Principles of Computing Final – Flashcards
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A megabyte is exactly a million bytes. t/f
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false
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The ADD instruction adds the contents of a location, not the number of the location. t/f
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true
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The ability to store different values in its memory locations makes the computer a flexible tool. t/f
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true
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Device drivers must be purchased separately from the peripheral. t/f
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false
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Any 2 GHz computer will always run faster than a 1 GHz computer. t/f
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false
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Starting a computer is called booting. t/f
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true
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An interrupt is a request for the operating system to do something. t/f
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true
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Miniaturization is the biggest achievement of microchip technology. t/f
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false
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A canal is the path in a semiconductor where electricity travels. t/f
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false
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A field effect transistor controls the flow of electricity through a circuit without ever touching the circuit. t/f
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true
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The fear of computers taking over the world has died down since the 1950s and 1960s. t/f
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true
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Memory is measured in: a) megabytes b) bytes c) MB d) all of the above
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d) all of the above
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Computer memory is like: a) a rule b) a row of plastic cups c) a number line d) an analog clock
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b) a row of plastic cups
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The control unit of the computer is involved in the: a) Instruction Fetch & Instruction Execute Cycle b) Control Cycle c) Instruction Execution d) Data Fetch
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a) Instruction Fetch & Instruction Execute Cycle
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The peripheral most closely tied to the computer is the: a) monitor b) mouse c) hard disk d) keyboard
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c) hard disk
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Computer instructions are: a) 1 byte long b) 2 bytes long c) 4 bytes long d) 8 bytes long
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c) 4 bytes long
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The program counter keeps track of the: a) number of programs the computer is running b) number of memory addresses used c) next instruction in the Control unit d) current instruction in Fetch/Execute
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c) next instruction in the Control unit
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The computer's speed is measured in megahertz, that is: a) thousands of cycles per minute b) millions of cycles per minute c) thousands of cycles per second d) millions of cycles per second
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d) millions of cycles per second
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On the computer, a billion clock ticks in a second is called: a) megahertz b) gigahertz c) bilahertz d) terahertz
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b) gigahertz
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Computer speed is dependent upon all of the following except: a) processor speed b) memory size c) byte size d) instruction set
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c) byte size
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A clock speed of 1 GHz means the computer runs: a) exactly 1 billion instructions per second b) at least 1 billion instructions per second c) up to 1 billion instructions per second d) around 1 billion instructions per second
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d) around 1 billion instructions per second
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A page fault is: a) an attempt by the computer to run instructions stored on the hard disk b) the process the computer uses to start itself c) an error the computer makes when a device driver is missing d) an out of memory error
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a) an attempt by the computer to run instructions stored on the hard disk
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Which of the following is not controlled by the operating system? a) printing and mouse movement b) system integration c) monitor display d) memory management
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b) system integration
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Integrated circuits are so remarkable because: a) they use a photographic process in manufacturing b) the entire circuit is made of the same types of materials c) they combine millions of programs on the same chip d) more than one of the above
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d) more than one of the above
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The "wires" on a computer chip are made from: a) copper b) aluminum c) iron d) gold
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b) aluminum
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The lowest programming language that humans use is: a) binary b) assembly c) Java d) HTML
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b) assembly
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Which of the following is not an operating system? a) Apple Mac X b) Unix c) Linux d) Assembly
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d) Assembly
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Management of a computer's hardware is done with: a) a programming language b) a compiler c) an operating system d) all of the above
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c) an operating system
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How many steps are a part of the Fetch/Execute cycle? a) 2 b) 4 c) 5 d) 8
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c) 5
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The next instruction must be at the memory address: a) PC b) PC + 4 c) PC-2 d) PC*4
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b) PC + 4
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Information is generated when buying goods and services at a store. t/f
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true
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The vast majority of business transactions are anonymous. t/f
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false
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American privacy laws are much stricter than European laws. t/f
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false
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The United States has not adopted the OECD principles. t/f
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true
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Globalization is likely to increase privacy. t/f
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true
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The laws protecting the information of individuals place more limits on the government than on business. t/f
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true
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The United States provides almost no enforcement of OECD privacy principles. t/f
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true
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A company can place a cookie on your computer even if you've never visited the Web site. t/f
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true
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Linking third-party serial numbers embedded in cookies is illegal. t/f
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false
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Cooking can be used to track ad placement on Web sites. t/f
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true
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The biggest information privacy issue in the United States is the concern between approval and objection of information use. t/f
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true
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The RSA public key cryptosystem code has not been cracked. t/f
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false
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The Do-Not-Call List was so successful, it has now been applied to email. t/f
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false
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Identity theft is the crime of posing as someone else for fraudulent purpose. t/f
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true
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Partial bakcups should be made more often than full backups. t/f
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true
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Emptying the trash is no guarantee that the data has been erased. t/f
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true
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Privacy laws in Hong Kong are stricter than those in the United States. t/f
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true
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There are only two basic threats to privacy. t/f
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true
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Non-EU countries that want information on Eu citizens must show that they have privacy laws consistent with the OECD principles. t/f
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true
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"Opt-in" means the business can use it unless the person explicitly prohibits the new use. t/f
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false
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Modern browsers let you control the cookie policy for your computer. t/f
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true
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In the United States the protection of an individual's privacy is the responsibility of the government. t/f
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false
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The purpose of encryption is to allow private transmission and storage of sensitive information. t/f
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true
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The frequency count of English is fixed. t/f
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false
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Personal computers can only be backed up to another hard disk. t/f
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true
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Most Americans wrongly assume that their privacy regarding business information is restricted to __________.
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private use
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__________ and __________ are the two biggest threats to privacy.
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Government and Business
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Five principles for the collection and use of personal information were first laid out by the __________.
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Code of Fair Information Practices
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The __________ limits the government's ability to interfere with people's privacy.
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Privacy Act of 1974
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The United states takes a __________ approach to individual privacy by passing laws to limit specific industries or business practices.
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sectoral
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The concept of __________ allows data on people from EC countries to be transferred to other countries, providing the company complies with OECD rules.
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Safe Harbor
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__________ is the process of recovering encrypted cipher text.
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Decryption
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__________ can be described as x or y but not both.
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XOR
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Public key encryption techniques are known as __________.
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strong encryption
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A(n) __________ is a security bypass that could be used to send cleartext to security officials.
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trapdoor
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__________ systems would bypass security by requiring software vendors to register their encryption keys.
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Key escrow
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Which principle of the OECD Fair Information Practices states that personal data gathered should be relevant to the purposes for which it is used, and should be accurate, complete, and up-to-date?
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Quality Principle
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A(n) __________ solution provides consistent protection to all information.
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Omnibus
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FTC guidelines require __________ only for highly sensitive information like medical data.
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opt-in
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__________ are an elegant way for servers to give clients the illusion they are the only one being served.
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Cookies
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Spreadsheets are used primarily in: a) education b) business c) government d) the home
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c) government
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The basic unit of a spreadsheet is a: a) box b) cube c) cell d) grid
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c) cell
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Speadsheets: a) can only be sorted by column A b) can be sorted by any column provided the column is named c) are sorted by rows then columns d) can be sorted by any column
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d) can be sorted by any column
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A range of cells can include: a) cells from more than one row b) cells from more than one column c) the entire spreadsheet d) all of the above
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d) all of the above
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Data too wide to fit in a cell: a) is truncated b) is abbreviated c) is hyphenated d) cannot be entered into a cell
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a) is truncated
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The main purpose of a spreadsheet is to: a) display numerical results b) process numerical data c) organize factual data d) graphically present data
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b) process numerical data
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To stop editing a cell and move to another cell, use the: a) arrow key b) tab key c) Enter key d) escape key
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c) Enter key
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Common, summary applications in a spreadsheet are handled by: a) formulas b) functions c) tables d) formatting
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b) functions
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Spreadsheets have: a) over 50 build-in functions b) 76 built-in functions c) nearly 100 built-in functions d) over 100 built-in functions
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d) over 100 built-in functions
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To get a cell to display $10.00 you must: a) enter 10.00 and format the cell to currency b) enter $10.00 in the cell c) enter $1&0 in the cell d) it cannot be done
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a) enter 10.00 and format the cell to currency
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To select a range of cells: a) double-click the first and last cells b) drag the cursor across the cells c) click Select on the Edit menu d) click the Add icon
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b) drag the cursor across the cells
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To clear cells using Excel, select: a) Edit>Clear>Cells b) Edit> Delete Cells c) Edit> Clear> All d) Edit> Delete Contents...
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c) Edit>Clear>All
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A formula reference begins with: a) f() b) a cell reference c) any number d) the equal sign (=)
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d) the equal sign (=)
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Spreadsheet columns are labeled with __________.
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letters
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The rows of a spreadsheet are designated with __________.
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numbers
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The __________ determines whether a spreadsheet cell contains a formula or data.
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equal sign
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Spreadsheet formulas are edited in the __________.
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edit window
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An absolute cell reference makes use of the __________ symbol in its formula.
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$
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The process of copying from one cell to many others by simply dragging is called __________.
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filling
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Control over the style of the display of a cell is called ___________.
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formatting
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Cell references that do not change when copied from one cell to another are called __________ references.
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absolute
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The Min function is used to display the __________ item in a list.
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smallest
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A file with a .txt extension probably contains __________.
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text
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To change the way contents of a cell appears, you change its __________.
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format
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To help us create a list, spreadsheets give us an array of __________ that we fill in to set up our list.
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cells
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Flexibility is an important characteristic of a spreadsheet. t/f
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false
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Summary information should be placed at the top of a spreadsheet. t/f
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false
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When working with a spreadsheet, use different fonts for headings and data. t/f
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true
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Use the Edit menu to insert comments in Excel. t/f
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false
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In a spreadsheet, conditional formatting allows to you specify a format for cells that meet certain criteria. t/f
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true
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Excel provides automatic currency conversion with no need to write special formulas. t/f
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false
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In a spreadsheet, names can only be applied to cell references, not individual cells.
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false
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Direct changes to a spreadsheet's values are the best way to perform what if analysis.
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true
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To run the actual filtering operation in a spreadsheet, select a cell in the column to be filtered.
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true
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The first rule of setting up effective spreadsheets is: a) make if visually interesting b) focus on form c) avoid explanations that clutter the spreadsheet d) explain everything
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b) focus on form
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Place descriptive information: a) on the top and left b) on the top and right c) on the bottom and left d) on the bottom and right
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a) on the top and left
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In the Conditional Formatting dialog box, the default condition is: a) equal to b) less than c) greater than d) between
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d) between
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What symbol is used to denote absolute cell references? a) equal sign (=) b) dollar sign ($) c) percent sign (%) d) tilde (~)
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b) dollar sign ($)
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The IF function specifies: a) action on true outcome b) condition c) action of false outcome d) all of the above
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d) all of the above
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To access letters of a cell value for such comparisons, use the function: a) LETTER() b) INDEX() c) IF() d) LEFT()
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d) LEFT()
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A word or a phrase applied to a cell or range of cells is called its: a) value b) name c) literal d) range id
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b) name
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The Scenario Manager window is accessed via the: a) Tools menu b) File menu c) Edit menu d) Formulas menu
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a) Tools menu
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What method is used to access subsets of information? a) logging b) conditional formatting c) sorting d) filtering
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d) filtering
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Inconsistency is the main reason to avoid redundancy of information in a database. t/f
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true
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Relationships connect rows of one table with rows of another table. t/f
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true
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Relationships are part of the metadata of a database. t/f
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true
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Relationships are specified by the user of the database. t/f
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false
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For two tables to be related, they must share a common field. t/f
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true
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The shared field between two tables cannot be unique. t/f
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false
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Access to sensitive information in a database should be limited. t/f
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true
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Logical database duplicates information that exists in the tables of a physical database. t/f
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true
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Queries are used to create views. t/f
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true
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A logical table can be created with information from no more than two physical tables. t/f
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false
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To successfully use a database, a user should know SQL.
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false
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An instance of a database table is a table with a specific set of rows. t/f
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true
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A root element is the tag that encloses all of the content of the XML file. t/f
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true
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The key field for the student database on a campus is probably the student: a) address b) ID c) phone d) last name
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b) ID
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A unique identifier stored in place of information that might be repeated is known as a: a) key field b) foreign key c) data key d) lookup key
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b) foreign key
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A logical database: a) is created from existing information b) is created fresh each time it is needed c) usually uses information from multiple tables d) all of the above
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d) all of the above
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Associating information from two or more tables is done with a: a) Join operation b) Bind operation c) Combine operation d) Unite operation
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a) Join operation
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Logical tables are created with a: a) view b) query c) relationship d) key
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b) query
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Queries are a part of the: a) logical database b) database schema c) metadata d) all of the above
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d) all of the above
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In SQL, the INNER JOIN is used to combine: a) two or more logical tables to form a physical table b) two or more physical tables to form a logical tables c) tables in the same way the Product operation is used d) all of the above
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d) all of the above
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The SQL WHERE clause is similar to the: a) Join operation b) Select operation c) Union operation d) Add operation
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...
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Relationships in a database schema show how: a) tables are related to one another b) queries are related to one another c) information in a table is related to information in another table d) fields are related to one another in a table
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a) tables are related to one another
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An ER diagram shows relationships between: a) tables in a database b) entities in a database c) fields in a database d) queries in a database
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b) entities in a database
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A set of attributes for which all entities are different is known as a: a) primary key b) secondary key c) candidate key d) provisional key
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c) candidate key
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XML should be edited using a: a) word processor b) text editor c) Web browser d) spreadsheet program
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b) text editor
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XML tags may not contain: a) spaces b) uppercase letters c) lowercase letters d) numbers
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a) spaces
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When Turing developed his test, researchers believed that "natural language" was beyond the abilities of computers. t/f
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true
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Any computer using only very simple instructions can simulate any other computer. t/f
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true
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When a computer plays chess, the information is represented in: a) natural language b) bits c) black and white d) integers
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b) bits
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__________ computer problems are problems that have no practical solution because the data set involved is so large to defy a practical solution.
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Intractable
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__________ use a "brute force" approach to solving a problem by trying every possibility and then picking the best solution.
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...
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The __________ is a famous computation that computers cannot solve.
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Halting Problem
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Computers don't understand __________, that is, the language humans use.
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natural language
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A(n) __________ is a procedure that assigns a numerical value to each chess piece when calculating the best possible move.
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evaluation function
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In chess or other games, looking ahead to future moves is describes as __________.
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game tree
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Getting two or more computers to work on a problem at the same time is called __________.
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parallel computation
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Increasing the number of CDs that need to be alphabetized would increase the size of the computation according to the __________ algorithm.
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work-proprotional to n2
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The Face Forward algorithm is an example of the __________ algorithm.
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work-proportional to n
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The fastest computers can calculate at rates of __________ instructions per second.
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200 million
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A(n) __________ test attempts to define thinking.
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Turing
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