristic of PTSD?

Accepted Answer

An attraction to stimuli surrounding a traumatic event.

Question 30

Brain imaging studies consistently show that PTSD is correlated with smaller _______ volume in the brain.

Accepted Answer

hippocampal

Question 31

Which of the following is true of anxiety?

Accepted Answer

Evidence of a predisposition to anxiety appears early in life.

Question 32

Generalized anxiety disorder is a condition characterized by excessive anxiety and worry that ____.

Accepted Answer

is not correlated with particular objects or situations

Question 33

As a child, Kim was always highly reactive to new situations. Because her mother was a worrywart, Kim learned to view the world as a place requiring vigilance. When her father died, Kim\'s doctor attributed her stress levels to general anxiety disorder (GAD). The source of her GAD is best described by using ____.

Accepted Answer

an integrated perspective

Question 34

The experience of intense fear and autonomic arousal in the absence of a real threat is called ____.

Accepted Answer

a panic attack

Question 35

Eileen works in a crowded downtown neighborhood. She constantly worries that her car will be stolen while she is at work, and repeatedly goes back and checks to see that it is locked before finally arriving at the office, frequently late. Her therapist explains that returning to her car so often is a way to reduce the anxiety created by her obsessive thoughts. This is ____.

Accepted Answer

a learning explanation based on operant conditioning

Question 36

Jake, a veteran of the Iraq war, witnessed his friends being severely injured or killed on two tours of duty. He came home physically healthy but suffering from PTSD. Jake was not much of a drinker before he went to Iraq, but now he frequently drinks alone at night. To what might this be related?

Accepted Answer

Lower levels of naturally occurring benzodiazepine activity in the frontal cortex.

Question 37

Schizophrenia is a disorder characterized by hallucinations, delusions, disorders of movement, avolition/asociality, and ____.

Accepted Answer

disorganized speech

Question 38

A delusion is ____.

Accepted Answer

an unrealistic belief

Question 39

What is bipolar disorder?

Accepted Answer

A mood disorder characterized by alternating periods of mania and depression.

Question 40

Of the following, who is demonstrating mania?

Accepted Answer

John, who feels so cheerful that he talks extensively and rapidly with strangers on the subway and on the street.

Question 41

A major depressive disorder is defined as a disorder characterized by lengthy periods of depressed mood, loss of pleasure in normal activities, disturbances in sleep and appetite, difficulty concentrating, feelings of hopelessness, and ____.

Accepted Answer

possible thoughts of suicide

Question 42

Women experience depression more frequently than men do. This discrepancy between rates of depression in men and women has been observed to ____.

Accepted Answer

be independent of race, ethnicity, social class, and country of residence

Question 43

Myra has hallucinations and delusions. Which of the following is a hallucination, as opposed to a delusion?

Accepted Answer

Myra hears critical voices commenting on her every action.

Question 44

John tells his mother, \"I will rake the leaves this afternoon. Let\'s leave soon for the store. We can store the leaves in the basement.\" This is an example of ____.

Accepted Answer

loosening of associations

Question 45

The symptoms of depression that occur in a person diagnosed with bipolar disorder are ____.

Accepted Answer

the same as the symptoms in major depressive disorder

Question 46

Mania, unlike many other disorders, actually ____.

Accepted Answer

increases productive, goal-directed behavior

Question 47

In the general population of the United States, women make up about two thirds of all cases of major depressive disorder. In contrast, rates of depression among the Amish are equal for men and women. How does the text interpret this result?

Accepted Answer

Gender differences in depression are more likely due to situational factors.

Question 48

Javier adores his new girlfriend, whom he finds very attractive and intelligent. However, no matter what he does, she criticizes him: his appearance, his opinions, his cooking, the gifts he buys for her, and all of his other actions. He is feeling more and more discouraged despite his best efforts to make her happy. This is likely a case of ____.

Accepted Answer

learned helplessness

Question 49

Behaviors that characterize a small minority of people are ____.

Accepted Answer

abnormal

Question 50

One criticism of the DSM-IV and DSM-5 is that they led to \"false epidemics\" by _________.

Accepted Answer

categorizing some normal behaviors as abnormal

Question 51

Dr. Moran believes that depression is purely the result of chemical imbalances of the brain and that a simple prescription should address each of his patient\'s needs. This single-perspective thinking usually leads to ____.

Accepted Answer

single-perspective treatments

Question 52

The weight of scientific evidence indicates that thimerosal, a mercury-containing preservative that has been used in vaccines, ____.

Accepted Answer

plays no part in the development of autism spectrum disorder

Question 53

One unfortunate result of the scientifically unsupported contention that vaccinations play a major role in the development of autism spectrum disorder is that in the first half of 2008, rates of ______ cases in the United States doubled, compared with the rates observed between 2000 and 2007.

Accepted Answer

measles

Question 54

Which of the following is a potential cause of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder?

Accepted Answer

Food additives

Question 55

____ phobias are fears of objects or situations, other than those associated with agoraphobia and social anxiety disorder.

Accepted Answer

Specific

Question 56

What is one of the primary characteristics of panic disorder?

Accepted Answer

Fear of future attacks

Question 57

People with panic disorder have larger quantities of orexins than people without the disorder, which may lead to panic attacks. Orexins play an important role in ____.

Accepted Answer

wakefulness, vigilance, and appetite

Question 58

What is a weakness of the theory that the interpretation of body symptoms, such as an increased heart rate, could lead to increasing anxiety and, ultimately, to panic?

Accepted Answer

Panic does not increase levels of the stress hormone cortisol.

Question 59

Gabriel has become so fearful of going outside his home alone and being in open spaces, such as parking lots, that he has difficulty holding a job. This is best described as ____.

Accepted Answer

agoraphobia

Question 60

The DSM says that engaging in compulsive behavior for more than 1 hour per ____ is considered abnormal.

Accepted Answer

day

Question 61

Combat veterans with PTSD seem particularly sensitive to _____.

Accepted Answer

smells

Question 62

Jane sometimes sits for hours with her arm bent behind her head and one leg crossed under her. Her mother tries to reposition her but she resists. This is an example of ____.

Accepted Answer

catatonia

Question 63

Which of the following is true regarding the role of genes in schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

A large number of different genes have been implicated in the development of schizophrenia and appear to overlap with those involved with bipolar disorder.

Question 64

One reliable correlate of schizophrenia is the presence of enlarged ventricles, which indicates that schizophrenia is associated with ____.

Accepted Answer

neural degeneration

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