PrepU- Ch. 17 Integrative Therapies – Flashcards
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A client with a history of anxiety has praised the effectiveness of valerian in relieving her anxiety. When taking this remedy, the nurse should advise the client to avoid what? a) Over-the-counter analgesics and NSAIDs b) Foods that contain purines c) Alcohol and other depressants d) Antiplatelet drugs and anticoagulants
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Alcohol and other depressants Explanation: Combining valerian with alcohol or other depressants creates a risk of excessive CNS depression. Valerian is not contraindicated with antiplatelets, anticoagulants, foods high in purines, NSAIDs, or analgesics.
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The use of alternative therapies in America has? a) Not been very popular because of mainstream medicine b) Always been a very prominent modality in the health care system c) Risen steadily in the last 30 years d) Declined in recent years due to lack of insurance coverage
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Risen steadily in the last 30 years Explanation: The use of CAM has increased substantially in the last 30 years. It has increased in popularity, even though it has not traditionally been a very accepted modality in the American health care system.
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A client with depression asks a nurse about possible herbal supplements. Which of the following would the nurse identify as being commonly used? a) Valerian b) Melatonin c) St. John's wort d) Kava
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St. John's wort Explanation: St. John's wort is an herbal supplement commonly used for depression. Valerian is a common ingredient in products promoted for insomnia and nervousness. Kava is used to reduce anxiety. Melatonin is used to treat insomnia and prevent jet lag.
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The primary difference between complementary and alternative medicine is that only a) Complementary medicine combines nonconventional practice with conventional health and medical care b) Alternative medicine includes the used of herbal therapies c) Alternative medicine is reimbursed by government-funded health insurance programs d) Complementary medicine is taught in conventional medical schools
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Complementary medicine combines nonconventional practice with conventional health and medical care Explanation: The primary difference between complementary and alternative medicine is that only complementary medicine combines nonconventional practice with conventional health and medical care.
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Which of the following integrative therapies rely on natural substances such as herbs, diet, and nutritional supplements? a) Biologically based practices b) Energy medicine c) Mind-body medicine d) Manipulative and body-based practices
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Biologically based practices Explanation: Biologically based practices are methods that rely on natural substances such as herbs, diet and nutritional supplements, light modalities, and aromatherapy to restore health. Mind-body medicine uses mindful stress-reduction techniques to restore bodily functions. Manipulative and body-based practices focus on the manipulation or movement of one or more body parts. Energy medicine focuses on energy fields that originate inside (biofields) or outside (electromagnetic fields) the body.
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The most impactful difference between traditional and holistic nursing is that a) Holistic nursing relies exclusively on alternative medical practice b) Holistic nursing includes the client's active participation in every aspect of the nursing process c) Traditional nursing incorporates care supported by the latest nursing research d) Traditional nursing practices focus on patient outcomes
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Holistic nursing includes the client's active participation in every aspect of the nursing process Explanation: The most impactful difference between traditional and holistic nursing is that holistic nursing includes the client's active participation in every aspect of the nursing process.
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A nurse is conducting a health history and asks the patient about use of complementary and alternative therapies (CAT) to treat her chronic headaches. What response would require further questions? a) "I practice meditation." b) "I use relaxation to help me go to sleep." c) "I take herbs to treat my headaches." d) "Each week, I have a total body massage."
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"I take herbs to treat my headaches." Explanation: Alternative therapies, such as herbs, are used most frequently for chronic conditions such as depression or headaches. However, certain herbs may interact with each other or with prescribed medications, causing negative effects. For this reason, the nurse must ask further questions about the type of herb as well as the frequency of use.
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When holistically assessing a client of a culturally diverse background, the psychiatric nurse best identifies the client's use of alternative and complementary treatments best by asking a) "Are you currently using any home remedies to treat your arthritis?" b) "What are you and your doctor doing to manage your arthritis? c) "Is your arthritis being managed will by your doctor?" d) "Does your culture believe in home remedies for conditions like arthritis?"
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"Are you currently using any home remedies to treat your arthritis?" Explanation: Knowledge of geographic, social, cultural, and health care practices of clients has become increasingly important because these factors create unique challenges for nurses who must balance today's care standards with traditional cultural or religious beliefs. During the assessment process, clients may not consider home remedies to be classified as CAM. Thus, it is the responsibility of nurses to ask specific questions to identify the use of CAM.
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A nurse is practicing imagery to relieve stress. What might accompany the imagery to even further promote relaxation? a) listening to music b) bright lighting c) talking on the phone d) bodywork techniques
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listening to music Explanation: Music has demonstrated effectiveness in reducing pain, decreasing anxiety, promoting relaxation, and distracting from unpleasant sensations. The other choices are not appropriate for promoting relaxation.
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Complementary medicine is best defined as a) unconventional medical practices that are used in combination with typical medical care. b) techniques used by nurses and case managers but very rarely by physicians. c) medicine that helps the client to enhance self-esteem. d) medicines that are integrated routinely into medical school training and yet are not used widely.
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unconventional medical practices that are used in combination with typical medical care. Explanation: Complementary therapies are used to supplement and enhance the effects of traditional Western medicine.
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A client in the early stages of dementia is inquiring about herbal remedies to treat the disease. The nurse would expect the physician to suggest use of which of the following? a) Passion flower b) Ginkgo c) Melatonin d) Valerian
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Ginkgo Explanation: Ginkgo is used to increase memory in clients with dementia. Valerian is used as a sedative and hypnotic. Passion flower is used as a sedative, hypnotic, or antispasmodic. Melatonin is a hormone used to treat insomnia and jet lag.
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A nurse practices holistic patient care. Which of the following is a guiding principle of this practice? a) The body is a unified, dynamic whole. b) Holism is focused on reductionism. c) The body is the sum of its parts. d) All living organisms exist independently.
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The body is a unified, dynamic whole. Explanation: Holism is a theory and philosophy that focuses on connections and interactions between parts of the whole. In contrast, the prevailing scientific approach has focused on reductionism, the goal of which is to reduce all phenomena to the smallest possible atom, particle, or interaction and make the body the sum of its parts
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On the bedside table of a client with a history of chronic back pain, the nurse has noticed the presence of a small remote control device that is attached by wires to two pads. The nurse recognizes that the device is a transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) machine. The treatment is an example of what category of complementary and alternative medicine? a) A whole medical system b) Mind-body medicine c) Energy medicine d) A biologically based practice
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Energy medicine Explanation: Bioelectromagnetic-based techniques such as transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation are forms of energy therapy that use pulsed fields, alternating-current or direct-current fields, or electromagnetic fields to treat conditions such as cancer, asthma, migraine headaches, or other pain.
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Most complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies have their origin in which of the following countries? a) Japan b) France c) China d) Russia
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China Explanation: Most CAM therapies have origins in Chinese medicine, sometimes called Eastern medicine.
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A client is receiving warfarin (Coumadin) for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. The client is asking the nurse about herbal remedies to treat anxiety. The nurse would caution against the use of which of the following remedies? a) Kava-kava b) St. John's wort c) Melatonin d) Passion flower
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St. John's wort Explanation: St. John's wort has a potential drug interaction with warfarin.
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Traditional Chinese medicine is based on the principle of: a) internal balance and harmony. b) aromatherapy to restore health. c) energy fields that regulate human states of being. d) the body knowing how to maintain health and to heal itself.
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internal balance and harmony. Explanation: Chinese medicine is based on the principle that one has health when the interdependent forces of yin and yang are balanced. According to Chinese medicine, the body is made up of five basic elements: wind, water, earth, fire, and metal, which must exist in balance. Energy medicine focuses on energy fields that regulate human states of being. Biologically based practices utilize aromatherapy. Mind-body medicine uses stress-reduction techniques to restore bodily functions.
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A psychiatric-mental health client has a long history of insomnia that is characterized by an inability to fall asleep at bedtime. Which of the following complementary and alternative therapies has the greatest potential to promote sleep? a) Aromatherapy b) Acupressure c) Therapeutic touch d) Chiropractic
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Aromatherapy Explanation: Some clients find that aromatherapy, using essential oils, relaxes them and induces sleep. Acupressure, therapeutic touch, and chiropractic all have clinical applications, but none is commonly used to directly promote sleep and relieve insomnia.
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A mental health nurse has recently discovered that her client is taking an ephedra-based weight-loss product that is marketed as a "totally herbal remedy for weight loss." Which of the following is the most important nursing action? a) The nurse should talk with the client about the potential for adverse events that can result from the use of ephedra. b) The nurse should instruct the client in the appropriate usage and dosing of the herbal remedy. c) The nurse should be certain that the client does not take the herbal remedy on the same dosing schedule as the client's other medications. d) The nurse should ask the client whether or not he or she has tried other weight-reduction strategies.
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The nurse should talk with the client about the potential for adverse events that can result from the use of ephedra. Explanation: The nurse should discuss herbal remedies with the client in terms of potential adverse side effects and interactions. Particularly in the case of ephedra-based remedies, herbal preparations can have severe toxic and potentially life-threatening consequences for some clients. Although the other options are important, the correct answer would be a primary concern in this case.
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A home care nurse delivers care that incorporates a philosophy that focuses on connections and interactions between parts of the whole. Which term best describes this philosophy? a) Complementary therapy b) Integrative care c) Holism d) Homeopathy
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Holism Explanation: Holism is a theory and philosophy that focuses on connections and interactions between parts of the whole. Complementary therapy can be used to complement traditional medical interventions. Integrative care often incorporates sharing the responsibility in coordinating the best possible treatment plan for a client, including the clients' choices for care and the providers' expertise. Homeopathy is based on the belief of supporting the body while the symptoms are allowed to "run their course."
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Which of the following are alternative and complementary therapies used to control pain? (Select all that apply.) a) Opioids b) NSAIDS c) Guided imagery d) Acupuncture e) Hypnosis
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• Guided imagery • Hypnosis • Acupuncture Explanation: Examples of alternative and complementary therapies used to control pain include hypnosis, guided imagery, and acupuncture. Opioids and NSAIDS are not alternative or complementary therapies.
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A client with a history of anxiety has praised the effectiveness of valerian in relieving her anxiety. When taking this remedy, the nurse should advise the client to avoid what? a) Over-the-counter analgesics and NSAIDs b) Foods that contain purines c) Antiplatelet drugs and anticoagulants d) Alcohol and other depressants
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Alcohol and other depressants Explanation: Combining valerian with alcohol or other depressants creates a risk of excessive CNS depression. Valerian is not contraindicated with antiplatelets, anticoagulants, foods high in purines, NSAIDs, or analgesics.
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The nurse is taking the health history of an elderly client with short-term memory loss. The nurse documents that the client is taking ginkgo biloba and aspirin. What potential adverse reactions should the nurse discuss with this client? a) Bleeding b) Mania c) Anaphylaxis d) Central nervous system (CNS) depression
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Bleeding Explanation: Ginkgo can potentially interact with aspirin and warfarin by increasing bleeding risk. Valerian taken with alcohol or benzodiazepines potentiates CNS depression. St. John's wort, SAM-e, and ginseng may precipitate mania during the treatment of depression. Anaphylaxis is rare in clients taking ginkgo and aspirin concurrently.
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A 73-year-old client is receiving radiation therapy as treatment for breast cancer. The nurse understands that this type of treatment is categorized as which of the following? a) Energy medicine b) Homeopathy c) Mind-body medicine d) Manipulative practice
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Energy medicine Explanation: Bioelectromagnetic-based techniques such as radiation therapy and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation are forms of energy therapy. Energy therapy uses pulsed, alternating-current, direct-current, or electromagnetic fields to treat conditions such as cancer, asthma, migraine headaches, or other pain.
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Which of the following considerations should a nurse prioritize surrounding the use of herbs and supplements by a patient? a) Pharmacological alternatives to herbs and supplements b) The patient's previous use of herbal supplements c) The patient's cultural background and beliefs d) Potential interactions with drugs
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Potential interactions with drugs Explanation: Safety is paramount when herbs and supplements are being considered. One of the most salient safety considerations surrounds the potential for drug interactions. This consideration supersedes a patient's culture and previous use of herbs. It is beyond most nurses' scope of practice to recommend pharmacological alternatives to an herb or supplement.
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The nurse practicing holistic care focuses on a) Patterns and causes of the client's illness not the symptoms of illness b) Appropriate interventions and frequent evaluation of client condition c) Client involvement and the implementation of the nursing process d) Client outcomes and illness-related treatment modalities
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Patterns and causes of the client's illness not the symptoms of illness Explanation: Holistic nursing involves caring for the whole person, and it focuses on searching for patterns and causes of illness, not symptoms
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A patient wishes to integrate complementary and alternative therapies into her treatment regimen for anxiety. Which of the following modalities requires the most careful consideration by her healthcare team due to the potential for harm? a) Herbal remedies b) Therapeutic touch (TT) c) Yoga d) Healing touch
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Herbal remedies Explanation: Despite the fact that they are "natural," many herbal remedies carry significant health risks. TT, healing touch, and yoga are much less likely to carry a potential for harm.
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The nurse is aware that which of the following homeopathic remedies is considered the most potent anxiolytic available without a prescription? a) Arniflora arnica gel b) Kava-kava c) Valerian d) Passion flower
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Kava-kava Explanation: Kava-kava, a green, leafy member of the pepper family, is considered the most potent anxiolytic available without a prescription. Passion flower and valerian are also used to treat clinical symptoms of anxiety and stress, but neither is as potent as kava-kava. Arniflora arnica gel is used in the treatment of pain.
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Which of the nurse's following statements most clearly expresses the philosophy of holism? a) "Every system in your body is in constant interaction with the others, as well as with the environment that surrounds you." b) "There is no point in treating your body; we need to focus on your mind." c) "There is an invisible but very tangible life-force that permeates every part of your being." d) "The western-based, biomedical model of medicine has a number of shortcomings that aren't usually acknowledged."
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"Every system in your body is in constant interaction with the others, as well as with the environment that surrounds you." Explanation: Holism is a theory and philosophy that focuses on connections and interactions between parts of the whole as well as the body's interaction with the environment. Holism does not emphasize the presence of a life-force, nor is it necessarily a counterpoint to the biomedical model. While a focus on the mind is congruent with holism, this does not preclude treatment of bodily symptoms
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A client is using Tai Chi to help with back pain. The nurse recognizes that Tai Chi is classified as which of the following? a) Aromatherapy b) Energy medicine c) Manipulative practice d) Homeopathy
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Manipulative practice Explanation: Manipulative and body-based practices are applied to improve health and restore function. They rely on the structures and systems of the body, making adjustments to them to heal symptoms and medical problems. Examples include Tai Chi, massage therapy, reflexology, and yoga. Aromatherapy is the controlled, therapeutic use of essential oils for specific measurable outcomes (eg, relief of pain, anxiety, and insomnia). Homeopathy is based on the premise that a substance creating certain symptoms in a healthy person would cure an ill person with the same set of symptoms. Energy medicine includes techniques that focus on energy fields originating in the body (biofields) or from other sources, such as electromagnetic fields.
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On the advice of friends, a patient on a has requested acupuncture. What it is the goal of this modality? a) Altering the patient's perception and acceptance of reality b) Allowing accumulated toxins to be released from the body c) Restoring a healthy flow of energy along the meridians of the body d) Reconnecting the patient's body, spirit, and emotions
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Restoring a healthy flow of energy along the meridians of the body Explanation: Acupuncture either increases or decreases the flow of qi along the meridians of the body. It does not directly address the relationships between body, spirit, and emotions nor does it aim to release toxins or change an individual's perception of reality.
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A patient is taking ginkgo biloba, a botanical supplement. She asks the nurse if it would be safe to take aspirin for her arthritis at the same time. The nurse's response is based on what knowledge? a) Aspirin will not have any effect if taken at the same time as ginkgo biloba. b) Ginkgo biloba has an anticoagulant effect and aspirin decreases clotting. c) Ginkgo biloba does not have any effect on the blood, so it is safe. d) Ginkgo biloba affects platelet function and should not be taken with aspirin.
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Ginkgo biloba affects platelet function and should not be taken with aspirin. Explanation: Ginkgo biloba affects platelet function and thus should not be used concurrently with aspirin or warfarin.
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A client is taking valerian, a remedy for anxiety. The nurse understands that this homeopathic remedy is also used as which of the following? a) Weight loss b) Hypnotic c) Memory loss d) Depression
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Hypnotic Explanation: Valerian acts as an anxiolytic as well as a hypnotic. Ma huang is used for weight loss. Ginkgo may be used to treat cognitive decline, such as memory loss. St. John's wort is an herb used to treat depression and anxiety.
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The psychiatric nurse, performing an admission assessment on an older client who is experiencing symptoms reflective of the early stage of dementia, asks specifically if the client is taking Ginkgo biloba when it is determined that the client a) Is being treated for rheumatoid arthritis b) Has a history of deep vein clots and is being treated with warfarin c) Has been prescribed a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) 2 month ago d) Is accustomed to drinking two to three beers a day
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Has a history of deep vein clots and is being treated with warfarin Explanation: Ginkgo biloba has been associated with adverse reactions when taken in combination with warfarin.
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Traditional Chinese medicine is a complete healing system and includes acupuncture, massage, herbal treatments, nutrition, moxibustion, movement, and meditation. Which of the following is at the core of traditional Chinese medicine? a) Qi b) Body c) Mind d) Environment
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Qi Explanation: Qi is the core concept in traditional Chinese medicine. It is a vital energy source or life force and consists of all forces of nature- spirit, energy, and life itself. Mind, body, and environment are inappropriate concepts in traditional Chinese medicine.
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A nurse who provides care in a psychiatric-mental health context is aware of the importance of a holistic view of clients and care. What is the basis of holistic nursing care? a) A recognition that curing should be prioritized over healing in the care of clients b) An awareness that interconnectedness exists among the various dimensions of a client's life c) An awareness that clients are the ultimate experts in their diagnoses and care d) A knowledge that "Western" medicine has certain fundamental flaws that prevent it from meeting many clients' needs
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An awareness that interconnectedness exists among the various dimensions of a client's life Explanation: Holistic nursing involves caring for the whole person and is based on the philosophy that there is an interconnectedness among biologic, psychological, social, cultural, relationship, contextual, environmental, and spiritual dimensions of the person. Holistic nursing is not premised on the inadequacies of "Western" medicine. Respect for clients' insights and opinions is an important component of holistic care, but this is not the foundation of the philosophy. In some ways, healing is prioritized over curing within holistic practice.
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A nurse practitioner uses integrative care in his practice. What does this mean? a) He uses allopathic medicine to treat all patients. b) The nurse provides care for patients of all age groups. c) The nurse uses complementary therapy, a physician-prescribed medication. d) He uses both allopathic medicine and alternative medicine.
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He uses both allopathic medicine and alternative medicine. Explanation: A healthcare provider who uses integrative care uses some combination of allopathic and complementary or alternative medicines. Integrative care does not mean using allopathic medicine to treat patients of all age groups; complementary therapy is not a physician-prescribed medication.
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The most impactful difference between traditional and holistic nursing is that a) Holistic nursing includes the client's active participation in every aspect of the nursing process b) Traditional nursing practices focus on patient outcomes c) Traditional nursing incorporates care supported by the latest nursing research d) Holistic nursing relies exclusively on alternative medical practice
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Holistic nursing includes the client's active participation in every aspect of the nursing process Explanation: The most impactful difference between traditional and holistic nursing is that holistic nursing includes the client's active participation in every aspect of the nursing process.
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A client is taking ginkgo for short-term memory loss. The mental health nurse should caution the client regarding which effect of ginkgo? a) Tinnitus b) Bleeding risk c) Swelling in the extremities d) Vertigo
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Bleeding risk Explanation: Ginkgo's primary biologic activity appears to be the inhibition of platelet-activating factor, which may cause increased bleeding tendencies. Ginkgo has been shown to alleviate tinnitus and vertigo. Swelling in the extremities is not a potential side effect of ginkgo.
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All except which of the methodologies below have been identified as one of the major domains of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)? a) Alternative medical systems b) Mind-body interventions c) Energy therapies d) Psychoanalysis
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Psychoanalysis Explanation: Psychoanalysis is not considered alternative medicine but rather a traditional medical modality.
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Integrative health care more accurately reflects the cross-disciplinary reality and progressive acceptance of a broader aspect of care. Which of the following characterizes integral medicine? a) Incorporates all dimensions of healing b) Incorporates traditional Chinese medicine c) Incorporates Western medicine d) Incorporates all types of meditations
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Incorporates all dimensions of healing Explanation: Integrative medicine proposes to incorporate all dimensions of healing. This expanded view includes not only the physical, mental, and spiritual aspects of care but also the social, political, ecological, metaphysical, and cosmological dimensions. Traditional Chinese medicine, Western medicine, and meditation are single entities.
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A client expresses to the nurse that he meditates regularly to combat stress. Which of the following describes meditation? a) Stimulation of meridians b) Deep personal thought and reflection c) Balance between Yin and Yang d) Consciously directed energy exchange
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Deep personal thought and reflection Explanation: Meditation involves deep personal thoughts and reflection. The stimulation of meridians is done in acupuncture. Balance between Yin and Yang is the basis of traditional Chinese medicine. Therapeutic touch involves consciously directed energy exchange.
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Yoga is best characterized by which of the following? a) Slow exercise and blunt low force b) Choreographed, slow movements performed with coordinated breathing c) Using principles of spiritual, mental, and physical energies to promote health d) Manipulation of soft tissue in the body
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Using principles of spiritual, mental, and physical energies to promote health Explanation: Yoga involves balancing the mind, body, and soul through proper breathing, movement, meditation, and postures to promote relaxation and enhance the flow of vital energy.
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A client with depression asks a nurse about possible herbal supplements. Which of the following would the nurse identify as being commonly used? a) Valerian b) St. John's wort c) Melatonin d) Kava
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St. John's wort Explanation: St. John's wort is an herbal supplement commonly used for depression. Valerian is a common ingredient in products promoted for insomnia and nervousness. Kava is used to reduce anxiety. Melatonin is used to treat insomnia and prevent jet lag.
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Ethical issues around the use of CAM include all except which of the following? a) Practitioners need to know about vitamins, herbs, or energy treatments and often are unaware that their clients use such treatments. b) Very few botanicals sold in the United States have been tested in controlled clinical trials. c) The FDA has no authority over herbal products. d) Use of CAM by providers who are licensed as alternative but not complementary therapists.
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Use of CAM by providers who are licensed as alternative but not complementary therapists. Explanation: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has no authority over herbals. Of the 600 botanicals sold in the United States, less than a dozen have been tested in controlled clinical trials that determine their safety and effectiveness. The practitioner needs to know all vitamins, herbs, or energy treatments that a client is receiving, along with standard medical treatment and medications. This is critical to prevent a lethal combination or to alter the effectiveness of a particular drug or treatment.
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Complementary medicine is best defined as a) medicines that are integrated routinely into medical school training and yet are not used widely. b) unconventional medical practices that are used in combination with typical medical care. c) medicine that helps the client to enhance self-esteem. d) techniques used by nurses and case managers but very rarely by physicians.
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unconventional medical practices that are used in combination with typical medical care. Explanation: Complementary therapies are used to supplement and enhance the effects of traditional Western medicine.
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The psychiatric nurse suggests a technique associated with mind-body medicine when encouraging a chronically depressed client to engage in daily a) Tai Chi b) Meditation c) Therapeutic touch d) Yoga
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Meditation Explanation: The psychiatric nurse suggests a technique associated with mind-body medicine when encouraging a chronically depressed client to engage in daily meditation. Therapeutic touch, tai chi, and yoga can all be effective, but these are not typically considered examples of mind-body medicine.
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St. John's wort is an herbal product for ... a) depression b) schizophrenia c) cognitive disorders d) anxiety disorder
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depression Explanation: The top-selling herbal product for depression in the United States is St. John's wort. It is not a proven treatment for depression, but it is thought to increase serotonin levels.
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A client in the early stages of dementia is inquiring about herbal remedies to treat the disease. The nurse would expect the physician to suggest use of which of the following? a) Ginkgo b) Passion flower c) Melatonin d) Valerian
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Ginkgo Explanation: Ginkgo is used to increase memory in clients with dementia. Valerian is used as a sedative and hypnotic. Passion flower is used as a sedative, hypnotic, or antispasmodic. Melatonin is a hormone used to treat insomnia and jet lag.
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The concepts of invisible energy flow that circulates through plants, animals, and people, as well as the earth and sky, and the balance of this energy are central to which medical system? a) Naturopathy b) Traditional Chinese medicine c) Shamanism d) Ayurveda
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Traditional Chinese medicine Explanation: Traditional Chinese medicine focuses on qi or chi (energy). Qi represents an invisible flow of energy that circulates through plants, animals, and people, as well as the earth and sky, and includes the balance of this energy to maintain health. Ayurveda is a science that delineates diet, medicines, and behaviors that are beneficial or harmful for life. Shamanism teaches that illness and other forms of distress originate in the spirit world. Naturopathy teaches that illness can be attributed to ignoring the "laws of nature."
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What philosophy underlies the use of complementary and alternative therapies (CAT)? a) Traditional medicine is most effective for chronic illnesses. b) The mind, body, and spirit function as a unified whole. c) Parts of an organism rarely interact or change. d) The mind and the body are separate and distinct.
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The mind, body, and spirit function as a unified whole. Explanation: A holistic philosophy underlies much of CAT. People have a mind, body, and spirit that are connected and function as a unified whole. A change in any part of the organism will be reflected in other parts.
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Complementary medicine is often also termed a) atypical. b) integrative. c) alternative. d) unconventional.
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integrative. Explanation: Complementary medicine integrates traditional, nontraditional, and personal beliefs into a person's care.
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The nurse is aware that which of the following homeopathic remedies is considered the most potent anxiolytic available without a prescription? a) Arniflora arnica gel b) Valerian c) Kava-kava d) Passion flower
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Kava-kava Explanation: Kava-kava, a green, leafy member of the pepper family, is considered the most potent anxiolytic available without a prescription. Passion flower and valerian are also used to treat clinical symptoms of anxiety and stress, but neither is as potent as kava-kava. Arniflora arnica gel is used in the treatment of pain.
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A patient has sought care from a homeopathic practitioner seeking treatment for her dry, itchy, and inflamed skin. Which of the following statements is characteristic of homeopathy? a) "I'm going to provide you with an herbal balm that is based on the aloe vera plant." b) "This is not simply a skin problem, but rather a spiritual problem that is manifesting itself in your skin." c) "This skin problem is actually indicative of blocked energy in your body; I'm going to teach you how to relax deeply." d) "I'm going to recommend a diluted solution that is derived from poison ivy."
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"I'm going to recommend a diluted solution that is derived from poison ivy." Explanation: Homeopathic practice is based on two fundamental laws. The Law of Similars states that a natural substance that produces a given symptom (such as pruritus) in a healthy person will cure it in a sick person. The Law of Infinitesimals states that the smallest dose possible (such as highly diluted preparation) will have the desired effect. Homeopathy does not prioritize the spiritual dimension of illness, herbal remedies, or the flow of energy.
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When a client inquires about the use of essential oils and how they help induce sleep, the nurse explains that a) "Aromatherapy and its use of essential oils appear to minimize pain reception, thus inducing sleep." b) "Aromatherapy seems to facilitate sleep by using the effects of certain oils to desensitize the brain." c) "The organic components in specific oils seem to trigger the production of sleep inducing melatonin." d) "The oils found in certain compounds appear to increase blood flow to the brain promoting relaxed sleep."
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"The organic components in specific oils seem to trigger the production of sleep inducing melatonin." Explanation: Essential oils are volatile, organic constituents of aromatic plant matter that trigger different nerve centers in the brain to produce specific neurochemicals. English lavender, orange blossom, and marjoram stimulate the release of serotonin and the production of melatonin to serve as a hypnotic to induce sleep.
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When practicing holistic nursing, the psychiatric nurse may suggestion alternative and complementary therapies when caring for a client experiencing (Select all that apply.) a) Cognitive decline b) Chronic pain c) Depression d) Insomnia e) Auditory hallucinations
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• Insomnia • Chronic pain • Cognitive decline • Depression Explanation: Common symptoms in the psychiatric setting that have responded to alternative and complementary therapies include insomnia, chronic pain, cognitive decline, and depression.
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While reviewing medication history, the nurse notices that a client is taking valerian. The nurse should caution the client that this particular herbal remedy carries the potential of which of the following adverse effects? a) Central nervous system (CNS) depression b) Headache c) Muscle cramps d) Bleeding
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Central nervous system (CNS) depression Explanation: Valerian can cause CNS depression. Drugs that can interact with valerian include barbiturates, alcohol, CNS depressants, and benzodiazepines.
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When holistically assessing a client of a culturally diverse background, the psychiatric nurse best identifies the client's use of alternative and complementary treatments best by asking a) "Are you currently using any home remedies to treat your arthritis?" b) "What are you and your doctor doing to manage your arthritis? c) "Is your arthritis being managed will by your doctor?" d) "Does your culture believe in home remedies for conditions like arthritis?"
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"Are you currently using any home remedies to treat your arthritis?" Explanation: Knowledge of geographic, social, cultural, and health care practices of clients has become increasingly important because these factors create unique challenges for nurses who must balance today's care standards with traditional cultural or religious beliefs. During the assessment process, clients may not consider home remedies to be classified as CAM. Thus, it is the responsibility of nurses to ask specific questions to identify the use of CAM.
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When a nursing assessment reveals that a client has been self-medicating for depression since losing her job three months ago, the nurse responds holistically to this information by a) Assessing the client for physical conditions that may be contributing to the depression b) Questioning the client further to determine the details of the depression she has been experiencing c) Educating the client to the importance of seeing a mental health care provider to address the depression d) Suggesting CAM therapies that have been shown to be effective for the treatment of situational depression
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Educating the client to the importance of seeing a mental health care provider to address the depression Explanation: When a nursing assessment reveals that a client has been self-medicating for depression since losing her job three months ago, the nurse responds holistically to this information by educating the client to the importance of seeing a mental health care provider to address the depression.
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A client with a diagnosis of depression has been taking citalopram (Celexa) for several weeks but is frustrated by the persistence of his depression. The client has told the nurse that he has just begun supplementing his antidepressant with St. John's wort. How should the nurse respond? a) "While you're taking the two medications, make sure that you're careful to avoid injury because there's a small risk of bleeding." b) "Make sure that you don't take your St. John's wort and your Celexa at the same time of the day." c) "You'll probably find that you'll experience an improvement in your mood within a few days." d) "It's best that you stop taking the St. John's wort until you talk to you doctor."
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"It's best that you stop taking the St. John's wort until you talk to you doctor." Explanation: St. John's wort is contraindicated with concurrent antidepressant use.
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Which of the following is a common complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) modality used in the treatment of depression? a) Light therapy b) Traditional Chinese medicine c) Aromatherapy d) Music therapy
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Light therapy Explanation: Clients with depression have been shown to benefit from light therapy (SAD), meditation, and herbal products.
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Ethical issues around the use of CAM include all except which of the following? a) Use of CAM by providers who are licensed as alternative but not complementary therapists. b) Practitioners need to know about vitamins, herbs, or energy treatments and often are unaware that their clients use such treatments. c) Very few botanicals sold in the United States have been tested in controlled clinical trials. d) The FDA has no authority over herbal products.
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Use of CAM by providers who are licensed as alternative but not complementary therapists. Explanation: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has no authority over herbals. Of the 600 botanicals sold in the United States, less than a dozen have been tested in controlled clinical trials that determine their safety and effectiveness. The practitioner needs to know all vitamins, herbs, or energy treatments that a client is receiving, along with standard medical treatment and medications. This is critical to prevent a lethal combination or to alter the effectiveness of a particular drug or treatment.
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Nursing is expanding its knowledge base to include information that explains selected complementary and alternative therapies (CAT). Which of the following describes an aspect of these therapies? a) government regulated b) consumer driven c) nurse driven d) last-resort therapy
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consumer driven Explanation: The development of CAT continues to be a market-driven and, in some respects, a patient-driven phenomenon. Many patients/consumers are unsatisfied with allopathic treatments and are turning to CAT for relief of symptoms and healing. Government and professional groups do not regulate most of the therapies. Because of this lack of regulation, there can be inconsistencies among the preparation and care provided by practitioners. CAT is a complementary and/or alternative therapy, not a last resort therapy.
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The nurse practicing holistic care focuses on a) Patterns and causes of the client's illness not the symptoms of illness b) Client outcomes and illness-related treatment modalities c) Client involvement and the implementation of the nursing process d) Appropriate interventions and frequent evaluation of client condition
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Patterns and causes of the client's illness not the symptoms of illness Explanation: Holistic nursing involves caring for the whole person, and it focuses on searching for patterns and causes of illness, not symptoms.
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The daughter of a hospital patient has informed the care team of her desire to have a homeopathic practitioner come to the bedside and administer treatment. The nurse should anticipate that the practitioner will likely do what? a) Invoke spiritual forces in an effort to promote the patient's health and well-being. b) Administer herbal remedies to the patient that are chemically similar to the patient's current medications. c) Manipulate the patient's spine and skeleton in an effort to provide pain relief. d) Administer minute amounts of substances that are known to cause symptoms in healthy people.
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Administer minute amounts of substances that are known to cause symptoms in healthy people. Explanation: The basis of homeopathy is the belief that the body possesses the power to heal itself and that a substance creating certain symptoms in a healthy person would cure an ill person exhibiting the same particular set of symptoms.
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Which of the following considerations should a nurse prioritize surrounding the use of herbs and supplements by a patient? a) Potential interactions with drugs b) The patient's cultural background and beliefs c) Pharmacological alternatives to herbs and supplements d) The patient's previous use of herbal supplements
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Potential interactions with drugs Explanation: Safety is paramount when herbs and supplements are being considered. One of the most salient safety considerations surrounds the potential for drug interactions. This consideration supersedes a patient's culture and previous use of herbs. It is beyond most nurses' scope of practice to recommend pharmacological alternatives to an herb or supplement.
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Which of the following integrative therapies rely on natural substances such as herbs, diet, and nutritional supplements? a) Manipulative and body-based practices b) Mind-body medicine c) Biologically based practices d) Energy medicine
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Biologically based practices Explanation: Biologically based practices are methods that rely on natural substances such as herbs, diet and nutritional supplements, light modalities, and aromatherapy to restore health. Mind-body medicine uses mindful stress-reduction techniques to restore bodily functions. Manipulative and body-based practices focus on the manipulation or movement of one or more body parts. Energy medicine focuses on energy fields that originate inside (biofields) or outside (electromagnetic fields) the body.
