Project Report on Lv Prasad Eye Hospital Essay Example

is commonly known as near-sightedness or short-sightedness, refers to a condition where the patient is unable to see distant Hyperopia Hyperopia refers to the condition known commonly as long-sightedness, wherein the patient has difficulty seeing objects or reading at close distances without the aid of glasses. Lasik LASIK Surgery LASIK (or Laser-Assisted In-Situ Keratomileusis) is the most modern surgical procedure for correcting vision problems like myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism.

This is an advanced laser vision correction technique in which the curvature of the cornea is reshaped using a laser that is capable of removing tissues with precision up to a micron level. For this procedure patients should be at least 18 years of age and the refraction (spectacles power) should be stable (unchanged) for at least a year. Persons who typically opt for LASIK are those who find spectacles visually unacceptable, those who are intolerant to lenses, those who would like to participate in outdoor sports or opt for professions demanding excellent uncorrected vision.

However, though doctors strive to make the refractive error zero after LASIK, this may not always be possible. Objective of LASIK:- The main purpose of surgery is to offer sufficient good vision to patients so that they are not dependent upon glasses most of the time. Some of the possible side effects of LASIK are undercorrection, overcorrection, glare, halos, and reduced contrast sensitivity. Therefore patients must have a detailed eye examination before surgery, followed by a realistic discussion with the surgeon on the expected outcome of surgery.

Defects Or Aberrations That Can Be Corrected With LASIK Myopia or short-sightedness occurs when light rays are focused in front of the retina causing blurred vision, particularly

when viewing distant objects. Objects that are near may be seen clearly, but not those that are far away. Myopia is often hereditary, usually due to an abnormally large eyeball or steeply curved cornea. Because the eyeball grows with age, myopia tends to progress, usually stabilizing by the time the person is 20 years old. Hyperopia or far-sightedness is the opposite condition of myopia, where the light rays converge at a point beyond the retina.

Initially objects that are near seem blurred, though distance vision remains clear. However, with age, objects at all distances become blurred. Astigmatism is an irregularity in the shape of the normally spherical cornea. The cornea is shaped like an egg or the back of a spoon, causing distortion of both distant and near vision. Why would One Be Interested In LASIK?

• If the person do not want to wear spectacles or contact lenses.
• If he feels visually and socially restricted by spectacles or contact lenses.
• If the person want to participate in certain outdoor sports here using spectacles or contact lenses may be a problem.
• If the person to join certain professions wherein excellent uncorrected visual acuity is a prerequisite.

Who Can Undergo A Laser Correction Procedure?

• Patient must be above 18 years old.
• Patient should not have any ocular surface abnormality such as dry eyes.
• Patient’s cornea should have adequate thickness for it to be operated upon. The patient undergoes a normal eye examination after which the ophthalmologist may suggest a vision corrective procedure.

Thereafter, information about the patient's eye structure and function - including corneal thickness, corneal curvature, optical aberrations etc. - will be ascertained. All this is done at LVPEI

using state-of-the-art diagnostic equipment. The eye test reports are studied by the ophthalmologist before making a final decision, in consultation with the patient. After Laser Surgery Once surgery is over your eye will be covered with a shield after the administration of some drops and ointment. You can return home immediately. The patient may experience pain for the first 24 to 36 hours, for which you will have to take oral analgesics.

The patient will have to come for follow up visits from the very next day onwards. The concerned doctor will schedule the check-ups as necessary. The usual routine followed after Laser Surgery is :

• First check-up in the morning after surgery
• Seven days from the date of surgery
• One month from the date of surgery
• Three months from the date of surgery
• One year from the date of surgery

The patient undergoes special diagnostic tests at each visit to the Institute aimed at assessing your visual acuity. It is important that you visit the doctor as scheduled on every appointment.

You will be advised to use eye drops or other medication during the post-operative period. LASIK Possible Side-Effects Laser surgery is very safe and effective. But in some patients there could be side effects. Some are as follows: Undercorrection/overcorrection: Undercorrection may sometimes be planned intentionally or may occur as an unintentional effect. As a result, the eye remains short sighted even after the surgery. If the degree of residual myopia is significant, the eye may be retreated at a later date. Overcorrection can occur very rarely.

Glare/halo effect: We may feel some sensitivity to light at night or in bright sunlight. Sometimes in dim light, it may

see a faded ghost image around the sharp bright image. This will pass after the first few days or weeks. Flap complications: Sometimes the anterior corneal flap that is made in LASIK may not be complete if the keratome stops mid-way because of suction loss. In this situation the flap is repositioned and ablation is deferred. The surgery is re-attempted after three months. In rare instances, the flap may tear or become detached. Corneal ecstasia :

Can occur if the corneal thickness is less to begin with, or if the cornea is thinned more than it can withstand with the lasers. Therefore, persons having inadequate corneal thickness are not suitable candidates for LASIK. Alternatives To LASIK :- For patients where the corneal thickness is not sufficient for doctors to perform LASIK, there are other alternatives. Generally LASIK is not performed if the thickness is less than 470µm for spherical errors and less than 490µm for cylindrical errors. In such cases the options are: Photorefractive kertectomy (PRK)

This was the most popular laser procedure for correcting refractive errors before the advent of LASIK. Here the laser is applied to the corneal surface. Since the epithelium (surface layer of the cornea) is removed, this leads to greater activation of inflammatory mediators and better healing. The problems of excessive healing or haze (scar) can decrease the clarity of vision, and regression or refractive error returning due to the addition of tissue. Haze and regressions are more if the error is high. Generally PRK is recommended for cases up to 6. 0 diopters.

The problems encountered in the early post-operative period with PRK are more painful (because of epithelial defects), and delay

visual rehabilitation as it takes 3-4 days for the epithelium to heal. Early visual recovery, more comfort, practically no haze and very little regression (not in all cases) are the advantage of LASIK over PRK. PRK is preferred in cases with borderline corneal thickness where LASIK might be risky. Excessive ultraviolet exposure is a risk factor as it might cause haze after PRK. After surgery, to minimize haze surgeons use ointments.

L V Prasad Eye Institute is one of the few places in India that offers this procedure, and the results have been very encouraging. Phakic intraocular lens The Phakic IOL technique is recommended for patients with moderate to severe myopia, i. e. , very high refractive powers (near-sightedness). It is used safely and effectively for the acutely near-sighted who are tired of wearing thick glasses and are not suited for the customized LASIK procedure, because they have low corneal thickness or flat corneas. Phakic IOL does not change the natural appearance of the face and does not require any special care or maintenance.

Clear lens extraction (Refractive lens exchange) with negative intraocular lens implantation This option is not considered for individuals with myopia as literature has suggested increased incidence of retinal detachment after removal of the lens. Though the incidence of retinal detachment is less in the case of hyperopia, this procedure is not recommended in young people with hyperopia since they stand the risk of posterior capsular opacification. Refractive lens exchange with multifocal or monofocal intraocular lens is recommended for high hyperopes over +5 D after the eye of 40 years.