Principles of Management Final ch.1-12 – Flashcards

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An Organization is _____.
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a deliberate arrangement of people to accomplish some specific purpose.
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All Organizations have ______ that define(s) the organizations purpose and reason for existing.
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Goals
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Which of the Following is a key difference between managerial and non-managerial employees?
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Non-managerial employees do not oversee the work of others.
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Which of the following types of managers is responsible for making organization-wide decisions and establishing the plans and goals that affect the entire organization?
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Top Manager
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Another term efficiency is ____.
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Doing things right
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Another term for effectiveness is _____.
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Doing the right things
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The "father" of scientific management was ______.
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Frederick Winslow Taylor
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Today, the basic management functions are considered to be_______.
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Planning, organizing, leading, and controlling
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The controlling management function is largely a matter of ______.
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monitoring to see that tasks are accomplished.
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Organizing includes ______.
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Determining who does what tasks
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According to Mintzberg, which of the following fit into the category of interpersonal roles?
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Figurehead, leader, and liaison
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Non-profit organizations are different from for-profit organizations primarily ______.
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In the way they measure success
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Almost all managerial tasks involve_______.
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Decision making
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Understanding building codes would be considered a(n)_____ skill for a building contractor.
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Technical
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Good political skills would be most important to a manager who ______.
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wants to rise through organizational ranks
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Companies that are well managed can prosper during difficult economic times by depending on _______.
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a loyal customer base
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Even people who have no plans to be managers can benefit from studying management because _____.
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They are likely to be managed in their work career
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How do customers play a role in changing the job of the modern manager?
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Managers are increasingly including customer satisfaction as a major goal.
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What did the effect of a volcanic eruption in Iceland on production of Nissans in a plant in Japan illustrate?
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How much organizations depend on their external environment
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Which event triggered the recent recession that began in 2008?
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Homeowners were unable to make mortgage payments
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In the U.S. the gap between the rich and poor is?
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accepted
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Which demographic do manager pay closest attention to with respect to large-scale trends in the business world?
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Age
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Which of the following is likely to be the permanent result of the recent economic downturn in the United States?
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About a quarter of the jobs lost will not return
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Which of the following best defines environmental uncertainty?
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the amount of change and complexity in an organizations external environment
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Which of the following is LEAST likely to be considered a stakeholder for a newspaper company, The Daily Recorder?
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Critics who claim that all newspapers are biased and dishonest
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The Daily Recorder is considering raising its price from 60 cents to 75 cents. Which stakeholders should it consider most in making this decision?
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Its customers
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What do most high performing companies have in common when it comes to stakeholder relationships?
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High performing companies tend to consider the interest of all stake holder groups when they make important decisions
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The culture of an organization is analogous to the _______ of an individual.
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Personality
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Which of the following phrases best characterizes the culture of an organization?
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How things are done around here
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Sony Corporation's focus on product innovation is an example of which of the following dimensions of organizational culture?
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Risk tolerance
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Which of the following factors has contributed to the current view that management is more unethical today than before?
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Increasing government standards
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A global village can be best characterized as a business climate in which there are ______.
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No international boundaries
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A multinational corporation (MNC) _____.
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includes any company that exports goods overseas
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A global corporation ________.
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Centralizes management in a single home country
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________ is a good example of a multi-domestic corporation.
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John Deere
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Which choice constitutes the typical first step for an organization that is "going global"?
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Outsourcing
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Franchising is used widely by _______.
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restaurant chains
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Which of the following is usually found in the final stage of an organization's global evolution?
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Establishing strategic alliances with partners
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A fully global organization might set up a _____ with a foreign company to create a new, independent company that produces a specific product.
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Joint venture
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Joint ventures are a type of ______.
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strategic alliance
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A Coca-Cola bottling plant in Bolivia is wholly owned by a local businessperson. What kind of venture is this plant likely to be?
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a licensed plant
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Which of the following is the best synonym for the word parochial?
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narrow
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Societies with a high assertiveness rating would tend to be ______.
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competitive
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Which of the following best summarizes Blake Mycoskie's ( the founder of TOMS shoes) business philosophy?
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a business should be both ethical and socially responsible
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the cases of Enron and Bernard Madoff go beyond a question of ethics because in both cases ______.
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laws were clearly broken
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The classical view of social responsibility that a for-profit organizations responsibility is ________.
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to maximize profits only
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A company that meets its social obligation ______.
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fulfills its legal and economic responsibilities only
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The Socioeconomic view of social responsibility states that a business ________.
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is a moral agent
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The socioeconomic view is that management's social responsibility goes beyond making profits to include ______.
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protecting and improving society's welfare
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When a company does the minimum that the law requires it is meeting its ______.
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social obligation
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Social responsiveness refers to the capacity of a firm to ______.
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address some pressing public need
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Proponents of the socioeconomic view of social responsibility believe that being socially responsive is ______.
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good for business
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_______ dictates that being socially responsible is the "right thing to do."
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An ethical obligation
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Those arguing against being socially responsible might make the claim that costs for social goals are ultimately ______.
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paid for by consumers in the form of higher prices
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Which of the following best defines sustainability for a company?
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running the company with a strategy that is both profitable and good for the environment.
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Which of the following is a basic definition of ethics?
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Principles that define right a wrong
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A _____ is a formal document that states an organization's primary values and the ethical rules it expects its employees to follow.
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code of ethics
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In most cases, organizations that have managers who behave ethically tend to have ______.
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more ethical employees
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Which of the following is most likely at the root of the problems that befell an unethical company like Enron?
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leaders with poor ethical standards
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Which of the following is commonly considered a category of workforce diversity?
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age
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In global companies, a major cause of the line between work and non-work getting blurred is ______.
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needing to communicated with overseas operations in different time zones
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Part-time, temporary, and contract workers who are available for hire on an as-needed basis are known as ______.
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a contingent workforce
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Managers hire contingent workers because they are _____ than permanent workers.
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Less costly
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Decision making begins with _____.
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identifying a problem
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Which of the following defines a problem in the decision making process?
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a discrepancy between what exists and what the decision maker desires to exist
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The decision making process consists of a series of eight steps that identify a problem and work toward ultimately _____.
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Solving the problem
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A manager is determining what kind of new computers she should purchase for her department. she has made a list of five different computer models for consideration. Which stage for the decision making process is this?
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Development of alternatives
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After purchasing new computers for her department, a manager is now comparing the performance of the new computers to the computers they replaced. Which stage of the decision making process is she carrying out?
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evaluation of decision effectiveness
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In allocating weights to the decision criteria, which of the following is most helpful to remember?
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Assign the most important criterion a score, and ten assign weights against that standard
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What is Heuristic?
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a shortcut or rule of thumb that is used for decision making
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Because they are not systematic or comprehensive, using heuristics in place of an eight-step decision making process can lead to ______.
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errors and biases
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A banker opts for short-term gain despite indications that his decision might not pay off in the long run. which error or bias is the banker guilty of?
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immediate gratification
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The three main models that mangers use to make decisions are _____.
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rational, bounded rational, and intuitive
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It is assumed that a rational decision maker ______.
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would be objective and logical
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Maximizing value for an organization means making sure that ____.
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the best interests of the organization are addressed
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Which of the following is the best definition for the word satisfice?
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accepts a less than perfect solution
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Sticking to a decision despite evidence that it is a mistake is called _____.
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escalation of commitment
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which model of decision making takes advantage of unconscious reasoning?
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intuitive
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Compared to fully rational decision making, what is a major advantage of intuitive decision making?
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speed
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Structured problems are _____.
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clear and straightforward
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unstructured problems are _____.
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situations in which all options are not known
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Which of the following is an example of a structured problem?
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deciding shipping options for a vacuum cleaner
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Structured problems typically have ______ while unstructured problems typically have ______.
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only one solution ; many solutions
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Programmed decisions work well for solving _____.
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structured problems
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programmed decisions draw heavily on which of the following?
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past solutions that were successful
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Following the directions to put together an elliptical exercise machine is an example of which way to solve a problem?
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procedure
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A judge consults guidelines before handing down and award for damages in a legal case. What kind of decision making is she doing?
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following a policy
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Top managers in an organization tend to ______.
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make non-programmed decisions
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Which three conditions do decision makers face?
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certainty, risk, uncertainty
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In a condition of certainty, ______.
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all outcomes of all alternatives are known
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If a car buyer knows the inventory dealer price of the same care at different dealerships, he or she is operating under what type of decision making conditions?
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certainty
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A retail clothing store manager who estimates how much to order for the current spring season based on last spring's outcomes is operating under what kind of decision making condition?
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Risk
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______ is a situation in which a decision maker has incomplete information about outcomes and does not have the ability to reasonably estimate outcomes that are not known.
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uncertainty
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Managers in organizations make group decisions ______.
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frequently
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One advantage of group decision making is that it usually provides _______ than individual decision making.
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more information
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Group decisions generally feature ______ acceptance than decisions made by an individual.
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greater
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Group decisions making typically increases the legitimacy of a decision because the decision was made _______.
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democratically
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______ can cause people in a group to fail to express their true opinions.
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Pressure to conform
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Which of the following is used exclusively to generate creative ideas in a group setting?
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brainstorming
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Which of the following is NOT allowed in a brainstorming session?
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criticism or dismissal of poor ideas
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What advantages does video conferencing provide for group decision making?
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Savings on travel and time
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The use of ringisei in Japanese organizations reflects which of the following values in Japanese culture?
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Consensus- seeking
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French management style tends to be _____ in style.
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Autocratic
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When dealing with international organizations, managers must be _______ in order to accommodate the managing styles of different cultures.
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as flexible as possible
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______ helps people find better solutions to problems using innovative problem solving methods.
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Creativity
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Which of the following is NOT a function of planning?
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settling disputes between employees
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In informal planning, goals are usually _____ shared with others in organization.
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unwritten, and little is
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In formal planning, _______.
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specific goals covering a period of years are defined
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Planning gives organizations direction that primarily helps them ______.
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Improve team work and coordinate activities
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Planning gives organizations a way to deal with change that ______.
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reduce uncertainty
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One effect of planning on mangers is that it forces them to ______.
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anticipate and consider the effect of change
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One criticism of formal planning is that it focuses on how to beat the competition rather than how to ______.
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Focus on new opportunities
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Studies of performance in organizations that plan have reached _____ with respect to the benefits of formal planning
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generally positive conclusions
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In studies in which high-quality formal planning did not lead to higher performance, ______ usually the culprit.
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unforeseen events or conditions were
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The first step in the six-step strategic management process is to______.
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identify the organizations mission
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The first three steps of the strategic management process involve _____ strategies.
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planning
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A mission statement includes identification of an organization's ______.
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purpose and basic philosphy
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An external analysis, the second step of the strategic management process, helps identify _____.
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a company's opportunities and threats
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Which term refers to an organizations capital, works, and patents?
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resources
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An organizations capabilities identify ______.
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what the organization can do
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SWOT analysis identifies and analyzes an organizations _______.
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Strength, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats
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SWOT analysis combines ______.
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external and internal analyses
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The three different types of strategies that managers implement are ______.
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corporate, competitive, functional
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A corporate strategy focuses primarily on _______.
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an organizations mission
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A salad dressing company that buys a large olive grove to produce olive oil is practicing which of the following?
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backward vertical integration
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In forward vertical integration a company becomes its own ______, while in backward vertical integration, the company is its own _______.
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distributor; supplier
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Two movie studios combining to form on larger studio is an example of which of the following?
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horizontal integration
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When Google purchased youtube, a company that featured different, but related products, Google was engaging in which of the following?
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Diversification
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A company who goal is to retain its ideal size and market share is employing which kind of strategy?
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stability
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Remedies that all renewal strategies employ include which of the following?
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cutting costs
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A diversified corporation is likely to have_____.
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multiple competitive strategies
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The thing that makes your product special is known as your ______.
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competitive advantage
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A company with differentiation strategy focuses on making its products or services ______.
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unique and special
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A differentiation strategy ______.
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can focus on a brand image
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Most successful companies find that _____ a competitive advantage is almost as difficult as developing a competitive advantage.
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sustaining
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To gain a sustainable competitive advantage, a pharmaceutical company might _____.
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secure exclusive rights to produce a drug
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A company's strategic weapon in any product, service, or other attribute it has that __________.
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gives it an edge over its competitors
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To create a competitive advantage that is sustainable, a company can begin by focusing on quality, then ______
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Make incremental improvements to keep quality levels high
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This term describes an electric shaver company that carefully observes its competitor's production line to look for ways to improve its own manufacturing process.
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benchmarking
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which of the following best defines goals?
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Desired outcomes for the future
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In reality, all organizations have _____.
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multiple goals
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_____ are important because they provide the standards against which all organizational accomplishments are measure.
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Goals
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In traditional goal setting, these individuals sets goals
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top managers
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In traditional goal setting, as they work their way from top management to employees, goals are likely to _____.
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become less clear
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In management by objectives (MBO), goals ______.
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are jointly determined by employees and managers
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In addition to being made by both managers and employees, MBO goals must be ______.
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specific and include and explicit time limit
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strategic plans address ______.
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overall organizational goals
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tactical plans are operational plans that identify ______.
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how overall goals are to be achieved
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standing plans typically can be used _____.
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repeatedly
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Top managers, for the most part, focus on this type of planning.
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strategic
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The more uncertain a situation is, the more ______ plans must be.
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Flexible
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The commitment concept states that plans should ______.
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stake out a time period that is neither too long nor too short
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In the twenty-first century, managers increasingly need to consider their plans as ______.
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flexible road maps with destinations that may change
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Which statement accurately defines work specialization?
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individual employees specialize in doing part of an activity rather than the entire activity
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Functional departmentalization groups jobs by _____.
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tasks they perform
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A soap company that features a bath soap department, a laundry detergent department, and a dish soap department is using which of the following?
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product departmentalization
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State motor vehicle offices usually use this kind of departmentalization.
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process
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The line of authority that extends from the upper levels of management to the lowest levels of the organization is termed the ______.
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chain of command
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______ prevents a single employee from getting conflicting orders from two different superiors.
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unity of command
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_____ is the power that rest on the leader's ability to punish or control.
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coercive power
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A traditional "top down" organization is ______ organization.
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a largely centralized
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In todays decentralized business world, _____ the most important strategic decisions .
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top managers still primarily make
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Today's top managers are moving away from formalization and trying to be this.
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More flexible
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strategy, size, technology, and the degree of uncertainty in the environment together make up what are called ______.
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contingency variables
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What is a strength of a simple structure?
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accountability is clear
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In a team structure, _____.
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there is no clear line of managerial authority
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In a matrix structure, a group member will typically report to ______.
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Both a project manager and functional department head
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In a project structure, when the employees finish a project they ______.
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move on to another project
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Boundaryless organizations try to eliminate _____ within their organization.
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horizontal specialization and vertical hierarchy
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A learning organization develops the capability to _____.
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continuously learn, adapt, and change
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Human resource management is concerned with ______ competent employees.
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obtaining, training, motivation, and retaining
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For the most part, _______ are involved in HR decisions within their own department or unit.
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all managers
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The most important environmental factor in the HRM process is ______.
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the legal environment
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The ____ prohibits discrimination based on race, color, religion, national origin, or sex.
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Title VII of the civil rights act
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The lengthy process by which a job is examined in detail in order to identify the skills, knowledge and behaviors necessary to perform the job is known as a ______.
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Job analysis
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A job description is ______.
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a written document used to describe a job to job candidates
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A job specification is ______.
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a list of job qualifications only
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Recruitment is the process of _____.
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locating, identifying, and attracting potential employees
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Which of the following is an advantage of using private employment agencies for recruiting?
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careful screening of applicants
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Which of the following downsizing methods can "happen on its own" if management suspends hiring practices?
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attrition
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an accept error occurs when an applicant ______.
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who is hired performs poorly on the job
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To use a physical test as a selection device, a company must demonstrate that ______.
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physical ability is related to job performance
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Few people are ever selected for a job without this.
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undergoing an interview
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How effective are behavioral interviews?
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eight times as effective as ordinary interviews
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A realistic job review (RJP) includes _______ a job.
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both positive and negative aspects of
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Most training in U.S. organizations is _____.
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on the job training
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Why do managers often offer counseling to underperforming employees rather than just fire them?
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to avoid the cost of replacing the employee
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Health insurance is an example of which of the following?
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employee benefit
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According to the EEOC, sexual harassment is _____ that creates a hostile environment, interferes with a person's work or diminishes the person's employment opportunities.
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any speech or physical conduct of a sexual nature
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What financial threat does sexual harassment pose to companies?
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enormous risk of major lawsuit settlements
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Change can't be eliminated, so managers must learn to _________ successfully.
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manage it
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Which of the following is an example of a technology change within an organization?
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workers using new software
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Which of the following is an organizational structure change?
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changing who reports to whom
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The patient protection and affordable care act is an example of which of the following forms of environmental change?
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government laws and regulations
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In organizations, people who act as catalysts and assume the responsibility for managing the change process are called _____.
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change agents
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The "calm waters" metaphor envisions an organization as _______.
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a large ship on a calm sea
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The "white-water rapids" metaphor envisions an organization as ______.
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a small raft on a raging river
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The first step in Lewin's three-step description of the change process involves ________.
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unfreezing the status quo
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Which phenomenon in today's business climate has mad the "white-water rapids" metaphor popular?
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constant and chaotic change
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Organization development (OD) helps employees _____.
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deal with planned change
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The primary goal of the OD method called team building is to _______.
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increase trust and openness
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Uncertainty causes people to resist change because it ______.
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replaces the known with the unknown
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Older workers tend to resist change more than younger workers because they ______.
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have more invested in the current system
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Workers seem to reject a simple new manufacturing method that has been shown to increase company sales because they say, " that is not the way we do things around here." these workers are most likely to be resisting change due to which of the following?
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habit
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Workers in a company are complaining about a new employee evaluation system. which kind of resistance to change are they demonstrating?
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resistance because of uncertainty
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A technique that helps employees deal with change that includes them in the decision-making process is _____.
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participation
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When managers threaten to fire workers unless they agree to go along with new company policies, they are using which of the following?
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coercion
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Stress in the workplace is an adverse reaction that people have in response to _______.
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demands, constraints, and opportunities
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which statement is correct?
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stress can be bad or good
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potential stress can become actual stress when the outcome of an event is uncertain and ________.
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important to the individual
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Stress has ______ symptoms.
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psychological, behavioral and physical
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An employee's blood pressure rise, indicating a(n) ______ symptom of stress.
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physical
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A stressor is defined as ______
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a personal or job related factor that causes stress
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A head football coach who tries to coach every phase of the team-offense, defense, and special teams-rather than delegate authority is likely to suffer from _______.
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role overload
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George constantly strives to excel. He must always get the highest grade in the class and has a sense of urgency about him at all times. George probably has which of the following?
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Type A personality
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Kara is very relaxed, easygoing person who appears to have all the time in the world. she is never too busy to stop and chat for a moment. Kara has which of the following?
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Type B personality
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A key to dealing with stress is to recognize that all stress _______.
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cannot be eliminated from an employees life
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to reduce stress, managers need to make sure that employees ________.
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have jobs that match their abilities
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Stress from an employee's personal life can best be helped by this.
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employee assistance programs
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_______refers to the ability to combine ideas in a unique way or to make unusual associations between ideas.
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creativity
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_______Is the process of taking a creative idea and turning it into something useful.
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innovation
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An innovative organization needs to tolerate _______ because creative ideas sometimes seem foolish at first.
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the impractical
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An innovative organization needs to tolerate risk because employees_______ the creative process.
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making mistakes is part of
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_______actively support innovation and every step of the process that leads to innovative ideas
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idea champions
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Many managers in today's business world have restructured work _______.
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around teams rather than individuals
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This kind of work group brings individuals together from different work disciplines with different knowledge and skills.
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cross-functional team
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During a recent meting, a shouting match arose between a design manager and a marketing representative about a marketing plan for a new product. This team seems to be at the _______ stage of group development.
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storming
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Al is given two different "top priorities" from two different managers. Al is experiencing _________.
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role conflict
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Group norms typically are established ______.
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informally by the entire group
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A low-ranking employee having the best parking space in the company parking lot is an example of ______.
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status incongruence
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Small groups appear to perform better when it comes to _____
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speed of performing tasks
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Group cohesiveness is largely a measure of how ______.
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much individuals share the group's goals
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Teams are increasingly popular among successful organizations because they have been found to _____.
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outperform individuals in many tasks
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The main difference between work groups and work teams is that _______.
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Work teams have a common goal
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Teams composed of individuals from the same department or functional area and are involved in efforts to improve work activities are called _______.
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problem solving teams
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Teams composed of individuals who function without a supervisor are called ______.
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self-managed work teams
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The team that meets each week in room 201 has a goal of creating a new cell phone model. The teams consists of an engineer, a designer, a computer software specialist, and a marketing specialist. The team has full authority to make and implement its own decisions. This is likely to be a ______.
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cross-functional team
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A major contextual factor that contributes to making a team effective is ______.
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trust
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When team members complain that they aren't being paid enough, the team has this kind of contextual problem.
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performance evaluation and reward system
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These are the Big Five personality traits that seem to have the greatest influence on team performance.
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conscientiousness and openness to experience
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the "two pizza" rule holds that work teams should _______.
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be small enough to fed by two pizzas
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Team efficacy is a measure of how ______ a team is.
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confident
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A major drawback of using global team is _______
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cultural differences
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A major benefit of global team is ______
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idea diversity
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The direction of an individuals motivation can be channeled to benefit ______.
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both individuals and/or organizations
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Maslow's theory is a hierarchy because ______.
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needs are satisfied sequentially
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Self-actualization most closely corresponds to ______.
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be all you can be
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Theory X assumes that people work hard _____.
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only when they are forced
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According to Herzberg, which kind of characteristics are most closely associated with job dissatisfaction?
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Extrinsic things that come from the outside
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According to Herzberg, which of the following is considered a motivator?
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responsibility
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Which three needs are recognized in McClelland's three-needs theory?
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achievement, power, affiliation
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Successful managers tend to be better at ______.
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Helping others achieve goals than achieving their own goals
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Setting goals definitely seems to ______.
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Increase performance and motivation
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The job characteristics model (JCM) maintains that _____ is critical to motivating workers.
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how jobs are designed
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Autonomy is important in the JCM because it gives the worker ____.
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A sense of personal responsibility
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Equity theory is based primarily on ideas about which of the following?
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fairness
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In equity theory, procedural justice is concerned with which of the following?
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determining how fair the system is
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The first variable in expectancy theory might be summarized by saying _______.
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different rewards motivate people in different ways
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The integrated model for motivation as shown in the chapter reading features the following basic sequence.
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effort-performance-rewards-individual goals
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Expectancy theory and goal-setting theory align well with American workers because American culture places a strong emphasis on ______.
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achievement and individualism
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One factor that seems to motivate workers across all cultures is seeking ______.
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interesting work
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In today's diverse workforce, which factor do managers need to focus on most to maximize motivation?
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flexibility
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_______allow companies to accommodate the needs of workers with nonstandard family situations
answer
Flextime, compressed work weeks, and job sharing
question
Which of the following is thought to best motivate professionals?
answer
Challenging problems and important work
question
_______ can improve employee performance by sharing the financial circumstances of the organization with the employee.
answer
open-book management
question
Because leading is one of the four basic managerial functions, _____leaders.
answer
all managers should be
question
Leaders are _____.
answer
individual people, while leadership is a process
question
If a trait theory of leadership were true, then all leaders would possess ______.
answer
the same traits
question
Trait theory helps explain why _______.
answer
successful leaders are effective
question
Which leadership style tends to centralize authority and make unilateral decisions?
answer
autocratic style
question
Monica's boss allows her to make any decision she thinks is important on the spot without consulting anyone. Monica's boss has this kind of leadership style.
answer
Laissez-faire style
question
The behavioral theories of leadership began around this time.
answer
1940-1960
question
On the managerial grid, a leader who is high in both concern for people and concern for production would rate _______
answer
9,9
question
The key to the Fiedler contingency model of leadership is to match ______.
answer
leadership style and situation
question
Fiedler's LPC ratings concluded that leaders were either ______.
answer
task oriented or relationship oriented
question
your boss has total control over hiring, firing, and promotions in your department. He has ______.
answer
high position power
question
Jobs in a firm are quite informal. Workers are versatile and switch tasks a responsibilities depending on the situation. In Fielder's model, this firm would be said to have________.
answer
Low task structure
question
In the situational leadership theory (SLT), readiness is defined as _______ to perform a task.
answer
both the ability and willingness
question
A leader who pretty much leaves employees on their own is assuming this SLT role.
answer
delegating
question
The leader participation model contends that leader behavior should ______.
answer
adjust to the structure of the task involved
question
The most important conclusion from the leader-participation model is that _____.
answer
a leader must change his or her leadership style depending on the situation
question
The path-goal theory sees the job of an effective leader as ______.
answer
clearing the path between followers and their goals
question
A (n) ______ leader in path-goal theory gives specific guidance in performing tasks
answer
directive
question
an important trait of a(n) ______leader in path-goal theory is friendliness.
answer
supportive
question
A(n) _______leader in path-goal theory often makes decisions collectively with followers.
answer
participative
question
Leaders who are looking for exceptionally high performance from subordinates might try this approach.
answer
achievement oriented
question
Visionary leaders are leaders who guide by _______.
answer
articulating a vision of the future
question
Transformational leaders are leaders who guide by ______.
answer
Inspiring followers
question
Which team is most closely associated with transformational leaders?
answer
inspiring
question
Visionary leadership differs from charismatic leadership because of its focus on _______.
answer
a positive image of the future
question
This team leader role requires leaders to try to get the best out of their team.
answer
Coach
question
When two members of a team are having a personal conflict, the team leader takes on this role.
answer
Conflict manager
question
A unique problem that virtual leaders face is being understood without a _______ form of communication.
answer
nonverbal
question
Studies show that the higher the rank a star performer has in an organization, the more he or she relies on ______ for success.
answer
emotional intelligence
question
This is the dimension of trust that includes how honest a leader is.
answer
integrity
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