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Voice

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the form of a verb that shows whether the subject is performing the action

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Active Voice

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a verb is active if its subject performs the action EX: Ken BOUGHT a set of paints.

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Passive Voice

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a verb is passive if its action is performed upon the subject EX: A set of paints WAS BOUGHT by Ken.

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Tense

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a form of a verb that shows the time of an action or a condition

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Six Tenses of Verbs

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present, past, future, present perfect, past perfect, future perfect

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Progressive Tense

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consists of the appropriate tense of BE plus the present participle and is used to show continuing action or state of being EX: The children ARE BUILDING a fort made of boxes.

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Mood

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the form of a verb takes to indicate the attitude of the person using the verb

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Subjunctive Mood

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expresses a suggestion, a necessity, a condition contrary to fact, or a wish EX: I wish you WERE in chemistry with me.

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Indicative Mood

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expresses a fact, opinion, or question EX: Tula TRANSLATES the article into Spanish.

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Imperative Mood

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expresses a direct command or request EX: SHOW me how it works.

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Principal Parts of Verbs

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base form, present participle, past, past participle EX: BASE: ask PRESENT PARTICIPLE: is asking PAST: asked PAST PARTICIPLE: have asked

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Regular Verbs

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a verb that forms its past and past participle by -d or -ed to the base form EX: BAKE: baked, have baked

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Irregular Verbs

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a verb that forms its past and past participle in some other way that adding -d or -ed to the base form EX: SWIM: swam, have swum

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Six Troublesome Verbs

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lie and lay; sit and set; rise and raise

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Lie and Lay

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LIE does not take and object; LAY generally takes an object LIE BASE: lie PRESENT PARTICIPLE: is lying PAST: lay PAST PARTICIPLE: have lain LAY BASE: lay PRESENT PARTICIPLE: is laying PAST: laid PAST PARTICIPLE: have laid

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Sit and Set

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SIT seldom takes an object; SET generally takes an object SIT BASE: sit PRESENT PARTICIPLE: is sitting PAST: sat PAST PARTICIPLE: have sat SET BASE: set PRESENT PARTICIPLE: is setting PAST: set PAST PARTICIPLE: have set

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Rise and Raise

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RISE does not take an object; RAISE generally takes an object RISE BASE: rise PRESENT PARTICIPLE: is rising PAST: rose PAST PARTICIPLE: have risen RAISE BASE: raise PRESENT PARTICIPLE: is raising PAST: raised PAST PARTICIPLE: have raised

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Present Tense

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expresses an action or a state of being that is occurring now, at the present time EX: Liz WRITES stories.

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Past Tense

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expresses an action or a state of being that occurred in the past and does not continue into the present EX: Julia WROTE a poem.

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Future Tense

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expresses an action or a state of being that will occur EX: Liz WILL WRITE poetry.

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Present Perfect

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expresses an action or a state of being that occurred at an indefinite time in the past EX: Julia HAS WRITTEN stories.

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Past Perfect

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expresses an action or a state of being that ended before some other past action or state of being EX: Before she became a poet, Liz HAD WRITTEN stories.

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Future Perfect

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expresses an action or a state of being that will end before some other future occurrence EX: By the end of next year, Julia WILL HAVE WRITTEN a book of poems.

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Subject-Verb Agreement

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a singular subject must have a singular verb; a plural subject must have a plural verb EX: THUNDER usually FOLLOWS lightning. WE ARE about to get our umbrellas.

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Inverted Sentences

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a verb must still agree in number with a subject that follows it EX: At the top of the hill ARE two lightning RODS.

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Nouns That Look Like Plurals

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use singular verbs to agree with nouns that are plural in form but singular in meaning EX: PHYSICS REQUIRES skill in mathematics.

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Indefinite Pronouns

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singular indefinite pronouns take singular verbs; plural indefinite pronouns take plural verbs EX: EVERYONE on the rescue squad HAS LEFT for the day. SINGULAR: anybody, anyone, anything, each, either, enough, every, everybody, everyone, everything, neither, nobody, no one, nothing, somebody, someone, something PLURAL: both, few, many, others, several BOTH: all, any, more, most, none, some

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Titles of Creative Works and Organizations

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a title or the name of a creative work or organization is singular and must take a singular verb EX: WEATHER SERVICES IS a helpful agency.

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Amounts and Measurements

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a noun expressing an amount or measurement is usually singular and requires a singular verb EX: TWO MILES WAS our distance from the tornado.

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Agreement Between Personal Pronouns and Antecedents

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a personal pronoun must agree with its antecedent in number, person, and gender EX: BYRON completed HIS trip to India.

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Agreement in Number

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use a singular personal pronoun with two or more singular antecedents joined by OR or NOR EX: Neither TIM nor IKE like HIS flight to India.

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Agreement in Person and Number

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when dealing with pronoun-antecedent agreement, take care no t to shift either person or gender EX: MICHELLE will be studying Hindi, a language SHE will find useful while living in India. Either TIM or ED brought HIS MAP.

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Agreement with Indefinite Pronouns

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use a singular personal pronoun when the antecedent is a singular indefinite pronoun; use a plural personal pronoun when the antecedent is a plural indefinite pronoun EX: ALL of the men rode THEIR elephants.

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Using Reflexive Pronouns

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a reflexive pronoun must agree with an antecedent that is clearly stated EX: The tour guide brought the good news to Peter and ME. (not MYSELF)

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Four Special Problems in Pronoun Agreement

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1. a pronoun must agree with an antecedent that is either clearly stated or clearly understood 2. a personal pronoun should always refer to a single, obvious antecedent 3. a personal pronoun should always be close enough to its antecedent to avoid confusion 4. use the personal pronoun YOU only when the reference is truly to the reader or the listener.

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Nominative Case

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I, you, he, she, it, we, they use the nominative case when a pronoun is used as the subject of a verb or as a predicate nominative EX: SHE is the conductor of the band.

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Objective Case

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me, you, him, her, it, us, them use the objective case when a pronoun is used as the object of any verb, preposition, or verbal EX: Our teacher praised HER.

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Possessive Case

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my, mine, your, yours, his, her, hers, its, our, ours, their, theirs use the possessive case before nouns to show ownership, gerunds, and by themselves to indicate possession EX: MY report on the Roaring Twenties is almost done.

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Modifier

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a word or group of words that makes the meaning of another word or group of words more specific

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Adjective

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a modifier that makes the meaning of a noun or a pronoun more specific EX: The goalie made a COSTLY error.

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Adverb

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a modifier that makes the meaning of a verb, an adjective, or another adverb more specific EX: Lester was humming the song SOFTLY.

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Dangling Modifier

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a modifier that appears to modify either the wrong word or no word at all because the word it should logically modify is missing EX: INCORRECT: Pistoning like spark park plugs in a human engine, the track was pounded. CORRECT: Pistoning like spark plugs on a human engine, the runner's feet pounded the track.

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Misplaced Modifier

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a modifying word, phrase, or clause that seems to modify the wrong word or word group in a sentence EX: INCORRECT: High up on the wall, I saw a fly. CORRECT: I saw a fly high up on the wall.

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Squinting Modifier

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a modifying word, phrase, or clause that seems to modify either or two words EX: INCORRECT: Dr. Hena told the man before the operation what to expect. CORRECT: Dr. Hena told the man what to expect before the operation.

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Eight Troublesome Modifiers

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bad and badly; good and well; slow and slowly; real and really

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Bad and Badly

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bad is an adjective; badly is an adverb EX: I felt BAD so I stayed indoors. He began the race BADLY.

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Good and Well

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good is an adjective; well may be used as an adjective or as an adverb EX: The book was quite GOOD. By the first turn of the race, Marcus was doing quite WELL.

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Slow and Slowly

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slow is used as both an adjective and an adverb; slowly is used as an adverb EX: That SLOW train is a replica of an old steam engine. I was moving very SLOWLY.

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Real and Really

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real is an adjective; really is an adverb EX: That is a REAL replica. I REALLY needed some water.

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Comparative Form

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use the comparative degree when comparing two things EX: Carla is the LESS TALKATIVE of my two aunts.

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Superlative Form

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use the superlative degree when comparing more than two things EX: Of all my uncles, Vinnie is the LEAST TALKATIVE.

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Double Comparisons

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the use of two comparative forms or two superlative forms to modify the same word EX: INCORRECT: This film is MORE LONGER than the last one we saw together. CORRECT: This film is LONGER than the last one we saw together.

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Comparisons Within Groups

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include the word OTHER or ELSE when comparing one member of a group with the rest of the group EX: INCORRECT: Arlo is funnier than ANYONE in his class. CORRECT: Arlo is funnier than ANYONE ELSE in his class.

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Clear Comparisons

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use a complete comparison if an incomplete one could be misunderstood EX: INCORRECT: Juan talks to his sister more than his brother. CORRECT: Juan talks to his sister more than HIS BROTHER DOES.

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- lawyer defending Tom Robinson - Scout and Jem's single father - tells Scout they'll keep reading at night if she keeps going to school

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Atticus

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Jean Louise Finch - tomboy who likes to fight

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Scout

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Atticus' brother who is a doctor - spanks Scout for punching Francis and cussing but apologizes later when he finds out why she did it

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Uncle Jack

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Atticus' sister - comes to live with the Finches to give Scout a female role model - thinks Scout should think and act like a girl - won't let Scout visit Cal's house - think Atticus should let Cal go

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Aunt Alexandra

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- the Finches' cousin who Scout gets into a fight with when he calls Atticus names

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Francis

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- the Finches' cook who is also like a second mother to the children - African American woman who takes them to her church

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Calpurnia

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- Black man accused of raping Mayella Ewell - he is unable to use his left hand which would have made it quite difficult for him to attack Mayella the way she says he did - is shot 17 times and killed by prison guards when he tries to escape

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Tom Robinson

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- preacher at First Purchase who sits with the kids at the trial and locks his congregation in the church until they take up enough money for the Robinson family - the children sit with him during the trial

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Reverend Sykes

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- Calpurnia's son who leads the singing at First Purchase

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Zeebo

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- Charles Baker Harris - Scout's "fiance" who is passed around from family member to family member throughout the year - tells all sorts of crazy stories about who his daddy is - wants to be a clown when he grows up - Scout finds him under her bed

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Dill

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- sheriff in Maycomb - testifies that they did NOT call a doctor for Mayella - tells Atticus that "Bob Ewell fell on his knife" because he believes it would be wrong to drag Boo out into the limelight for killing Bob Ewell

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Heck Tate

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- nice Baptist neighbor who makes the kids 3 little cakes and takes good care of her flowers - her house catches fire - talks to the children like adults - teaches them many lessons, like that Atticus does the town's dirty work for them and is the same in his house as he is in public

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Miss Maudie

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- addict who Atticus said was the bravest person he ever knew - Jem and Scout have to go read to her because Jem broke her flower bushes - she has "fits" of withdrawal from morphine

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Mrs. Dubose

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- white man who has mixed children - drinks Coca-Cola out of a paper bag but everyone thinks it's alcohol (gives them an excuse for his "behavior")

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Dolphus Raymond

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- rabid dog that Atticus shoots

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Tim Johnson

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- accuses Tom Robinson of raping her - lives in a dump but has pretty red geraniums - thinks Atticus is making fun of her when he calls her ma'am

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Mayella Ewell

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- town drunk who uses his relief checks on alcohol instead of caring for his children - accuses Tom Robinson of raping his daughter - attacks Jem and Scout - killed by Boo Radley

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Bob Ewell

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- has "cooties" (lice) - makes Miss Caroline cry - only goes to school on the first day

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Burris Ewell

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- Boo's brother who keeps him in the house and fills up the tree hole where the kids had been getting presents

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Nathan Radley

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- town "phantom" that is rarely seen - his real name is Arthur Radley - puts a blanket around Scout the night of the fire - the kids play a game where they act out his story - supposedly stabbed his father in the leg with scissors - saves Jem and Scout from Bob Ewell by killing him

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Boo Radley

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- pays for Atticus' services with nuts instead of money - Scout talks to him about his son which diffuses the situation with the mob at the jail

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Mr. Walter Cunningham

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- Scout rubbed his nose in the dirt on the first day of school for getting her in trouble - he comes to their house for dinner and pours syrup all over his food

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Walter Cunningham

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- was guarding the jail with a shotgun - wrote an editorial in the newspaper about how Tom Robinson's death was like the "senseless slaughter of songbirds"

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Mr. Underwood

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Scout's first grade teacher who doesn't want her to read with Atticus anymore - swatted Scout with a ruler for telling her she was "shaming" Walter Cunningham

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Miss Caroline

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What is the setting of TKAM?

answer

Maycomb, Alabama, 1930s

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When was TKAM published?

answer

1960

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Why does Calpurnia get angry with Scout at the lunch table?

answer

For making fun of Walter when he puts syrup on his food

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What is Atticus' advice for Scout to get along with people better?

answer

1. To walk a mile in their shoes 2. To get inside their skin and walk around in it 3. To see things from their points of view

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What kinds of things do the kids find in the tree?

answer

gum, pennies, spelling medal, ball of string, old watch

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What does Scout hear when she rolls up to the Radley yard in the tire?

answer

someone laughing

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At first, Jem is disappointed in Atticus because he won't play ___________, but then he finds out he's the best ________ in Maycomb County.

answer

football; shot

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What do you know about First Purchase (Cal's church)?

answer

- no hymn books - Cal talks different - Rev. Sykes locks the people in

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What is Atticus' dangerous question? And what does that mean?

answer

"Do you really think so?" What Atticus is really saying is that he does not agree with Mr. Deas' views about Tom's trial, and has no intention of abandoning Tom regardless of what threats he (Atticus) must face.

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What point of view is the novel told from?

answer

First person

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Who is the narrator of the story?

answer

Scout

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How does Atticus convince Scout to keep going to school?

answer

He tells her they will still read together every night.

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How do the kids try to communicate with Boo Radley?

answer

A note at the end of a fishing pole that they put up to the window

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What happens to Jem's pants?

answer

The children have to run when Nathan Radley comes out of his house shooting. When they run under the fence, Jem loses his pants.

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What is different about Jem's pants when he goes back to get them later that night?

answer

They are sewn up and folded across the fence (Boo did it)

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Why does Nathan Radley say he is filling the knot-hole?

answer

He says the tree is dying. We know that it's really because he doesn't want Boo giving the kids presents anymore.

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Why does Scout think the world is ending?

answer

It's snowing!

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Who is Cecil Jacobs?

answer

He is a kid who gives Scout a hard time about her dad defending Tom Robinson. He is also the one who jumps out and scares Jem and Scout on their way to the Halloween pageant.

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What is Cecil Jacob's current events article about toward the end of the story?

answer

It is about Hitler persecuting the Jews.

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Who is Miss Gates and how does she confuse Scout?

answer

She is Scout's third grade teacher. She confuses Scout because she talks about how what Hitler is doing to the Jews is terrible, but then she treats AfricanAmericans in her own town terribly.

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What reason does Atticus give the kids for defending Tom Robinson?

answer

He says he wouldn't be able to tell them what to do anymore if he didn't

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What is Maycomb's usual disease?

answer

how people "go stark raving mad when anything involving a Negro comes up"

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Why is it a sin to kill mockingbirds?

answer

They "don't do anything but make music for us to enjoy"

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Who is the woman at First Purchase who is rude to Scout and Jem and says they should go back to their own church?

answer

Lula

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Why does Calpurnia say she acts and talks differently when she is around African-Americans than when she is around white people?

answer

She says it would be "out of place" for her to talk like white people at church. She doesn't want to seem like she's "puttin' on airs"

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Why do Jem and Scout fight shortly after Aunt Alexandra moves in?

answer

Jem tries to tell Scout what to do. He tells her to mind Aunt Alexandra.

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What does Atticus say every mob is made up of?

answer

people you know

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Why did Dill run away from home?

answer

He says he was bound in the basement because his new father doesn't like him

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Who is Miss Stephanie Crawford?

answer

the town gossip

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Who is Miss Rachel?

answer

Dill's aunt that he stays with in the summertime

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What does Dill dare Jem to do to the Radley house?

answer

touch it

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Based on Tom's story about what happened that day, what can we assume about how Mayella feels about him?

answer

She has a crush on him

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Based on Mayella's testimony, what can we assume about her relationship with her father?

answer

He is abusive

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Mr. Gilmer

answer

- the prosecuting attorney in Tom's case

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Link Deas

answer

- Tom's employer that stood up for him at the trial

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Harper Lee

answer

- wrote TKAM - grew up in Alabama - father was a lawyer - lives as a recluse - grew up with Truman Capote, who Dill is based on Won the Pulitzer Peace Prize

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William Golding

answer

author of LOTF fought in Royal Navy

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Why were British children being transported overseas in 1940

answer

Britain feared an invasion and evacuated children to other countries

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What is LOTF a parody to

answer

The coral island

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conch shell

answer

Symbolizes law and order of the adult world - democracy. Represents the authority the boys are so used to obeying. When Jack destroys it, anarchy takes over because any hope of strong, central leadership has been abandoned

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Fire

answer

The smoke of the signal fire symbolizes the best hope of the boys being rescued. To Piggy and Ralph, the fire represents the moral influence of their old life in England. Good- Fire reminds them of home, warmth and hope Bad- Destruction

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Beastie

answer

The beast is seen as a real object on the island which frightens the boys. In reality the beast is only their own internal fear. It is located in the soul and mind of the boys, leading them to the natural chaos of a society with no adults. The beast personifies the fear that every human being on earth feels.

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Pig

answer

It illustrates the line of aggression which becomes more and more dominant in the course of events. Thus, it is a symbol of Jack's leadership. The first killing of a pig also foreshadows Piggy's death. His nickname Piggy contains the word "pig." He is killed by the hunters like a pig.

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the lord of the flies

answer

Symbolizes the power of evil and the evilness in the boys (and in humanity). The head is called "Lord of the Flies" which is a translation of the word Beelzebub (name of the devil in the Bible). The Lord of the Flies is connected with the symbol of the pig (or rather, the head of a pig). It is a symbolic dramatization of human evil.

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Piggy's Specs

answer

They symbolize the voice of reason and logic among the boys. A symbol of intelligence and education. Notice how Piggy defends his glasses even more than the conch. Piggy uses his glasses to find solutions to the boys' problems.

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The Island

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The island symbolizes "isolation" and serves as the perfect backdrop for the frailties of human nature which eventually surface.

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Face Paint

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The face paint is the excuse many of the boys use for living as hunting savages, instead of civilized English citizens. It serves as a mask that allows the boys to become someone they are not.

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parachute man

answer

The dead body flying in the parachute symbolizes the end of adult supervision. Simon has a special connection with the parachute man when he climbs the mountain to determine if the parachute man is still alive.

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Scars

answer

The scar is where the plane crashed; it symbolizes destruction. Time spent on the island also leaves a scar. The boys destroy themselves and others leaving internal and physical scars.

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Ralph

answer

This character represents the law-abiding hardworking citizen who works for the good of the group and has faith that everything will turn out all right in the end if the proper rules are obeyed by everyone. Protagonist Cheif His father is in the navy and hopes he will come Most passionate about making sure the fire keeps going

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Jack

answer

This character represents the destructive forces in society: ruthless and evil, he plays on the fears of the group to gain power over them. Rather than help society, he wants to dominate it. Obsessed with meat and hunting He becomes violent and controlling and splits into an new group

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Piggy

answer

The character stands for the intellectual who tries to solve problems with logic and reason. Because he is considered "different" by the others, they pay little attention to him and he is ineffective despite his intelligence. Distinct characterization- fat with glasses Originally finds the conch Smashed by a rock when he tries to get his glasses back

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Simon

answer

This character represents the mystic, spiritual leader or philosopher who functions on a higher plane than the rest of society. He simply "knows" things - but is unable to communicate his knowledge to the others. Able to communicate to Lord of the flies. Mysterious and likes to be alone He is stabbed to death

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Samneric

answer

They are the last to remain loyal to Ralph and they represent the tug-of-war within us to remain good. They are twins and good experts in survival

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Littluns

answer

The younger kids. Represent the common folk, who easily follow the lead of others into savagery when there is no enforced structure in society.

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Moral allegory

answer

ralph-common sense piggy-intellect jack-emotion simon-soul

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political allegory

answer

simon-humanism piggy-technology jack-dictatorship ralph-fair and democractic government

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religious allegory

answer

simon-deep spirtuality piggy-pure intellectual jack-evil corruption ralph-every day man

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psychological allegory

answer

piggy-superego jack-id ralph-ego

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Loss of innocence

answer

1. Jack, at first, couldn't kill the pig but as he got hungrier and savage he learned to slaughter the feelings . . . and the pig 2. Ralph gets caught in the excitement of the mock hunt and helps kill Simon

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The descent from civilization to savagery

answer

1. In the beginning, Jack is a simple English boy who leads a choir and can't kill a pig. He then becomes more savage and in the end has a dictatorship and is leading the kill hunt for Ralph 2. The boys find a conch shell that they use as a symbol of government and leadership (and respect) Throughout the book, the boys lose the meaning of the conch, it ultimately becomes powerless and they boys corrupt their government

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The fear of the unknown and its resulting consequences

answer

When the boys were unsure if there was a beastie on the island, so they acted out of fear and joined Jack's dictatorship

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The dangers of mob mentality

answer

1. The mock hunt with Robert 2. When they kill Simon (they like hunting after them) The dangers of mob mentality can often lead to corruption in society

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The essential nature of humankind

answer

1. When the boys kill Simon, it marks the first time they purposefully kill another human. Even though some thought it was the beast at first, they realized throughout the attack that they were hurting Simon 2. When the boy skilled the pig, it showed how they were losing their identity of proper English boys 3. Jack became less and less innocent throughout the book. He couldn't kill the pig at first but he did not have any doubts about killing at the end of the book Theme Statement: The absence of civilization and adult supervision can often lead to the loss of innocence in children.

question

Loss of identity

answer

1. When Percival forgets his phone number and address, which he was taught to memorize this once he was young. 2. Jack used to be an innocent little boy, but the temptations of power on the island led him to be a savage, and he lost his identity as a young British boy 3. The masks that they boys put on turned them into savages

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The Importance of vision

answer

1. The signal fire: A ship or plane has to see the signal fire if the boys will ever be rescued 2. Piggy's specs: Piggy's specs are used to start the fire that can rescue them. He is the only one who has common sense and the ability to reason. As his glasses get destroyed and then eventually taken, this presents a huge loss to Ralph's group, and the prospects of rescue seem dim. 3. The boy's hair: The longer the boys are on the island, the longer their hair grows, and the more rapidly they descend into savagery and lose their innocence. Theme Statement: When vision becomes cloudy or impaired, the descent from civilization to savagery may occur.

question

Describe Piggy

answer

He's large and he has asthma. He doesn't want to be called piggy. He is bullied by most of the older boys. His father is dead, and his mother is out of the picture. He lived with his Auntie, who was overprotective of him.

question

How do the boys decide who will be leader? Who should be leader? Who is elected?

answer

They have a vote. Ralph seems like and obvious leader because he blew the conch to call the boys and organize the meeting. He is elected, but Jack is clearly put off by that decision. Jack believes he should have been chosen as he is the head boy of the choir boys on the island.

question

What happens when they find the piglet in the forest?

answer

Jack hesitated to kill he pig and then it ran away.

question

What are the rules for speaking in a meeting?

answer

You have to hold the conch. The holder of the conch should not be interrupted. Wherever the conch is, that's the meeting place.

question

The government is already showing signs of weakness. What are the signs?

answer

They don't have control over everybody. For instance, the speaker of the conch is getting interrupted. When they come up with an idea, often the boys scatter before they can become organized. They haven't accounted for everyone, so they can't tell who might be missing.

question

How do the boys make a fire?

answer

They collect dead wood and pile it up and use Piggy's specs to start a fire.

question

What happens to the littlun with the birthmark on his face?

answer

He gets lost in the fire, and we can assume he might have died.

question

How has Jack's personality changed during his stay on the island?

answer

His personality changed because he seems obsessed with hunting and killing a pig. His looks have changed quite a bit. His hair is in his eyes, and he's sunburned and painted.

question

List at least three problems the survivors are encountering (think both physically and socially).

answer

1.They can't kill a pig 2. The boys will only work briefly, then they get distracted. 3. While jack's priority is hunting, Ralphs priority is shelter and the signal fire. (rescue) They dont work together

question

Why does he paint his face, and how does the mask make Jack feel?

answer

He paints his face so that he can blend in with the vegetation and hunt the pig. It makes him feel free of shame and self-consciousness.

question

Why were the boys unable to signal the ship they saw on the horizon?

answer

Jack and the others went after the pig and let the smoke go out so the ship couldn't see the ship. They needed enough bodies to trap the pig so that Jack could jump on it and slit its throat.

question

How does the author show us that Ralph is finally beginning to face the realities of their existence?

answer

He is contemplating whether or not he is a good leader. He calls an assembly to discuss the issues the boys are facing: the boys aren't using the bathroom in the right spot, no one is helping to build the shelter, they aren't keeping up with the signal fire, and they aren't collecting the water in the shells for everyone to use.

question

Compare Ralph's treatment of the littluns with Jack's.

answer

Ralph is understanding of the littlun's fears, and he brings it to the group for discussion. Jack is cruel t othe littluns, calling them crybabies and sissies.

question

What is Simon saying when he thinks the "beast" may be inside the boys themselves?

answer

The little kids are afraid of what the boys are becoming--savages.

question

What do Sam and Eric tell the boys they have seen? What is it actually?

answer

They all thought that they saw a beast that was chasing them. They came running down the hill bloody. It is actually a parachutist. Whenever the wind blows it looks like a big beast that is breathing. It also looks very big because of the parachute.

question

Why do Ralph and Jack decide to go find the beast?

answer

They feel like they have too because they have to put the littluns at peace. They won't feel safe until they kill the beast. They won't be able to survive on the island by just staying on the platform (signal fire and food). Jack wants to find the beast and kill it so he would have bragging rights and become chief.

question

How does Ralph react when a boar comes charging down the path?

answer

He throws a wooden spear at the boar. He is excited that he drew blood from the boar, even if he didn't kill it.

question

What did the boys see on the mountaintop?

answer

They saw the parachutist, but they thought it was the beast. They still do not recognize it as a human form.

question

Although he is not able to get the boys to throw Ralph out of office as chief, Jack manages to overthrow Ralph's authority anyway. How?

answer

He calls Ralph a coward. He points out some of Ralph's faults, and he makes up derogatory comments that Ralph never said. He points out his own bravery. He asks the boys to vote Ralph out, and when no one does, he cries and storms off to start his own group.

question

Jack suggests a way to keep the beast happy. What is it?

answer

Jack suggests that they can keep the beast happy by giving it offerings, such as a pig's head.

question

Describe Simon's strange encounter with the Lord of the Flies. Who or what is it?

answer

The Lord of the Flies is the pig's head that is surrounded by flies. Simon is prone to fainting and it is very hot so he has a hallucination that the head is talking to him and saying that the evil within the boys is causing terror. He then imagines going inside the mouth of the pig (this is showing all of his fears)

question

What acts of kindness (there are two) does Simon perform in this chapter?

answer

He frees the parachutist, an act of mercy, because the body was in a state of disgrace. He also runs down from the mountain to tell the boys that the beast isn't real. The boys, in a mob-mentality, jump on Simon and attack him.

question

What is happening weather-wise on the island? Why is it significant?

answer

It's storming, which makes it harder for the boys to tell it's Simon in the confusion. Bad weather often symbolizes ominous events in literature.

question

What happens to Simon when he returns to the group?

answer

He is at first mistaken for the "beast," and then boys attack him. It seems unlikely, however, that they didn't realize at some that this was Simon.

question

At the end of this chapter, what happens to both Simon and the parachutist?

answer

They end up drifting off into the ocean.

question

Describe the way that Jack is currently ruling as "chief."

answer

He is harsh and acting like a dictator. He has ordered that Wilfred be tied up, but no one even knows the reason why. This is representative of a totalitarian government.

question

What happened in the hut?

answer

The boys are ambushed by Jack, Maurice, and Roger, who take Piggy's glasses so that they can have fire.

question

What happens to the conch and to Piggy?

answer

The conch shatters when Piggy dies after being hit by a boulder set loose by Roger.

question

What is Ralph's reaction when he encounters the pig's skull?

answer

He is confused when he first sees it, and he can't figure out if it's alive. Then he figures out what it is. He also notices that it is a gleaming white, like the conch was. The skull now replaced the conch as a symbol of the boys' government. He then smashed the pig skull and grabs the spear

question

Driven by fear and hunger, Ralph manages to make contact with Samneric who are standing guard at Castle Rock. Of what do they warn him?

answer

They warn Ralph that Jack's hunters are sharpening a spear at both ends, and they plan to hunt Ralph.

question

In what ways does the tribe try to find Ralph?

answer

-they push boulders off a cliff down into the thicket where ralph is hiding -they spread out in clotheslines formation -they light a fire to smoke Ralph out

question

Where is the situational irony in the novel?

answer

It's ironic that the signal fire never attracted a ship; instead, Jack's fire did. The Naval Officer finds fault with the boys for the way they behave on the island, when as a soldier, he's responsible for killing others as well.

question

Fulcrum

answer

Where a lever rests

question

Incredulous

answer

Unable to believe

question

Furtive

answer

Secreative

question

Enmity

answer

Hostle

question

Bloody

answer

Damn

question

Stident

answer

Loud

question

Decorm

answer

Proper Behavior

question

Dazzle Paint

answer

Camo

question

Setting of a tale of two cities

answer

1775-1793; France/England

question

Point of View of a tale of two cities

answer

omniscient

question

Static Characters in ATOTC

answer

Lucie, Dr. Manette, most characters

question

Dynamic Characters in ATOTC

answer

Sydney Carton, Mr. Lorry softened a bit

question

Flat Characters in ATOTC

answer

most of the characters

question

Round Characters in ATOTC

answer

Sydney Carton, Madame Defarge

question

Heroic Images in ATOTC

answer

Sydney Carton, Manette/Darnay, Madame Defarge

question

Sydney Carton as Heroic

answer

a. anti-hero: angry, living on edge of society; contempt for social norms b. medieval knight: loves Lucie with a pure love, from a distance; at end of novel, he doesn't even speak her name, just walks in her footsteps; does deeds in honor of her (courtly love) c. archetypal scapegoat/ Christ figure: sacrifices himself for one she loves

question

Manette/Darnay as Heroic

answer

Dr. Manette is incapable; reverts to his old self when under pressure// Darnay is an extremely good and gracious man, but not necessarily heroic

question

Madame Defarge (anti-hero)

answer

Hubris: begins to think she is more powerful than the forces of nature; revenge for childhood events motivates her; her hatred for the aristocracy consumes and eventually destroys her

question

Theme of Resurrection in ATOTC

answer

Dr. M. "recalled to life"; Charles resurrected 3x; mock resurrections of Toulon and Roger Cly; the resurrection of Carton's better self

question

Theme of Sacrifice in ATOTC

answer

Darnay for Gabelle; Carton for Darnay (Lucie); Miss Pross takes on Mme. Defarge for love of Lucie and her family

question

Theme of Fate in ATOTC

answer

FR Rev. affects all; Charles' uncle says he must "accept your destiny" as does Mme. Defarge; Charles inexplicably "drawn to the Loadstone Rock"

question

Theme of Human Tendency toward Excesses in ATOTC

answer

oppressions are equal: aristocracy and revolutionaries

question

Theme of Love Overcoming Evil in ATOTC

answer

Carton's sacrifice overcomes the revolutionaries evil; Miss Pross overcomes Mme. Defarge's hatred with love for Lucie

question

Light and Dark

answer

seem to represent good and evil; shadows are menacing

question

Doubles Motif in ATOTC

answer

Carton/Darnay, Solomon Pross/John Barsad, Evermonde twins, Jerry/Young Jerry, Lucie/Little Lucie, knitting/cobbling, Tellson's/prison

question

Love/Hate in ATOTC

answer

personified by Lucie, Miss Pross, Dr. M., Charles (love); Sydney Carton (self-loathing), the Defarges and the revolutionary forces (hate)

question

Parallelism in ATOTC

answer

plotlines; locations (what was happening in England and what was happening in France) merge together in Book

question

Anaphora in ATOTC

answer

"It was the best of times," "Hunger was..."

question

Repetition in ATOTC

answer

used for effect "ghost of..." and throughout the text;

question

Analogy in ATOTC

answer

the "card game" between Carton and Barsad in Book 3

question

Metonymy in ATOTC

answer

references to Saint Antoine (meaning the people of S.A.) or "the village" meaning the people of the village

question

Synecdoche

answer

figure of speech in which a part represents the whole

question

Pathetic Fallacy in ATOTC

answer

personification with adjective preceding noun (ex. "Hungry Saint Antoine")

question

Euphemism in ATOTC

answer

opening paragraph: "we were all going the other way"; Gaspard "exalted to that height of so many feet" meaning hanged; Mr. Lorry accuses Cruncher of "having an unlawful occupation of infamous description" (pg 238)

question

Authorial Intervention in ATOTC

answer

(p. 15, narrator speaks directly to reader)

question

Imagery in ATOTC

answer

animal; religious

question

Wine Cask (spilled) in ATOTC

answer

foreshadowing blood to be spilled in the Revolution

question

Golden Thread in ATOTC

answer

Lucie is the unifying thread that binds the family (and story) together

question

Knitting in ATOTC

answer

registry of death; mechanical, replaces the movement of jaws eating

question

Shadows in ATOTC

answer

foreshadowing of negative things to come; associated with Mme. Defarge

question

Footsteps in ATOTC

answer

people coming into the lives of the Manette family

question

The Sea in ATOTC

answer

the mobs in France

question

Carmagnole

answer

a dance representing the frenzied madness of the revolutionaries

question

Scarecrows and Birds in ATOTC

answer

peasants and aristocracy

question

Tellson's Bank

answer

status quo, intransigence of a system, extremely conservative

question

Cobbler's tools in ATOTC

answer

retreat from reality and pain

question

Grindstone in ATOTC

answer

viciousness of the bloodthirsty French mobs

question

Lodestone in ATOTC

answer

invisible force that draws one to his destiny

question

Prison cells of Dr. M. and Darnay represents _.

answer

death

question

Foreshadowing in ATOTC

answer

occurs throughout the novel: Revolution is foreshadowed as is Carton's sacrificial death

question

What is the Irony: "Fellow of No Delicacy"

answer

Carton, with rough exterior, is a man of feelings and sensitivity; Mr. Stryver, although more "refined" than Carton, is a bully and a braggart "shouldering his way" through life

question

What is the Irony: "Sees nothing"

answer

Mme. Defarge sees everything, nothing escapes her

question

No Dramatic Irony of Dickens

answer

Dickens doesn't let the readers know things until the characters do

question

Irony: Satire in ATOTC

answer

social reform

question

Personification in ATOTC

answer

"That newly formed female, La Guillotine"; Hunger; Want; Fate; Death

question

Biblical Allusions in ATOTC

answer

numerous: Samaritan/ I am the Resurrection/ Samson/ loaves and fish/ Eden/ etc

question

Classical Allusions in ATOTC

answer

Gorgon's head; Bacchanalian propensities; Furies, dragon's teeth

question

Alliteration in ATOTC

answer

Darnay loves Lucie "dearly, disinterestedly, devotedly"; Miss Pross says the revolutionaries have but one meaning: "Midnight, Murder, and Mischief"

question

Comic Relief in ATOTC

answer

Jerry Cruncher and young Jerry "resurrection man"

question

Neoclassicism in ATOTC

answer

(Enlightenment) concern for truth as revealed through reason; first newspapers; liberalization of the church and religion; tolerance and freedom of expression; in France, injustices inflamed oratory, and in turn revolt exploded

question

Romanticism in ATOTC

answer

celebrated the individual, common humanity as the subject of literature; believed in the fundamental goodness of man (Rousseau's noble savage); empathy with nature, and the individual's ability to overcome

question

Realism in ATOTC

answer

events plausible; tone may be satiric or matter of fact; specified freedom of choice limited by outside forces; verisimilitude

question

A tale of two cities was written during

answer

Victorian Era

question

a, an

answer

these indefinite articles refer to a member of a general group. A is used before words beginning with a consonant sound. AN is used before words beginning with a vowel sound

question

accept, except

answer

ACCEPT is a verb meaning "to receive". EXCEPT may be used as a verb or as a preposition, and as a verb it means "to leave out". as a preposition, it means "excluding"

question

affect, effect

answer

AFFECT is a verb meaning "to influence." EFFECT may be used as a verb or noun; as a verb it means "to bring about"/"to accomplish." as a noun it means "the result (of an action)."

question

ain't

answer

AIN'T is nonstandard. avoid using ain't in speech and in all writing other than dialogue

question

all ready, already

answer

ALL READY (adj.) means "all prepared." ALREADY (adv.) means "previously."

question

all right

answer

ALL RIGHT means satisfactory, unhurt, safe, correct, or in a response, yes. although the spelling ALRIGHT is sometimes used, it has not become accepted as standard usage

question

all the farther, all the faster

answer

avoid using these expressions. instead, use as far as and as fast as

question

allusion, illusion

answer

an ALLUSION is an indirect reference to something historical, literary, or mythological. an ILLUSION is a mistaken idea or a misleading appearance

question

a lot

answer

with the article A, LOT may be used as a noun meaning a large amount or number or as a verb meaning a great deal or very much. both uses are informal; avoid them in formal speaking and a writing situation. ALOT is a misspelling of the expression in either use.

question

alumni, alumnae

answer

ALUMNI is the plural of alumnus (a male graduate). ALUMNAE is the plural of alumna (female graduate). considered as a single group, they are referred to as ALUMNI

question

among, between

answer

use BETWEEN when referring to only two items or more than two when each items is being compared to each other item

question

amount, number

answer

use AMOUNT to refer to uncountable nouns. use NUMBER to refer to countable nouns

question

and etc.

answer

since AND is used in the definition of ETC., using AND with ETC. is redundant

question

anyways, anywheres

answer

these words and similar words, such as everywhere, somewhere, and nowhere, should not have a final S

question

as if, as though, like

answer

in formal situations, avoid using the preposition LIKE. as for the conjugation AS IF or AS THOUGH should be used to introduce a subordinate clause

question

at

answer

avoid using AT after a construction beginning with WHERE

question

a while, awhile

answer

used with the article A, WHILE is a noun meaning "a period of time." AWHILE is an adverb meaning "for a short time."

question

bad, badly

answer

BAD is an adjective, BADLY is an adverb. in standard english, only the adjective form should follow a sense or other linking verb

question

because

answer

in formal writing and speaking, do not use the construction REASON...BECAUSE. instead, use REASON...THAT. (an adverb clause cannot function as a predicate nominative)

question

being as, being that

answer

avoid using either of these expressions for BECAUSE or SINCE.

question

beside, besides

answer

BESIDE is a preposition meaning "by the side of." BESIDES may be used as a preposition meaning "in addition to" or as an adverb meaning "moreover."

question

borrow, lend

answer

BORROW means "to take [something] temporarily." LEND means "to give something temporarily." Its principle parts are lend, is lending, lent, (have) lent.

question

bring, take

answer

BRING means "to come carrying something"; TAKE means "to go carrying something."

question

bust, busted

answer

avoid using these words as verbs. use for of break or burst, or catch or arrest, depending on the meaning you intend.

question

could of

answer

do not use OF in place of HAVE

question

discover, invent

answer

DISCOVER means "to learn of the existence of something." INVENT means "to bring something new into existence."

question

done

answer

DONE is the past participle of DO. avoid using DONE for DID, which is the past form of DO and does not require a helping verb

question

don't, doesn't

answer

DON'T is the contraction of DO NOT. DOESN'T is the contraction for does not. DOESN'T is singular; DON'T is plural

question

emigrate, immigrate

answer

EMIGRATE is a verb meaning "to leave a country or region to settle elsewhere." IMMIGRATE is a verb meaning "to come into a country or region to settle there."

question

fewer, less

answer

use FEWER which tells "how many," to modify a countable noun. use LESS which tells "how much," to modify an uncountable noun

question

had of

answer

do not use OF in place of HAVE

question

had ought, hadn't ought

answer

do not use HAD or HADN'T with OUGHT

question

he, she, it, they

answer

avoid using a pronoun along with its antecedent as the subject of a verb. such an error is sometimes called a double subject.

question

hisself, theirself, theirselves

answer

these are not words. avoid using these forms in speech and in all forms of writing other than dialogue

question

hopefully

answer

means "in a hopeful manner" or "it is to be hoped"

question

imply, infer

answer

IMPLY means "to suggest"; INFER means "to draw as a conclusion"

question

in, into

answer

IN means "from within." INTO means "from the outside to the inside." in formal situations, avoid using IN for INTO.

question

its, it's

answer

IT'S ALWAYS means "it is." possessive pronouns NEVER require apostrophes

question

kind of, sort of

answer

in formal situations, avoid using KIND OF for somewhat or rather

question

kind of a, sort of a

answer

drop the A for standard accepted usage

question

kinds, sorts, types

answer

with the singular form of each of these nouns, use THIS or THAT; with the plural form, use THESE or THOSE

question

learn, teach

answer

LEARN means "to gain knowledge"; TEACH means "to provide with knowledge."

question

leave, let

answer

LEAVE means "to go away"; LET means to "permit." do not use LET for LEAVE

question

like, as

answer

LIKE can function as a preposition. do not use LIKE for the conjunction AS to introduce a subordinate clause.

question

like, as if, as though

answer

do not use that preposition LIKE for the conjunction AS IF or AS THOUGH to introduce a subordinate clause.

question

of

answer

avoid using OF after other prepositions such as INSIDE, OFF, and OUTSIDE

question

off, off of

answer

do not use OFF or OFF OF in place of FROM

question

or, nor

answer

use OR with either; use NOR with neither

question

some, somewhat

answer

standard english requires the use of SOMEWHAT rather than SOME to mean "to some extent."

question

supposed to, used to

answer

when writing the past form of SUPPOSE or USE, especially before the word TO, avoid omitting the -d ending.

question

than, then

answer

THAN is a subordinating conjunction used on comparisons; THEN is an adverb telling when

question

try and, try to

answer

us TRY TO, not TRY AND

question

type, type of

answer

avoid using TYPE as an adjective. add OF after TYPE

question

ways

answer

use WAY, not WAYS, in referring to distance

question

when, where

answer

unless you are defining a time or place, do not use WHEN or WHERE to begin a definition

question

where

answer

do not use WHERE for THAT

question

who, which, that

answer

WHO refers to people only, WHICH refers to things only. THAT may refer to either persons or things

question

also avoid?

answer

double negatives

question

when referring to people in general, use??

answer

nonsexist expressions rather than gender-specific ones.

question

two reasons Ibsen is considered a literary pioneer

answer

made drama a vehicle for social commentary and explored socially unacceptable topics

question

two reasons why were audiences shocked after viewing "A Doll's House"

answer

-play ended with a characters conscience rejection of existing social conventions -graphic, realistic, unflattering depiction of middle-class life

question

A Doll's House actually represented the birth of...

answer

modern drama

question

how does dialogue in modern drama differ from that written at an earlier time?

answer

modern drama no longer speaks in highly poetic language, formal declarations, asides, or soliloquies. characters speak like we do in everyday life

question

the characters in modern drama are not "larger than life" but rather they are ___________ of it

answer

representative

question

realistic characters can be heroic, but they find that their strength and courage are tested in the context of...

answer

events modern people might experience

question

modern drama presents such issues as work, love, marriage, and death in the realm of the...

answer

probable

question

conflicts in realistic plays are likely to reflect...

answer

problems in our own ways

question

the nineteenth century movement toward realism paralleled the rise of a...

answer

middle class eagerly seeking dramas representing its own concerns

question

how are some of the dramatic conventions different in modern drama?

answer

social, political, and industrial revolutions created an atmosphere in which playwrights saw it necessary to creat work that directly reflected their audience's lives

question

what are melodramas and why are they a popular form of drama in the nineteenth century and even today to some extent?

answer

"thrills and chills and happy endings" plays had entertaining stories yet the outcomes were always comforting to the audience's sense of justice

question

in an effort to open the eyes of their audiences, many modern dramatists felt the only real comfort in the modern world was knowing the...

answer

the truth

question

what is a problem play?

answer

a drama that represents a social issue in order to awaken the audience to it

question

retrospective

answer

significant events that happen before the beginning of the play (antigone, hamlet)

question

"piece bien faites"

answer

"well made play" similar to a melodrama but much tighter structure

question

tone of A Dolls House

answer

serious, somer, intense

question

What language was A Doll's House originally written in?

answer

norwegian

question

genre of A Doll's House

answer

drama (realistic prose)

question

year A Doll's House was published

answer

1874

question

time & place A Doll's House was written

answer

1879 italy in self imposed exile

question

protagonist of A Doll's House

answer

Nora

question

setting of A Doll's House

answer

Christmas eve, 1879, norway

question

concepts around which A Doll's House revolves

answer

marriage, money, honesty/integrity

question

concept of marriage in A Doll's House

answer

Nora was a trophy wife, torvald didn't value her individually.

question

concept of money in A Doll's House

answer

torvald uses money as power

question

concept of honesty/integrity in A Doll's House

answer

nora and torvald constantly manipulate and deceive each other. lots of secrets and lies

question

major conflict on a superficial level in A Doll's House

answer

Nora's struggle with krogstad, who threatens to tell her husband about her past crime, incites Nora's journey of self discovery -without krogstad the truth would've never been revealed

question

nora's primary struggle

answer

selfish, stifling, oppressive attitude of her husband and the society he represents

question

basic form/structure of A Doll's House

answer

"piece bien fiete" = "well made play" french serious version of a melodrama, tighter structure, no stock characters. characters are usually round, not flat

question

use of retrospective in "A Doll's House"

answer

the secret loan, krogstad's crime, mrs. linde's failed marriage

question

action of "A Doll's House"

answer

extremely compressed -- unities of time and place: 3 days, one setting in apartment. gave play unrelenting cohesion

question

symbol of macaroon in A Doll's House

answer

deception, little lies, nora's subtle rebellion

question

symbol of Christmas time in A Doll's House

answer

out with the old & in with the new attitude, change, possibilities, torvald's promotion

question

symbol of lark & animal imagery in A Doll's House

answer

dominative language to belittle Nora, to dehumanize her. ironic when torvald refers to his own "broad wings." Nora "takes flight" at the end of the play.

question

symbol of tarentella in A Doll's House

answer

dance thought to cure a tarantula bite. nora is "dancing for her life" as she plans to kill herself later that night

question

symbol of a doll in A Doll's House

answer

lifeless representation of a human-- how nora's been treated her whole life by her father and her husband. she has never discovered her own passions & interests

question

theme of individual and society in A Doll's House

answer

rules prevent characters from expressing their true nature

question

theme of duty to oneself in A Doll's House

answer

nora leaves her husband & children for her own well being. torvald says she is a wife & mother before all else but nora now realizes she's only ever accepted what she's been told, never decided anything for herself

question

theme of place (and self-sacrifice) of women in A Doll's House

answer

nora works to pay off the debt on her own, mrs. linde didn't marry for love but did so pragmatically for her family's needs, nurse gave up her child for adoption so she could work

question

theme of appearance vs. reality in A Doll's House

answer

"richly bound books" in his anger, torvald says that nora will not be allowed around him or the children but won't let anyone outside the family know. concerned with outward appearance & reputation. nora is a trophy wife

question

theme of collapse of parental ideal in A Doll's House

answer

nora walks away from her own children with good intentions

question

motif of letters in A Doll's House

answer

krogstad's letter revealing the truth to torvald and his letter releasing Nora's bond, mrs. linde's letter asking krogstad to see her so they could talk, dr. rank's letter with the black cross announcing his death

question

archetype of light in A Doll's House

answer

reveals truth, dampens dr rank's romantic impression

question

archetype of darkness in A Doll's House

answer

dr rank tells nora of his impending death while it's dark, creates a romantic mood for him to confess his love for her

question

an adverb clause modifies?

answer

verb, adjective, or adverb

question

what questions do adverb clauses answer?

answer

where, when, how, to what extent, why, under what conditions

question

adverb clauses that answer the question where are clauses of?

answer

place

question

adverb clauses that answer the question when are clauses of?

answer

time

question

adverb clauses that answer the question how are clauses of?

answer

manner

question

adverb clauses that answer the question to what extent are clauses of?

answer

degree

question

adverb clauses that answer the question why are clauses of?

answer

purpose/cause

question

adverb clauses that answer the question under what conditions are clauses of?

answer

condition/concession

question

what is an elliptical clause?

answer

part of a clause may be left out when its meaning can be clearly understood from the context of the sentence

question

abstract

answer

in writing, typically complex, discusses intangible qualities like good and evil, and seldom uses examples to prove its points

question

anthropomorphism

answer

in literature, when inanimate objects, animals, or natural phenomena are given human characteristics, behavior, or motivation, ____________________ is at work. for example, "in the forest, the darkness waited for me, I could hear its patient breathing." ________________ is often confused with personification. but personification requires that the nonhuman quality or thing take on human shape

question

academic

answer

as an adjective describing style, this word means dry and theoretical writing. when a piece of writing seems to be sucking all the life out of its subject with analysis

question

accent

answer

in poetry, refers to the stressed portion of the word. in "to be, or not to be," stresses fall on the first "be" and "not." it sounds silly any other way. but in poetry is also a matter of opinion, consider the rest of the first line of Hamlet's famous soliloquy, "that is the question." the stresses in that portion of the line are open to a variety of interpretations.

question

aesthetic, aesthetics

answer

can be used as an adjective meaning "appealing to the senses." this type of judgment is a phrase synonymous with artistic judgement; the plural noun is the study of beauty singular: as a noun, it is a coherent sense of taste. the kid whose room is painted black, who sleeps in a coffin, and listens only to funeral music has an _____________. the kid whose room is filled with pictures of kittens and daisies but who sleeps in a coffin and listens to polka music has a confused ____________. plural: questions like "what is beauty?" or, "is the beautiful always good?" fall into this category.

question

allegory

answer

story in which each aspect of the story has a symbolic meaning outside the tale itself. many fables have this quality. for example, aesop's "the ant and the grasshopper" isn't merely the story of a hardworking any and a carefree grasshopper, but is also a story about different approaches to living - the thrifty and the devil-may-care. it can also be read as a story about the seasons of summer and winter, which represent a time of prosperity and time of hardship, or even as representing youth and age. they are usually even more hard and fast. bunyan's epic poem, pilgrim's progress, is one of the these of the soul, in which each and every part of the tale represents some feature of the spiritual world and the struggles of an individual to lead a Christian life.

question

alliteration

answer

repetition of initial consonant sounds; consonant clusters coming closely cramped and compressed

question

allusion

answer

a reference to another work or famous figure. classically, a reference to greek and roman mythology or literature such as "The Iliad." can be topical or popular as well. topically, refers to a current event. popularly, refers to something from popular culture, such as a reference to a television show or a hit movie.

question

anachronism

answer

derived from Greek. means "misplaced in time." if the actor playing Brutus in a production of Julius Caesar forgets to take off his wristwatch, the effect will be an _________________________.

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analogy

answer

comparison; usually involve two or more symbolic parts and are employed to clarify an action or a relationship. (ex: just as the mother eagle shelters her young from the storm by spreading her great wing above their heads, so does Acme Insurers of America spread an umbrella of coverage to protect its policyholders from the storms of lives)

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anecdote

answer

short narrative

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antecedent

answer

word, phrase, or clause that determines what a pronoun refers to. in "the principal asked the children where they were going," "they" is the pronoun and "children" is the ____________________.

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anticlimax

answer

occurs when an action produces far smaller results than one had been led to expect; frequently comic. example: "sir your snide manner and despicable arrogance have long been a source of disgust to me, but I've overlooked it until now. However, it has come to my attention that you have fallen so disgracefully deep into that mire of filth which is your mind as to attempt to besmirch my wife's honor and my good name. Sir, I challenge you to a game of badminton."

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antihero

answer

protagonist (main character) who is markedly unheroic: morally weak, cowardly, dishonest, or any number of other unsavory qualities

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aphorism

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a short and usually witty saying example: "'classic'? a book which people praise and don't rend." - mark twain

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apostrophe

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a figure of speech wherein the speaker talks directly to something that is nonhuman

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archaism

answer

the use of deliberately old-fashioned language. authors sometimes use these to create a feeling of antiquity. tourist traps use these with a vengeance, as in "ye old candle shoppe"

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aside

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a speech (usually just a short comment) made by an actor to the audience, as though momentarily stepping outside of the action on stage.

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aspect

answer

a trait or characteristic, as in "an _______________ of the dew drop"

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assonance

answer

repeated use of vowel sounds "old king cole was a merry old soul"

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atmosphere

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emotional tone or background that surrounds a scene

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ballad

answer

long, narrative poem, usually in a very regular meter and rhyme. typically has a naive folksy quality, a characteristic that distinguishes it from epic poetry

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bathos

answer

when writing strains for grandeur it can't support and tries to jerk tears from every little hiccup

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pathos

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when the writing of a scene evokes feelings of dignified pity and sympathy

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black humor

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this is the use of disturbing themes in comedy. in samuel beckett's "waiting for godot," the two tramps, didi and gogo, comically debate over which should commit suicide first, and whether the branches of the tree will support their weight.

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bombast

answer

pretentious, exaggeratedly learned language. when one tries to be eloquent by using the largest, most uncommon words

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burlesque

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broad parody, one that takes a style or a form, such as tragic drama, and exaggerates it into ridiculousness.

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cacophony

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in poetry, using deliberately harsh, awkward sounds

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cadence

answer

the beat or rhythm of poetry in a general sense. for example, iambic pentameter is the technical name for a rhythm. one sample could have a gentle, pulsing _______________, whereas another might have a conversational _______________, and still another might have a vigorous, marching _________________.

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canto

answer

the name for a section division in a long work of poetry; divides a long poem into parts the ways chapters divide a novel

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caricature

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portrait (verbal or otherwise) that exaggerates a facet of personality

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catharsis

answer

drawn from aristotle's writings of tragedy. refers to the "cleansing" of emotion an audience member experiences, having lived (vicariously) though the experiences presented on stage

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chorus

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in drama, the group of citizens who stand outside the main action on stage and comment on it

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classic

answer

can mean typical; also means an accepted masterpiece

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coinage, neologism

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new word, usually one invented on the spot, often people's names

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colloquialism

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word or phrase used in everyday conversational english that isn't a part of accepted "schoolbook" english. for example, "i'm toasted. I'm a crispy-critter man, and now I've got this wicked headache."

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complex, dense

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suggesting that there is more than one possibility in the meaning of the words (image, idea, opposition); subtleties and variations; multiple layers of interpretation; meaning is both explicit and implicit

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conceit, metaphysical (reserved for metaphysical poems only)

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startling or unusual metaphor, metaphor developed and expanded upon over several lines.

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controlling image

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when the image dominates and shapes the entire work

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denotation

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literal meaning

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connotation

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everything else (other than literal meaning) that a word suggests or implies. for example, in the phrase "the dark forest," it implies danger, mystery, quiet

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consonance

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repetition of consonant sounds within words. a flock of sick, black-checkered ducks

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couplet

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a pair of lines that end in rhyme but at my back i always hear time's winged chariot hurrying near

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decorum

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in order to observe, a character's speech must be styled according to her social station, and in accordance with the occasion. a bum should speak like a bum about bumly things, while a princess should speak only about higher topics and in a delicate manner. in neoclassical and victorian literature the authors observed this, meaning they did not write about the indecorous. the bum wouldn't even appear in this genre

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diction

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author's choice of words whether to use wept or cried.

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dirge

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song for the dead; typically slow, heavy, melancholy

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dissonance

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grating of incompatible sounds

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doggerel

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crude, simplistic verse, often in sing-song rhyme. limericks are a kind

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dramatic irony

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when the audience knows something that the characters in the drama do not

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dramatic monologue

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when a single speaker in literature says something to a silent audience

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elegy

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type of poem that meditates on death or mortality in a serious, thoughtful manner. often use the recent death of a noted person or loved one as a starting point. also memorialize specific dead people

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elements

answer

basic techniques of each genre of literature

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elements of a short story

answer

characters, irony, theme, symbol, plot, and setting

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elements of poetry

answer

figurative language, symbol, imagery, rhythm, rhyme

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elements of drama

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conflict, characters, climax, conclusion, exposition, rising action, falling action, sets, props

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elements of nonfiction/rhetorical

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argument, evidence, reason, appeals, fallacies, thesis

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enjambment

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continuation of a syntactic unit from one line or couplet of poem to the next with no pause

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epic

answer

in a broad sense, a very long narrative poem on a serious theme in a dignified style. typically deal with glorious or profound subject matter (great war, heroic journey, the fall of man from eden, battle with supernatural forces, trip into underworld, etc)

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mock-epic

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parody form that deals with mundane events and ironically treats them as worthy as the real poetry

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epitaph

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lines that commemorate the dead at their burial place; usually a line or handful of lines, often serious or religious, sometimes witty and irreverent

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odyssey

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long journey; named for the character in the epic by homer. he made his long journey back from the trojan war, encountering several obstacles along the way.

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euphemism

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a word or phrase that takes the place of a harsh, unpleasant, or impolite reality. use of passed away for died, and let go for fired

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euphony

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when sounds blend harmoniously

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explicit

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to say or write something directly and clearly (this is a rare happening in literature because the whole game is to be implicit, that is, to suggest and imply)

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farce

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today, used to refer to extremely broad humor. writers of earlier times used it as a more neutral term, meaning simply a funny play or comedy (comedy was the generic term for any play; not implying humor)

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foil

answer

a secondary character whose purpose is to highlight the characteristics of a main character, usually by contrast. for example, an author will often give a cynical, quick-witted character a docile, naive, sweet-tempered friend

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foot

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basic rhythmic unit of a line of poetry; formed by a combination of two or three syllables, either stressed or unstressed

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foreshadowing

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an event or statement in a narrative that in miniature suggests a larger event that comes later

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free verse

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poetry written without a regular rhyme scheme or metrical pattern

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genre

answer

a subcategory of literature. science fiction and detective stories

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gothic, gothic novel

answer

sensibility form first showed up in middle of the eighteenth century and had a heyday of popularity for about sixty years. never really gone away. think mysterious gloomy castles perched high upon sheer cliffs. paintings with sinister eyeballs that follow you around the rooms. weird screams from the attic. diaries with a final entry that trails off the page and reads something like, "no, no! it couldn't be!!!!"

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hubris

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excessive pride or ambition that leads to the main character's downfalls

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hyperbole

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exaggeration or deliberate overstatement

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implicit

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to say or write something that suggests and implies but never says it directly or clearly. "meaning" is definitely present, but it's in the imagery, or between the lines

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in media res

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latin for "in the midst of things" one of the conventions of epic poetry for examples when the iliad begins, the trojan war has already been going on for 7 years

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interior monologue

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a term for novels and poetry, not dramatic literature; writing that records the mental talking that goes on inside a character's head. related, but not identical to stream of consciousness. tends to be coherent, as though the character were actually talking.

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inversion

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switching the customary order of elements in a sentence or phrase. when done badly, it can give a stilted, artificial, look-at-me-i'm-poetry feel to the verse. messing with syntax is called poetic license

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irony

answer

a statement that means the opposite of what it seems to mean. undertow of meaning, sliding against the literal meaning of words. insinuates, whispers under the explicit statement.

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lament

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a poem of sadness or grief over the death of a loved one or over some other intense loss

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lampoon

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a satire

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loose sentence

answer

complete before its end

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lyric

answer

type of poetry that explores the poet's personal interpretation of and feelings about the world. when describing tone, refers to sweet, emotional melodiousness

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means, meaning

answer

discovering what makes sense and what's important. literal meaning which is concrete and explicit and emotional meaning

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melodrama

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form of cheesy theater in which the hero is very, very good, the villain mean and rotten, and the heroine oh-so-pure

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metaphor

answer

comparison or analogy that states one thing is another

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metonymy

answer

a word that is used to stand for something else that it has attributes of or is associated with. for example, a herd of 50 cows could be called 50 head of cattle.

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nemesis

answer

protagonist's archenemy or supreme and persistent difficulty

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objectivity

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impersonal or outside view of events

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onomatopoeia

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words that sound like what they mean

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opposition

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pair of elements that contrast sharply. it is not necessarily "conflict" but rather a pairing of images, whereby each becomes striking and informative because it's placed in contrast to the other one. creates mystery and tension. can lead to irony

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oxymoron

answer

phrase composed of opposites; a contradiction

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parable

answer

like a fable or an allegory, story that instructs

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paradox

answer

a situation or statement that seems to contradict itself, but on close inspection, does not.

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parallelism

answer

repeated syntactical similarities used for effect

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paraphrase

answer

to restate phrases and sentences in your own words, to rephrase. not analysis or interpretation. just a way of showing you comprehend what you've just read

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parenthetical phrase

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phrase set off by commas that interrupts the flow of a sentence with some commentary or added detail

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parody

answer

the work that results when a specific work is exaggerated to ridiculousness

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pastoral

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poem set in tranquil nature or even more specifically, one about shepherds

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periodic sentence

answer

not grammatically complete until its reached its final phrase

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persona

answer

narrator in a non-first-person novel. in a third person novel, even though the author isn't a character, you get some idea of the author's personality. shadow-author

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personification

answer

giving an inanimate object human qualities or form

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plaint

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a poem or speech expressing sorrow

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babbitt allusion

answer

a self-satisfied person concerned chiefly with business and middle-class ideals like material success; a member of the American working class whose unthinking attachment to its business and social ideals is such to make him a model of narrow-mindedness and self-satisfaction; after George F., the main character in the novel by Sinclair Lewis

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Brobdingnagian allusion

answer

gigantic, enormous, on a large scale, enlarged; after the land of the giants visited by gulliver in gulliver's travels, by jonathan swift

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bumble allusion

answer

to speak or behave clumsily or faltering, to make a humming or droning sound; Middle English clumsy religious figure in a work of literature

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cinderella allusion

answer

one who gains affluence or recognition after obscurity and neglect, a person or thing whose beauty or worth remains unrecognized; after the fairy-tale heroine who escapes from a life of drudgery through the intervention of a fairy godmother and marries a handsome prince

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don juan allusion

answer

a libertine, profilgate, a man obsessed with seducing women; after the legendary 14th century spanish nobleman and libertine

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don quixote allusion

answer

someone overly idealistic to the point of having impossible dreams; from the crazed and impoverished spanish noble who sets out to revive the glory of knighthood, romanticized in the musical based on the story by cervantes

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panglossian allusion

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blindly or misleadingly optimistic; after the doctor in candide by voltaire, a pedantic old tutor

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falstaffian allusion

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full of wit and bawdy humor; after a fat, sensual, boastful, and mendacious king who was the companion of henry, prince of wales

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frankenstein allusion

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anything that threatens or destroys its creator; from the young scientist in Mary Shelley's novel of this name, who creates a monster that eventually destroys him

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friday allusion

answer

a faithful and willing attendant, ready to turn his hand to anything; from the young savage found by robinson crusoe, and kept as his servant and companion on the desert island

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point of view

answer

the perspective from which the action of a novel or narrative poem is presented, whether the action is presented by one character or from different vantage points over the course of the novel.

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omniscient narrator

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third person narrator who sees, like God, into each character's mind and understands all the action going on

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limited omniscient narrator

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a third person narrator who generally reports only what one character (usually the main character) sees, and who only reports the thoughts of that one privileged character

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objective/camera-eye narrator

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third person narrator who only reports on what would be visible to a camera. does not know what the character is thinking unless the character makes note of it.

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first person narrator

answer

character in the story that tells the tale from his or her point of view; unreliable

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prelude

answer

an introductory poem to a longer work of verse.

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protagonist

answer

the main character of a novel or play.

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pun

answer

the usually humorous use of a word in such a way to suggest two or more meanings.

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refrain

answer

a line or set of lines repeated several times over the course of a poem

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requiem

answer

a song of prayer for the dead.

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rhapsody

answer

an intensely passionate verse or section of verse, usually of love or praise

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rhetorical question

answer

a question that suggests an answer. in theory, the effect is that it causes the listener to feel she has come up with the answer herself.

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satire

answer

exposes common character flaws to the cold light of humor; attempts to improve things by pointing out people's mistakes in the hope that once exposed, such behavior will become less common.

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simile

answer

like a metaphor but softens the full-out equation of things, often, but not always by using like or as

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soliloquy

answer

a speech spoken by a character alone on stage/ meant to convey the impression that the audience is listening to the character's thoughts. unlike an aside, not meant to imply that the actor acknowledges the audience's presence

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galahad allusion

answer

a pure and noble man with limited ambition; in the legends of King Arthur, the purest and most virtuous knight of the Round Table, the only knight to find the Holy Grail

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jekyll and hyde allusion

answer

a capricious person with two sides to his/her personality; from a character in the famous novel who had more than one personality, a split personality (one good and one evil)

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lilliputian allusion

answer

descriptive of a very small person or of something diminutive, trivial or petty; after the tiny people in "Gulliver's Travels" by Jonathan Swift

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little lord fauntleroy allusion

answer

refers to either a certain type of children's clothing or to a beautiful, but pampered and effeminate small boy; from a work by Frances H. Burnett, the main character was a striking figure, dressed in black velvet with a lace collar and yellow curls

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lothario allusion

answer

used to describe a man whose chief interest is seducing a woman; from the play "The Fair Penitent" by Nicholas Rowe, the main character and the seducer

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malapropism allusion

answer

the usually unintentional humorous misuse or distortion of a word or phrase, especially the use of a word sounding somewhat like the one intended, but ludicrously character noted for her misses of words in R. B. Sheridan's comedy "The Rivals"

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milquetoast allusion

answer

a timid, weak or un assertive person; from a comic strip character created by H. T. Webster

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stanza

answer

a group of lines roughly analogous in function in verse to the paragraph's function in prose

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stock characters

answer

standard or chilchéd character types: the drunk, the miser, the foolish girl, etc.

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stream of consciousness technique

answer

like first person narration, but instead of the character telling the story, the author places the reader inside the main character's head and makes the reader privy to all of the other character's thoughts

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subjectivity

answer

uses interior or personal view of a single observer and is typically colored with that observer's emotional responses

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subjunctive mood

answer

"if i were you, i'd learn this one!" that's a small joke because the grammatical situation involves the words "if" and "were." set up a hypothetical situation, a kind of wishful thing.

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suggest

answer

to imply, infer, indicate.

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summary

answer

a simple retelling of what you've just read. it's mechanical, superficial, and a step beyond the paraphrase in that it covers much more material and is more general. includes all the facts

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suspension of disbelief

answer

the demand made of a theater audience to accept the limitations of staging and supply the details with imagination. also, the acceptance on an audience's or reader's part of the incidents of plot in a play or story. if there are too many coincidences or improbable occurrences, the viewer/reader can no longer do this and subsequently loses interest.

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symbolism

answer

a device in literature where an object represents an idea

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syntax

answer

ordering and structuring of the words. whether to say, the pizza was smothered in cheese and pepperoni. i devoured it greedily. or greedily, i devoured the cheese-and-pepperoni-smothered pizza

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technique

answer

the methods, the tools, the "how-she-does-it" ways of the author. not elements.

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theme

answer

the main idea of the overall work; the central idea. topic of discourse or discussion

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thesis

answer

the main position of an argument. central contention that will be supported

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tragic flaw

answer

in a tragedy, this is the weakness of character in an otherwise good individual that ultimately leads to his demise

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travesty

answer

a grotesque parody

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truism

answer

a way-too-obvious truth

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unreliable narrator

answer

character in the story that tells the tale from his or her point of view (first person narrator)

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utopia

answer

an idealized place; imaginary communities in which people are able to live in happiness, prosperity, and peace.

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zeugma

answer

the use of a word to modify two or more words, but used for different meanings. he closed the door and his heart on his lost love.

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pickwickian allusion

answer

humorous, sometimes derogatory; from a character in Charles Dickens' story

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pollyanna allusion

answer

a person characterized by impermissible optimism and a tendency to find good in everything, a foolishly or blindly optimistic person. from eleanor porter's heroine

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pooh-bah allusion

answer

a pompous, ostentatious official, especially one who, holding many offices, fulfills none of them, a person who holds high office; after lord-high-everything-else character in the mikado musical

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quixotic allusion

answer

having foolish and impractical ideas of honor, or schemes for the general good; after a half-crazy reformer and knight of supposed distressed.

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robot allusion

answer

a machine that looks like a human being and performs various acts of a human being, a similar but functional machine whose lack of capacity for human emotions is often emphasized by an efficient, insensitive person who functions automatically, a mechanism guided by controls, taken from the czech word meaning drudgery

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rodomontade allusion

answer

bluster and boasting, to boast; from a brave, braggart knight' king of sarza or algiers, son of ulteus, and commander of both horse and foot in the saracen army

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scrooge allusion

answer

a bitter and/or greedy person; from charles dickens' a christmas carol, an elderly stingy miser who is given a reality check by 3 visiting ghosts

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simon legree allusion

answer

a harsh, cruel, or demanding person in authority, such as an employer or officer that acts in this manner; from uncle tom's cabin, the brutal slave owner

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svengali allusion

answer

a person with an irresistible hypnotic power; from a person in a novel; a musician who hypnotizes and gains control over the heroine

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tartuffe allusion

answer

hypocrite or someone who is hypocritical; central character in a comedy by moliere (famous for his hypocritical piety)

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uncle tom allusion

answer

someone thought to have the timid service attitude like that of a slave to his owner; from the humble, pious, long-suffering negro slave

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uriah heep allusion

answer

a fawning toadie, an obsequious person; from a character in charles dickens' david copperfield

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walter mitty allusion

answer

a commonplace non-adventuresome person who seeks escape from reality through daydreaming, a henpecked husband or dreamer; after a daydreaming henpecked "hero" in a story by james thurber

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yahoo allusion

answer

a boorish, crass, or stupid person; from a member of a race of brutes in swift's gulliver's travels who have the form and all the vices of humans

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absolom allusion

answer

a son who brings heartache to his father; from the third son of david, king of israel. exiled for three years before he was allowed to return to the court or see his royal father. plotted to cause a rebellion against his father to overtake the kingdom because he heard solomon was to succeed david. when killed in battle, king david grieved for his son in spite of his treachery against him

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alpha and omega allusion

answer

beginning and the end, from a quote in revelations in the NT

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cain allusion

answer

a brother who kills a brother; from the story of adam and eve's son, who killed his brother abel out of jealousy

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daniel allusion

answer

one known for wisdom and accurate judgement; from a wise leader in the OT who was able to read the handwriting on the wall

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david and bathsheba allusion

answer

represents a big sin; from the king's affair with the wife of uriah. after they had an affair and she became pregnant, the king had her husband uriah put on the front lines of battle so he would die. the affair formed a critical turning point in the king's life. prior to this, he had prospered greatly, but afterward, his personal fortunes were greatly diminished. nathan the prophet confronted the king after he took the woman for his wife and trapped him into admitting his own guilt

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eye of the needle allusion

answer

a very difficult task; from famous narrow gateway. in the NT, jesus said it was easier for a camel to go through this than for a rich man to enter heaven

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filthy lucre allusion

answer

money or profits; from a story in the NT of jesus casting moneylenders out of the temple

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goliath allusion

answer

a large person; from the giant from the philistine city of gath, slain by david, when he was a shepherd boy

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good samaritan allusion

answer

someone who helps another person, perhaps someone of a different race or background; from a NT parable about a traditional enemy of the hebrews who stopped to help a jewish man who had been beaten and left for dead at the side of the road

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handwriting on the wall allusion

answer

what the future holds; from the OT story of daniel, who was able to accurately predict something mysterious that appeared on a wall (translated, it predicted the imminent death of the king)

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ishmael allusion

answer

one who is cast out as being unworthy; the son of abraham and his handmaiden hagar, he was cast out into the desert when his wife sarah had their son isaac; therefore said to be the ancestor of the nomadic desert tribes of arabs

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jacob allusion

answer

grandson of abraham, son of isaac and rebekah, brother of esau, and the traditional ancestor of israelites. his name was changed to israel, and his 12 sons became the 12 tribes of israel

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job allusion

answer

man who suffers a great deal but remains faithful; from an OT character whose faith in God was tested by satan; though he lost his family and belongings, he remained patient and faithful

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job's comforters allusion

answer

"friends" who try to help by bringing blame; ironically these people did not comfort at all but were sources of more affliction

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jonah allusion

answer

one who bring bad luck; an OT prophet who ran from god and sailed to sea. when a storm arose, he admitted that he was the cause, and the sailors threw him overboard, where he was swallowed by a large fish

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judas allusion

answer

a traitor or a treacherous kiss. one of the 12 apostles, notorious for betraying jesus. his surname in latin means "murderer" or "assassin." disclosed jesus' whereabouts to the chief priests and elders for thirty pieces of silver

question

what are the three main sections of the hero's journey?

answer

1. separation from the known world 2. initiation and transformation 3. the return to the known world

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the call (hero's journey)

answer

invites the initiate into the adventure, offering him/her the opportunity to face the unknown and gain something of physical or spiritual value

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the threshold (hero's journey)

answer

the "jumping off point" for adventure. it is the interface between the known and the unknown, which is a different world full of dangers and challenges

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threshold guardians (hero's journey)

answer

may be people, beings, or situations that block the hero's passage into the journey. function is to protect the hero from taking the journey before he/she is ready. one the hero is ready to meet the challenge, they step aside and point the way.

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helpers (hero's journey)

answer

provide assistance or direction. often in the form of a divine gift, such as a talisman, which will help the hero through the ordeal. also can provide lodging, shelter, food, or whether is needed

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talisman

answer

magic weapon

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mentors (hero's journey)

answer

guides that keep the initiate focused on his or her goal and gives stability, a psychological foundation for when the danger is greatest

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challenges or temptations (hero's journey)

answer

must be faced by the initiate on the quest. become more and more difficult, testing him to the utmost, forcing him to change and grow. begins the process of transformation

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abyss (belly of the whale) (hero's journey)

answer

where the hero faces the greatest challenge of the journey. challenge is so great at this point that the initiate must surrender to the quest, lose himself in adventure, and become one with it. must overcome greatest fears, must face them alone. must slay the dragon here, which often is something he dreads or needs to resolve. if the initiate cannot surrender, he must retreat. unless he sets off to try again, life becomes a shadow of what is should be, and he will become dissatisfied and bitter.

question

when did the hero's transformation become complete?

answer

as he conquers the abyss and overcomes his fears

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often the final step in the abyss (hero's journey)

answer

moment of death and rebirth: a part of him dies so that a new part can be born

question

fear must die to make way for what?

answer

courage

question

ignorance must die for what?

answer

birth of enlightenment

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dependency and irresponsibility must die so that what can grow?

answer

independence and power

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revelation (hero's journey)

answer

epiphany, sudden, dramatic change in the way one thinks or views life. crucial because it makes the initiate a different person. occurs during the abyss

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atonement (hero's journey)

answer

where he is "at one" with his new self and life. absorbed the changes caused by the journey and is fully reborn. imbalance corrected. now truly a hero

question

boon (hero's journey)

answer

gift which is bestowed upon him based on his new level of skill and awareness. may become richer or stronger, may become a great leader, may become enlightened spiritually

question

return to everyday life (hero's journey)

answer

contributing to one's society, assuming society accepts rather than rejects him

question

according to the anthropologist joseph campbell, all stories with meaning for a society emerge from what?

answer

"monomyth" or "one story"

question

what is the order of the hero's journey?

answer

1. separation from the known world a. call to adventure b. threshold (guardians, helpers, mentors) 2. initiation and transformation a. challenges b. abyss c. transformation d. revelation e. atonement 3. return to the known world

question

king ahab and jezebel allusion

answer

an evil king of israel and his treacherous evil wife, synonymous today with evil. through their marriage, she introduced the worship of baal, an idol, to israel, inciting mutual enmity with the prophets. she instigated the muder naboth for the possession of a vineyard.

question

jezebel allusion

answer

brazen or forward woman

question

manna allusion

answer

a sustaining life-giving source or food; from the sweetish bread-like food that fell from heaven for the israelites as they crossed the sinai desert to the promised land with moses

question

original sin/the fall allusion

answer

the idea that all men are innately sinful as a result of adam and eve's fall from the state of innocence. when they ate of the forbidden fruit, they were cast out of the garden of eden; a post-biblical expression for the doctrine of adam's transgression and mankind's consequential inheritance of a sinful nature because he ate the forbidden fruit from the tree of knowledge

question

pearl of great price allusion

answer

something so precious that one would devote everything to or give up everything for it. in one of jesus' parables, the kingdom of heaven is compared to this found by a merchant

question

philistine allusion

answer

a person indifferent or hostile to the arts and refinement. from sea-going people from crete who became enemies of the israelites and fought over their lands

question

prodigal son allusion

answer

a wasteful son who disappoints his father; from the NT parable of a man with two sons. when he split his estate between the two, the younger gathered his fortune and left home to live the wild life, while the older son stayed home to work in the fields. when the younger spent all the money, he came crawling back to his father, who accepted him, pardoning his error by saying he was "lost but was found"

question

ruth and naomi allusion

answer

paragons of love between in-laws; faithful friends. from the OT story of a women who, when he husband died in battle, left her own land to travel with his mother back to her people

question

samson and delilah allusion

answer

treacherous love story. an israelite hero and legendary warrior with extraordinary physical strength fell in love with a philistine. when she learned that his fair was the source of his strength, she betrayed him by excepting a philistine bribe to cut off his hair while he slept.

question

delilah allusion

answer

voluptuous, treacherous woman

question

scapegoat allusion

answer

one that is made an object of blame for others; symbolically burdened with the sins of jewish people and thrown over a precipice outside of jerusalem to rid the nation of iniquities

question

sepulcher allusion

answer

tomb in the OT

question

sodom and gomorrah allusion

answer

any place associated with wickedness or sin; from the evil cities of the OT that were destroyed by fire

question

solomon allusion

answer

an extremely wise person; from the son of king david, the israelite kind who wrote proverbs, and was known for wisdom

question

twelve tribes of israel allusion

answer

according to the OT, the hebrew people took possession of the promised land of canaan after the death of moses and named the tribes after the sons and grandson of jacob (whose name was changed to israel): reuben, simeon, judah, issachar, zebulum, gad, asher, dan, naphtali, joseph, manasseh, ephraim

question

attila allusion

answer

barbarian, rough leader; king of the huns and the most successful of the barbarian invaders of the roman empire

question

berserk allusion

answer

destructively or frenetically violent, mental or emotional upset; a warrior clothed in bear skin who worked himself into a frenzy before battle

question

bloomer allusion

answer

undergarments for dance or active wear; underwear formally worn by females that was composed of loose trousers gathered at the ankles; invented by amelia, an american social reformer

question

bowdlerize allusion

answer

to censor, expurgate prudishly, to modify, as by shortening or simplifying or by skewing content; after thomas who expurgated shakespeare

question

boycott allusion

answer

to act together in abstaining from using, buying, or dealing with as an expression of protest or disfavor or as a means of coercion, the act or an instance of this; after charles of ireland who was a former british soldier that refused to charge lower rents and ejected his tenants. he and his family found themselves without servants, farmlands, service in stores, or mail delivery.

question

canopy allusion

answer

an overhanging protection or shelter, to cover or hover above; middle english word taken from a word meaning "net curtains"

question

casanova allusion

answer

a man who is amorously and gallantly attentive to women; a promiscuous man; an italian adventurer who established a legendary reputation as a lover

question

chauvinist allusion

answer

one who has a militant devotion to and glorification of one's country, fanatical patriotism, prejudiced belief in the superiority of one's own gender, group, or kind; after a legendary french soldier devoted to napoleon

question

derrick allusion

answer

a machine for hoisting and moving heavy objects, consisting of a movable boom equipped with cables and pulleys and connected to the base of an uprights stationary beam, a tall framework over a drilled hole, esp. an oil well, used to support boring equipment; named after a london hangman

question

donnybrook allusion

answer

any riotous occasion; taken from the fair, held in dublin country which was famous for rioting and dissipation

question

dunagree allusion

answer

a style of casual work pants; from a coarse cotton fabric of east indian origin; from a hindu word

question

el dorado allusion

answer

a place of reputed wealth; from the legendary city in south america, sought by early spanish explorers

question

hackney allusion

answer

to make something banal or trite by frequent use, a horse for ordinary riding or driving, a horse kept for hire, let out, employed, done for hire; from the most common breed of heavy harness horses in the US

question

horatio alger allusion

answer

one who believes that a person can make it on his own merits; from american writer of inspirational adventure books

question

laconic allusion

answer

using or marked by the use of few words, brief; from the reputation of the spartans for brevity of speech

question

limerick allusion

answer

a humorous or nonsense verse of five lines; from a country in republic of ireland where the form is said to have originated

question

machiavellian allusion

answer

characterized by expedience, deceit and cunning; from a philosopher known for his treaties and political expediency, wrote "the prince"

question

marathon allusion

answer

a long distance race; source of the victory of the greeks over persians

question

mccarthyism allusion

answer

modern witch hunt, the practice of publicizing accusations of political disloyalty or subversions with insufficient regard to evidence, the use of unfair investigatory or accusatory methods, in order to suppress opposition; after an american politician who as a US senator from WWI publicly accused many citizens of subversion

question

meander allusion

answer

to wander aimlessly; originating from a river in turkey noted for its winding course

question

mesmerize allusion

answer

to induce the state of being hypnotized; after an austian physician who use hypnotism and developed a theory called "animal magnetism"

question

nostradamus allusion

answer

fortune teller; french physician and astrologer who wrote a book of rhymer prophecies

question

sardonic allusion

answer

bitterly ironical, sarcastic, sneering; from a plant said to bring on fits of laughter

question

shanghai allusion

answer

to cheat or steal, to make drugs, liquor, etc., to bring or get by trickery or force; a seaport in east china, because sailor for voyages there were often secured by illicit means

question

spartan allusion

answer

frugal and bare, simple, disciplined and stern and brave; having to do with an important city in greece. people known for simplicity of life, severity, courage, and brevity of speech

question

stonewall allusion

answer

hinder or obstruct by evasive, delaying tactics; in cricket: trying to go completely defensive blocking every ball without trying to score; relating to the confederate general from the remark during the battle of bull run: "look at jackson's men; they stand like a ...."

question

swiftian allusion

answer

satirical; from a famous satire on politics gulliver's travels

question

sybaritic allusion

answer

luxurious, voluptuous, a person who cares very much for luxury and pleasure; an inhabitant of a town founded by greeks in ancient italy, which was known for its luxury

question

thespian allusion

answer

having to do with the theater or acting; relating to a attic poet, the reputed father of greek tragedy

question

uncle sam allusion

answer

government of people of the united states; derived from the the united states of america and a business man with initial on shipping boxes

question

utopia allusion

answer

an imaginary and perfect society; from thomas more's novel

question

wagnerian allusion

answer

style of music: loud, dramatic, radical; having to do with this person's musical styles or theories

question

waterloo allusion

answer

a decisive or final defeat or setback; source of napoleon's last defeat

question

when was the classic movement?

answer

800 B.C. - 500 A.D. (to fall of Rome)

question

what is the classic movement characterized by?

answer

polytheism, emphasis on pleasing the will of the gods

question

what are examples of the classic movement?

answer

Iliad, odyssey, oedipus, antigone, medea

question

what type of writing did the classic movement involve?

answer

epics, poetry, drama

question

when was the middle ages/renaissance movement?

answer

A.D. 450-1650

question

what is the middle ages/renaissance movement characterized by?

answer

theism (great chain of being), faith in God, piety, chivalry, resurgence of faith in the possibilities of mankind for he was essentially good (during the renaissance)

question

what type of writing did the middle ages/renaissance movement include?

answer

ballad, lyric poetry, drama, essay

question

what are example of the middle ages/renaissance movement?

answer

the divine comedy, canterbury tales, the decameron, arthurian legends, shakespearean drama, dr. faustus

question

when and where was the puritanism movement?

answer

in america. 1620-1750

question

what is the puritanism movement characterized by?

answer

theism, "plain style," didactic, generally non-fiction, authors modeled their writing after the Bible and wrote to explore God's working in their inner and outer lives

question

what type of writing did the puritanism movement include?

answer

diaries, sermons, histories, and some poetry

question

what are examples of the puritanism movement?

answer

of plymouth plantation, a narrative of captivity, sinner in the hands of an angry god, huswifery

question

when was the enlightenment movement?

answer

1650-1800

question

what is the enlightenment movement characterized by?

answer

deism, age of rationalism, reason, logic, symmetry, balance, imitation of the style of greek and roman writers, man portrayed as inherently flawed, so restraint, self-control, and common sense were considered of value

question

what type of writing did the enlightenment movement include?

answer

essay, satire, letters, mock epic, poetry

question

what are examples of the enlightenment movement?

answer

tartuffe, gulliver's travels, the rape of the lock, paradise lost, candide; and in america, the writing of franklin and paine (common sense)

question

when was the romanticism movement?

answer

1800-1850

question

what is the romanticism movement characterized by?

answer

pantheism, reaction to constraints of neoclassicism, characterized by emotion, nature, the past, the elevation of the human experience, the supernatural, exotic settings, gothic literature was a sub-movement, truth is an individual experience, emphasized the quest for beauty and emotions over logic

question

what type of writing did the romanticism movement include?

answer

lyric poetry, short stories, novels

question

what are examples of the romanticism movement?

answer

poetry of wordsworth, shelley, keats, coleridge, and byron; in america, short stories and poetry of poe, short stories and novels of hawthorne (the scarlet letter)

question

when was the realism movement?

answer

1850-1890

question

what is the realism movement characterized by?

answer

verisimilitude, philosophically somewhat pessimistic, the milieu of the novel is the commonplace and the unheroic, writing style somewhat journalistic with less description, plots emphasized the norm of daily experience

question

what was an outgrowth of realism in america?

answer

the local color movement

question

what type of writing did the realism movement include?

answer

novels, short stories

question

what are examples of the realism movement?

answer

les miserables, anna karenina, a tale of two cities; in america, the rise of silas lapham, daisy miller, novels by twain

question

when was the naturalism movement?

answer

1880-1920

question

what was naturalism an outgrowth of?

answer

darwinism

question

what is the naturalism movement characterized by?

answer

philosophical naturalism, highly pessimistic, deterministic, free will was ineffective at causing change in a predetermined outcome, subject matters often deal with ran and unpleasant experiences which often reduce characters to degrading behaviors in order to survive, movement of population from rural to urban areas influenced

question

what type of writing did the naturalism movement include?

answer

primarily novels and short stories, some poetry

question

what are examples of the naturalism movement?

answer

ethan frome, a doll's house, of mice and men, red badge of courage

question

when was the modernism movement?

answer

1900-1960

question

what is the modernism movement characterized by?

answer

naturalism, nihilism, existentialism, initially a reaction to the horrors of world war I which made people question the future of humanity (what was becoming of the world?), modernist fiction spoke of the inner self and consciousness, alienation and loneliness are prominent themes of prose/poetry, irony and satire used to point out society's ills, literature characterized by experimentation of form such as stream-of-consciousness, interior monologue, narrative discontinuity, search for meaning in a chaotic world

question

what are examples of modernism movement?

answer

as i lay dying, ulysses, portrait of the artist as a young man, the waste land, heart of darkness, waiting for godot

question

what is the postmodernism movement characterized by?

answer

based on the position that reality is not what humans understand it to be but is constructed as the mind tries to understand its own personal reality, skeptical of explanations that claim to be valid for all groups, cultures, traditions or races, instead focuses on the relative truths of each person, interpretation is everything, reality is only through our own interpretations of what the world means to us, relies on concrete experience over abstract principles, arguing that the outcome of one's own experience is relative rather than universal

question

what was postmodernism a reaction to?

answer

scientific or objective efforts to explain reality

question

what do postmodernism's literary techniques include?

answer

temporal distortion (jumping forward or backward in time), metafiction (reference to fictional illusion - writing a play about writing a play), pastiche (a type of writing that combines writing from different genres to form a new narrative

question

what structure is the Ethan Frome ?

answer

frame structure

question

what is the point of view in Ethan Frome?

answer

first person and third person limited omniscient

question

how old was ethan at the time of his accident?

answer

28

question

what does the name starkfield suggest about the setting?

answer

bleak, barren, desolate, empty, spartan, austere

question

How does Herman Gow corroborate that starkfield is bleak later on?

answer

by saying that "most of the smart one get away"

question

who is herman gow?

answer

drove the stage of the narrator. knew ethan's story.

question

What is the stereotype of an enginneer?

answer

orderly, meticulous, precise, logical

question

how is the narrator atypical of the stereotype of an engineer?

answer

sees ethan as gallant which is a romantic, larger-than-life perception

question

What is significant about the missing "L" structure on the farm?

answer

"L" is the center and hearthstone of the house, shows how Ethan's house is lacking nourishment, also symbolic of Ethan himself

question

What places do Herman Gow and Mrs. Ned Hale occupy in the story?

answer

sources of information

question

who was one of the first to see ethan after his accident?

answer

mrs. ned hale (reluctant to talk about it afterwards)

question

what is mattie's last name? why is this significant?

answer

silver. symbolizing a life force.

question

Since we know from the prologue that the novel involves a tragedy, what foreshadowing devices has the author used?

answer

ethan's need for mattie, uneasiness about Zeena's suspicions

question

mattie is identified with red (red scarf). what does this represent?

answer

blood, passion, scarlet letter (love out of wedlock)

question

how is the setting in Ethan Frome itself foreshadowing?

answer

dark, winter setting represents death

question

How does Ethan reveal that he feels ambivalent?

answer

he loves mattie and is attracted to her, but he knows he doesn't have the right to acknowledge it

question

where does ethan think he can possess Mattie?

answer

in death

question

What foreshadowing is used in Etan Frome?

answer

danger of the elm while sledding; vine - funeral/death

question

How is Ethan's conflict between his feelings for Mattie and those for Zeena voiced?

answer

headstones mocking Ethan's desire

question

who is the antithesis of zeena?

answer

mattie

question

What is significant about the missing key? What does it reveal about Zeena?

answer

zeena is very skeptical but remains silent and inarticulate. wants them to know that she knows something and that she has power

question

How are Mattie and Zeena contrasted physically?

answer

mattie - young, lively, energetic, colorful zeena - old, tired, ill, dark colors, death

question

How are Zeena and Mattie contrasted psychologically? (Compare their backgrounds and how they handle their situations)

answer

zeena - chronic complainer, centered on health (hypochondriac), controlling, pessimistic, plays mind games, fault-finder, self-absorbed mattie - joyful despite background, optimistic, uncomplaining, doesn't feel bad for her own lack of skills

question

what is mattie's background?

answer

parents died and she only had $50 from selling her piano

question

How is Ethan's conflict intensified in this chapter?

answer

by finding out that Zeena is going out of town and he will be alone with Mattie for a night

question

who is andrew hale?

answer

who ethan works for and gets paid by

question

"he's looked that way ever since he had his smash-up; and that's twenty-four years ago come next february."

answer

herman gow speaking about ethan frome's accident. foreshadowing, background information to pique readers' interest

question

"i merely felt in her an insurmountable reluctance to speak of him and his affairs..."

answer

narrator speaking about mrs. ned hale concerning her silence about ethan frome

question

"'it looks just as if it was painted.' it seemed to ethan that the art of definition could go no farther, and that words had at last been found to utter his secret soul..."

answer

mattie speaking. inarticulate connection between the two of them. isolation but still the need for connection

question

"i guess you're always late, now you shave every morning"

answer

zeena talking and hinting that she knows ethan wants to impress mattie

question

"his glance crossed mattie's and he fancied that a fugitive warning gleamed through her lashes"

answer

ethan and mattie recognize that zeena has suspicions. ethan sees mattie feeling guilty after zeena locked them out

question

"though she was but seven years her husband's senior, and he was only twenty-eight, she was already an old woman."

answer

makes reader wonder why the two ever got married. there seems to be no connection between the two.

question

who is the antagonist in Ethan Frome in the man vs. nature conflict?

answer

winter

question

Comment on Wharton's use of descriptive language in this chapter, particularly adjectives referring to color. Why are they significant?

answer

red = passion (mattie), blood (pickle dish) black and winter = death silver = bright and shiny, portrayed in a positive light (mattie)

question

How is the name of Ethan's Puritan ancestor's wife significant?

answer

name = endurance. suggests how ethan was simply enduring life without enjoying it. and his death-in-life existence

question

What is significant about the ribbon that Mattie wears?

answer

red, which represents passion; reminiscent of the Scarlet letter

question

what is parallel between mattie and zeena as far as how they came to be part of ethan's life?

answer

both came to tend the sick of the household. (zeena came to tend ethan's mother, and mattie came to tend zeena)

question

In Ethan Frome, What occurrence shatters the evening and what does it represent?

answer

pickle dish is shattered. represents the shattering of Ethan and Zeena's marriage

question

What is Ethan's response to the breaking of the pickle dish and how does it speak to his character?

answer

hides and ignores it, postpones the inevitable. shows how he is not a man of action. emotionally paralyzed. caught between passion and morality

question

What basic difference between Ethan and Mattie is highlighted in this chapter?

answer

Mattie is open about Zeena's disfavor toward her, but Ethan boxes up his thoughts of Zeena and ignores them

question

What do Ethan and Mattie speak of doing on the next moonlit night?

answer

sledding

question

What does Ethan see when Mattie is sitting in the rocking chair?

answer

Zeena's face on mattie's body

question

What is significant about seeing zeena's face on mattie's body?

answer

reveals his subconscious fears and guilt. can never have a life with mattie

question

what does the cat represent in Ethan Frome?

answer

zeena

question

Why do Ethan and Mattie act differently that night from the way they acted the evening before after the dance?

answer

the house carries the associations of social orders, convicting that their feelings are unacceptable. previously, there were outside without moral conventions ("now, in the warm lamplit room, with all its ancient implications of conformity and order, she seemed...more unapproachable")

question

what does ethan say about the big elm in varnum woods?

answer

that it is dangerous if you don't keep your eyes open (foreshadowing)

question

How has the evening without Zeena altered Ethan's perceptive of his daily routine?

answer

he now sees what his life would be like without Zeena and with Mattie. he is irrationally happy

question

How does Jotham Powell symbolize the obstacle between Mattie and Ethan?

answer

he represents Ethan's existence, the work world, and routine

question

who is the hired man of the fromes?

answer

jotham powell

question

Why does ethan invite Jotham to stay for dinner?

answer

to diffuse tension with zeena's homecoming

question

"he had secretly gloried in being clapped on the back and hailed as 'old ethe' or 'old stiff'..."

answer

although ethan has a grave and inarticulate nature, he needs human companionship

question

"...he had never known such a thrilling sense of mastery"

answer

how ethan handled the pickle dish incident. although, he was not a master of this situation, he is not a man of action.

question

"i don't know, she went right up to her room."

answer

mattie speaking of zeena. confirms and increases ethan's fears and uneasiness

question

who does the reader view as the victim in Ethan Frome?

answer

ethan (victim of an unsatisfying marriage)

question

how has zeena's health supposedly gotten worse?

answer

"troubles" have turned into "complications"

question

How does Zeena's news about hiring Mattie's replacement affect Ethan?

answer

shows the first time we see him being assertive with Zeena. he even made a fist he was so angry

question

Why can the chapter when Zeena chooses to replace Mattie be considered the climax of the novel?

answer

turning point, everything continues to go downhill from here

question

Ethan becomes angry about two things in the early part of this chapter. What are they?

answer

1. Mattie's being fired 2. the expense of a hired girl

question

Why is Zeena so angry about the broken pickle dish?

answer

sees as the crumbling of her marriage and feels like she can't openly mourn her marriage

question

What does Ethan do that shows his feelings for Mattie in this chapter?

answer

he kisses her

question

Ethan weighs his options. How does his design to maintain the status quo in keeping with his personality?

answer

responsible, honest, practical, conventional

question

How does Wharton's descriptions mirror Ethan's state of mind and foreshadow the end?

answer

sees Mattie associated with the forest. "sees silver edged darkness." "alive with her prescence"

question

What plan does Ethan contrive and on what does he base it?

answer

to run away with Mattie to the west. story he heard about young couple who even had a daughter

question

To what conclusion does Ethan come about running away?

answer

he is too poor to start over with mattie. and zeena would be left destitute because she would not be able to keep up the farm until it sold, if it ever sold

question

What is his intention when he sees Andrew Hale's sleigh? What changes his plans?

answer

thinks about asking for an advance on the limber so he can pay to leave. but he doesn't want to take advantage of the few nice people. his conscience gets the better of him as he is an honest person

question

On the morning of Mattie's departure, Wharton departs from her usual imagery of oppression to describe the setting. How does she include references to Mattie in this much brighter setting?

answer

- references to silver - every yard and road is alive with her - connects with Ethan's love of nature

question

How is Zeena's reaction to Mattie's departure a contrast to Ethan's and her own previous demeanor?

answer

she acted jovial and had a good appetite. she is cheerful that her problem is being solved.

question

Comment on the irony of Ethan's defiance of her command to stay home and let Jotham drive Mattie to the station.

answer

too little, too late. he is still acquiescing to zeena by making mattie leave. and he is still powerless

question

Why does suicide seem a "logical" answer for their situation in Ethan Frome?

answer

seems that they can only be free and together in death. his hands are tied and mattie would may have become a prostitute living by herself.

question

What is the mood and tone of the chapter when Ethan and Mattie go sledding?

answer

somber, unavoidable sense of doom

question

What does Mattie finally reveal?

answer

she found his note and she confesses that she loves Ethan. finally an articulate connection between them

question

In Ethan Frome, The sledding run is a metaphor for what?

answer

Ethan's inability to make decisions to solve his dilemma. he just wants to coast, putting his life in the hands of fate.

question

Why does Ethan swerve at the last minute?

answer

he saw zeena's face

question

How is the reader surprised in the epilogue of Ethan Frome?

answer

mattie is the droning woman

question

What is ironic about the ending and Ethan's desire to flee Starkfield?

answer

wanted to leave but now life is even worse off

question

In Ethan Frome, How does the narrator deal with the story?

answer

mrs. hale fills in the gaps

question

What is ironic about Mrs. Hale's interpretation?

answer

says that if mattie had died, ethan might have lived.

question

What is the difference between the Frome up there and the Fromes down in the graveyard?

answer

in the graveyard, the women are quiet and have to hold their tongues

question

when was the victorian period?

answer

1837-1901 (when the romantic period ended - the end of the century)

question

what was the common perception of the victorian period?

answer

prudish, hypocritical, stuffy, and narrow-minded

question

what were important aspects of the victorian period?

answer

growing middle class, expansion of british imperial power, drive for social advancement, becoming "english," seeds of rebellion against stereotypical codes of conduct

question

what was the most significant blow to britain?

answer

successful revolt of america

question

t/f: victoria's reign was longer than any other british monarch.

answer

true

question

t/f: victorian's reign was half as long as the romantic period.

answer

false. twice as long

question

who was the king of france when the revolution began?

answer

king louis xvi

question

what did king louis xvi believe about kings?

answer

the divine right of kings

question

what did the third estate establish when they realized they would never achieve equality?

answer

national assembly

question

when louis established the cabinet of anti-revolutionaries, what did the people do?

answer

broke into the tuileries, the royal palace in paris

question

t/f: king louis and his family were captured; however, they escaped.

answer

false. they tried to escape but were unsuccessful

question

who was louis denounced by?

answer

robespierre, leading revolutionary of the jacobins

question

what were the two revolutionary groups?

answer

jacobins (radical) and girondists (moderate)

question

when jacobins took power, what did they do regarding louis?

answer

had him executed

question

what did the execution of louis xvi begin?

answer

the reign of terror, a period where hundreds were executed

question

who were some of the people mentioned that were executed during the reign of terror?

answer

marie antionette, the queen (guillotined), robespierre

question

where and when was dickens born?

answer

portsmouth, england in 1812

question

what genres did dickens's novels cover?

answer

comedy, darker visions, autobiographical, and historical

question

what novel did dickens die in the middle of?

answer

the mystery of edwin drood

question

what year was tale of two cities published in?

answer

1859

question

what did dickens think could not be avoided in the unequal society?

answer

social upheaval like in france

question

after dickens divorced his wife, who did he meet?

answer

ellen ternan

question

ellen ternan may have been a model for what character in a tale of two cities?

answer

lucie manette

question

what was a theme both in dickens's life and a tale of two cities?

answer

new beginnings (recalled to life)

question

what does a tale of two cities tell the story of?

answer

people whose lives are interrupted or wasted, then reawakened with a new purpose; mistakes can be turned into triumphs

question

how was a tale of two cities different for dickens regarding the setting?

answer

set mostly in a foreign country instead of england

question

how was a tale of two cities different for dickens regarding genre?

answer

not comedic

question

what is the centerpiece of a tale of two cities?

answer

plot

question

when does the action of a tale of two cities take place?

answer

18 years: 1775-1793

question

in a tale of two cities, what does some of the story take place in?

answer

a flashback

question

in a tale of two cities, when do the key events take place in relation to the french revolution?

answer

before and during

question

where is a tale of two cities mostly set in?

answer

london, paris, rural france, english port city of dover

question

what was a tale of two cities published in?

answer

dickens's new magazine, all the year round

question

when did the french revolution begin?

answer

1789

question

how did the french revolution affect europe?

answer

monarchs feared democratic ideas would bring their power to an end

PRE-AP WOLRD LITERATURE II FINAL REVIEW – Flashcards

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