Prose/poetry test – Flashcards
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couplet
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2 line stanza
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triplet
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3 line stanza
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quatrain
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4 line stanza
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quintet
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5 line stanza
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septet
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7 line stanza
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sestet
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6 line stanza
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octave
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8 line stanza
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perfect rhyme
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the repetition of accented vowel sound and all succeeding sounds in important words
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perfect rhyme
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old-cold, vane-reign, order-recorder, court-report
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imperfect rhyme
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that have any kind of sound similarity, usually the substitution of assonance or consonance for true rhyme; sometimes called slant rhyme or approximate rhyme
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imperfect rhyme
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crooned-groaned, sun-gone, word-lord
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eye rhyme
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rhyme that appears correct from spelling but does not rhyme because of pronunciation
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eye rhyme
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watch-match, love-move, daughter-laughter
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end rhyme
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rhyme that occurs between words found at the end s of two or more lines in a poem
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internal rhyme
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rhyme between words that occurs within a single line of poetry
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internal rhyme
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"O fleet,sweet sorrow"
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Rhyme scheme
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the pattertn of end rhyme throughout a poem
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RHYTHM
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he pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in words in a line of poetry
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meter
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a regularized pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of poetry; the intentional arrangement of language in which the accented syllables occur at equal intervals of time
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scansion
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the process of marking lines of poetry to determine the meter; that is, marking the accented and unaccented syllables, dividing the lines into feet, identifying the most common type of foot, and noting significant variations from that pattern
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foot
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the basic unit of meter used in the scansion or measurement of verse, either consisting of 2 or 3 syllables
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iambic
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u /
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trochaic
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/ u
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spondaic
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//
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pyrrhic
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u u
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anapestic
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u u /
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dactylic
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/ u u
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monometer
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one foot per line
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dimeter
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two foot per line
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trimeter
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three feet per line
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pentameter
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five feet per line
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hexameter
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six feet per line
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heptameter
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seven feet per line
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octameter
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eight feet per line
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rhymed verse
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has regular meter and a rhyme scheme
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blank verse
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unrhymed iambic pentameter
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free verse
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no regular metrical rhythm or end rhyme
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narrative
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a long story told in verse form; an epic is an example of a narrative poem
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lyric
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a brief, personal poem that uses many sound devices, as well as rhythm and meter, and is filled with emotion; sonnets, odes and elegies are types of lyrics
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ballad
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a type of poem that is actually meant to be sung and is both lyric AND narrative in nature
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simile
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two dissimilar things that are compared using words such as "like," "than," "as," or "resembles."
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simile
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"A dungeon horrible, on all sides around / as one great furnace flamed"
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metaphor
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makes a comparison between two unlike things
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direct metaphor
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metaphor where literal term and the figurative term are both named
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direct metaphor
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"Life, the hound, comes at a bound either to rend me or to befriend me"
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implied metaphor
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metaphor where the literal term is named and the figurative term is implied
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implied metaphor
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"My love blossoms over time"
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extended metaphor
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metaphor - direct or implied - that is developed over more than one line of poetry
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personification
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giving human or animate qualities to an animal, an object or a concept
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personification
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"The mirror has no preconceptions and is always truthful."
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apostrophe
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addressing someone absent or dead or something nonhuman as if it were alive and present and could reply
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apostrophe
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"Death, be not proud."
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literary allusion
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a reference to a person, place or thing from previous literature
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literary allusion
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the bible, shakespere, mythology
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hyperbole
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using exaggeration for emphasis; overstatement
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hyperbole
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"the eagle flies close to the sun in lonley lands"
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irony
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meaning the opposite of what is said (verbal___)
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antithesis
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a strong contrast of words, clauses, sentences or ideas that shows opposing ideas through opposing grammatical structures
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antithesis
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"Man proposes, God disposes"
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synecdoche
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using a part of something to represent the whole thing
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synecdoche
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"The cuckoo's song is unpleasing to the married ear"
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metonymy
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the substitution of one word for another closely associated word
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metonymy
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"The crown sat, looking upon her subjects"
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paradox
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a statement that although seemingly contradictory or absurd may actually be well-founded or true (similar to an oxymoron)
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paradox
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"Much madness is divinest sense"
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symbol
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something (object, person, situation or action) that means more than what it is
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alliteration
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the repetition at close intervals of the initial consonant sounds of certain words
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alliteration
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"Mark my melodious midnight moans"
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consonance
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the repetition at close intervals of middle or end consonant sounds of certain words
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consonance
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"Even heaven has given the wind one tone"
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assonance
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the similarity and repetition of vowel sounds of certain words at close intervals
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assonance
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"she lives free and easy"
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onomatopoeia
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the use of words that mimic their meaning in their sound
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onomatopoeia
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boom, buzz, pop, click
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repetition
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repeating a word or a phrase within a poem in order to...
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refrain
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the repetition of a word or phrase or line(s) at definite intervals in a poem
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pathetic fallacy
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This is using the setting, or nature, to parallel or mirror the mood of a character or of the story.
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expository character revelation
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telling the reader about a character's personality in a straightforward manner; this method is quicker, more direct, and less attention-getting
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dramatic character revelation
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showing the reader what a character is like through descriptions of thought, dialogue, action, etc.; this method is less quick, more indirect, but more attention-getting
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motivation
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the reasons that cause characters to act the way they do
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Consistent Character
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acharacter whose speech, thoughts and actions are what the reader has been lead to expect from that particular character; all good characters are consistent
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Stock Character
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a type of character that is always found "in stock" in a particular type of story---romantic book has boy whos strong and girl who needs him and is beautifil
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Stereotyped Character
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a character created according to widely held, often narrow-minded, ideas; this character has no individuality and is not well developed---jock, cheerleader, not really true
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Mood
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describes the reader's state of mind after she finishes the story (deals with readers' emotions)
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atmosphere
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describes the general feeling of the story itself, usually established by the setting's description
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STYLE
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distinctive handling of language by a writer through the purposeful selection of words (diction) and sentence structure (syntax). Style helps to indicate tone.
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tone
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the author or speaker's attitude toward the characters, events or audience conveyed by details and descriptive words used by the author.
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symbolism
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the use of something concrete to represent something abstract; using a thing to represent an idea, concept, quality or condition
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irony
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contrast between the way things truly are and the way they appear to be
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verbal irony
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a discrepancy between the literal meaning of a word and the meaning actually conveyed; saying one thing but meaning another; verbal irony is usually conveyed through tone of voice; sarcasm is a form
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dramatic irony
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discrepancy between knowledge held by a reader and a character's ignorance of that knowledge; when the reader knows something a character doesn't
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situational irony
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a discrepancy between the expected outcome of a situation and the actual outcome; a twist in the plot
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foil
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a character who contrasts in some important way with a more important character; a character who, through contrast, underscores the distinctive characteristics of another
