project management fill in the blank – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Good ____________________ management is critical to providing stakeholder satisfaction.
answer
project integration
question
____________________ involves identifying and managing the points of interaction between various elements of the project.
answer
Interface management
question
Project initiation starts with identifying potential projects, using realistic methods to select which projects to work on, and then formalizing their initiation by issuing some sort of ____________________.
answer
project charter
question
Many information systems are classified as "____________________" because they directly support key business strategies.
answer
strategic
question
____________________ are chances to improve the organization.
answer
Opportunities
question
A positive NPV means the return from a project exceeds the ____________________, the return available by investing the capital elsewhere.
answer
cost of capital
question
Enterprise ______________________ include relevant government or industry standards, the organization's infrastructure, and marketplace conditions.
answer
environmental factors
question
_______________________ include formal and informal plans, policies, procedures, guidelines, information systems, financial systems, management systems, lessons learned, and historical information that can be used to influence a project's success.
answer
Organizational process assets
question
A project manager usually organizes the project work into several work packages using a(n) _______________________
answer
work breakdown structure
question
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Standard 1058-1998 describes the contents of a(n) _______________________
answer
Software Project Management Plan
question
Project managers should not hesitate to consult ____________________ on different topics, such as what methodology to follow, what programming language to use, what training approach to follow, and so on.
answer
experts
question
Factors such as user involvement, clear business objectives, a minimized or clearly defined scope, and firm basic requirements, are elements of _______________________
answer
project scope management
question
The main outputs of ____________________ are the project scope statement and updates to project documents.
answer
scope definition
question
Creating the ______________________________ involves subdividing the major project deliverables into smaller, more manageable components.
answer
work breakdown structure
question
Key inputs for preparing the project scope statement include the ____________________, requirements documentation, and organizational process assets such as policies and procedures related to scope statements as well as project files and lessons learned from previous, similar projects.
answer
project charter
question
A(n) ____________________ project scope statement is an important document for developing and confirming a common understanding of the project scope.
answer
up-to-date
question
PMI uses the term "____________________" to describe each level of work in the WBS.
answer
task
question
A(n) ____________________ is a task at the lowest level of the WBS.
answer
work package
question
If ____________________ for developing a WBS exist, it is very important to follow them.
answer
guidelines
question
____________________ is a technique that uses branches radiating out from a core idea to structure thoughts and ideas.
answer
Mind mapping
question
A(n) ____________________ is a document that describes detailed information about each WBS item.
answer
WBS dictionary
question
____________________ is the tendency for project scope to keep getting bigger and bigger.
answer
Scope creep
question
The main tool for performing scope verification is ____________________.
answer
inspection
question
____________________ is the difference between planned and actual performance.
answer
Variance
question
_______________________ involves estimating how many people, equipment, and materials a project team should use to perform project activities.
answer
Estimating activity resources
question
The ____________________ is a tabulation of activities to be included on a project schedule.
answer
activity list
question
A(n) ____________________ is a schematic display of the logical relationships among, or sequencing of, project activities.
answer
network diagram
question
In a network diagram, a(n) ____________________ is simply the starting and ending point of an activity.
answer
node
question
204. To make milestones meaningful, some people use the ____________________ criteria to help define them.
answer
SMART
question
A(n) ____________________ Gantt chart compares planned and actual project schedule information.
answer
Tracking
question
The _______________________ is based on the fact that, like a chain with its weakest link, any complex system at any point in time often has only one aspect or constraint that limits its ability to achieve more of its goal.
answer
Theory of Constraints
question
____________________ occurs when a resource works on more than one task at a time.
answer
Multitasking
question
One of the first reality checks on scheduling that a project manager should make is to review the ____________________ usually included in the project charter.
answer
draft schedule
question
Many project management software programs come with ____________________ or sample files.
answer
templates
question
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) defines ____________________ as "the totality of characteristics of an entity that bear on its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs."
answer
quality
question
Examples of common ____________________ include failure rates of products produced, availability of goods and services, and customer satisfaction ratings.
answer
metrics
question
Performing ____________________ involves periodically evaluating overall project performance to ensure that the project will satisfy the relevant quality standards.
answer
quality assurance
question
Performing ____________________ involves monitoring specific project results to ensure that they comply with the relevant quality standards while identifying ways to improve overall quality.
answer
quality control
question
_______________________ is a quality planning technique that helps identify which variables have the most influence on the overall outcome of a process.
answer
Design of experiments
question
Top management and ____________________ can have the greatest impact on the quality of projects by doing a good job of quality assurance.
answer
project managers
question
____________________ often results in requested changes and validated defect repair, resulting from recommended defect repair or corrective or preventive actions.
answer
Rework
question
____________________ diagrams trace complaints about quality problems back to the responsible production operations.
answer
Cause-and-effect
question
Standard deviation and ____________________ are fundamental concepts for understanding quality control charts.
answer
variability
question
____________________ measures how much variation exists in a distribution of data.
answer
Standard deviation
question
Watts S. Humphrey defines a(n) ____________________ as anything that must be changed before delivery of the program.
answer
software defect
question
____________________ are groups of non-supervisors and work leaders in a single company department who volunteer to conduct group studies on how to improve the effectiveness of work in their department.
answer
Quality circles
question
Risk management can have a(n) ____________________ impact on selecting projects, determining the scope of projects, and developing realistic schedules and cost estimates.
answer
positive
question
A project ____________________ is an uncertainty that can have a negative or positive effect on meeting project objectives.
answer
risk
question
Given that all projects involve ____________________ that can have negative or positive outcomes, the question is how to decide which projects to pursue and how to identify and manage project risk throughout a project's life cycle.
answer
uncertainty
question
The idea of striving to balance risks and opportunities suggests that different organizations and people have different ____________________ for risk.
answer
tolerances
question
____________________ is the amount of satisfaction or pleasure received from a potential payoff.
answer
Risk utility
question
_________________________ are provisions held by the project sponsor or organization to reduce the risk of cost or schedule overruns to an acceptable level.
answer
Contingency reserves
question
A(n) _______________________is a hierarchy of potential risk categories for a project.
answer
risk breakdown structure
question
____________________ is a technique by which a group attempts to generate ideas or find a solution for a specific problem by amassing ideas spontaneously and without judgment.
answer
Brainstorming
question
____________________ based on risks that have been encountered in previous projects provide a meaningful template for understanding risks in a current project.
answer
Checklists
question
____________________ is a document that contains results of various risk management processes.
answer
risk register
question
The ____________________ is the person who will own or take responsibility for the risk.
answer
risk owner
question
Many professionals use ____________________ to help make several common business decisions, such as determining break-even points based on different assumptions.
answer
sensitivity analysis
question
____________________ risks are risks that remain after all of the response strategies have been implemented.
answer
Residual
question
Project teams sometimes use ____________________ unplanned responses to risk events—when they do not have contingency plans in place.
answer
workarounds
