Praxis 5354 – Flashcards
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Social Learning
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Bandura
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This theory emphazises a systematic approach through learning and instructions
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Behavioral
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Math Strategy that is a precursor to multiplication
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Skip Counting
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A procedure that provides cues and prompts while gradually removing them so students can perform and respond independently
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Mediated Scaffolding
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What is caused by damage or dysfunction of a specific parts of the body, environmental factors, cognitive impairments, hearing loss, brain injury, or disease?
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Speech/language Impairment
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Examples of this theory include the inquiry-based learning most often used in science and math instruction
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Constructionist
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The ability to use skills learned across various settings
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Generalizations
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The education of students w/disabilities must be at the public expense based on the development of an IEP that includes related services
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Free and Appropriate Public Education (Fape)
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Purposes of an assessment?
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To determine the nature of the problem, To decided the need for related services, To target skills or idenitify content areas, To ascertain which factors support learning, To mange the data related to instruction
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A method that helps make connections between the material to be learned and the process to learn it by acting out sequences while students observe them an imitate the task
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Modeling
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When conducting an observation of behaviors this method allows the observer to measure the length of time for the behavior
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Duration Recording
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The measure of the length of time a student engages in a particula behavior
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Duration
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This is the beginning stage of task completion, as is it is an approximation of the targeted behavior. The student is rewarded when repeatedly attempting the mastery of the task. This method is for managing inappropriate behavior. Instead, it is a method that assists you in setting goals for the behavior of a certain student. It allows you to build this desired behavior in steps and reward those behaviors that come progressively closer to the final goal.
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Shaping
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Case established the right for all children with mental retardation to a free public education
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Penn Association for Retarded Citizens v Common Wealth of Penn 1972
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The degree to which a behavior is repeated
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Intensity
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Teaching basic life skills in a meaningful and practical manner
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Functional Curriculum Approach
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Instruction that helps students learn to generalize skills more quickly, allows for social interactions, permits more flexible involvement w/ the teacher and helped students learn from peers
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Small group instruction
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A measure that encourages practice of skills to improve the accuracy and rate of use
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Fluency Building
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What is the primary role of Special Education teacher?
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Manage the IEP team, Implement the IEP, Provide accomodations to general education, support the student and other teachers
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What are the four areas of the Social/Emotional domain?
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Self-Concept, Confidence, Esteem, Competence
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This happens when the teacher or learner records responses on a Standardize chart
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Precision Teaching
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Instructional Strategy
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A teaching routine or method in which the steps, techniques, or activities are grouped in a logical manner to promote and reinforce academic achievement
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What is a "mild" IQ range for mental retardation?
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50-75
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Psychological
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Includes various behaviors, adaptive behavior deficits, disruptive behaviors and withdrawl
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A math strategy that is a prerequisite to subtraction
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Counting Backwards
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Kohlberg
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Moral Reasoning the judgement of right and wrong.
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hearing Impairment
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A combination that may adversely affect the educational performance of students and includes deafness and hard of hearing
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Adaptations
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Are used in the facilities and equipment and maybe relfected under the requirements of Section 504. They may make changes in how the student access the environment or in the instructional delivery
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Instructional Program Planning
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Assessement information is essential for this in order to create goals, determine placement, and make plans for instructional delivery. The team meets to share results of the evaluation and make critical decisions about the student and the services
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What environmental factors impact social-emotional development?
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Parents, Siblings, Gender, and Individual Temperment
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Guided Practice
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Are activities related to goals in which students can practice the concepts and skills under the supervision of the teacher, through homework, or with small groups of students. May include review, organizing information, rehearing , summarizing, comparing, and so on.
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Shared Teaching
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Co-teaching technique that involve both teachers presenting the lesson simultaneously to the whole class
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The 13 Clusters of Mental Cognition Skills?
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Remembering, Using abstactions, Paying attention, Problem Solving, Making Decisions, Labeling and Naming, Organizing Ideas, Conceptual Development, Knowledge and recognition, Develolping rules and generaliaztions, Reflecting on judgements and evaluations, Understanding cause and effect relationships, Drawing inferences and understanding perceptions
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Autism
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A syndrome related to nearalogical funtion that is evidence by deficits in social interactions, communications and patterns of behavior, various disorders in the group are differentiated by age of on-set and severity of symptoms
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Cooperative Learning
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Classroom is divided into groups to work together to complet a task of participate in an activity
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Augmentation and Alternative Communication(AAC)
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A set of strategies that aid a student to meet communication needs through symbols and other transmission devices
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What other than environment impacts social-emotional development
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Communication, Language and Cognition
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Continuum of Services
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A range of placement and service options for students with special needs. It includes discussion about where students will recieve special education services, what the necessary related services are and how they will access their education
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Larry P. v Riles
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Case Ruled that IQ test could not be used as the primary or sole basis of placing students in special programs
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Chained response
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The breaking down of a task into component parts so a student finishes the task by starting with the first step in the sequence and performing each component progressive until the task is complete
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Residential, Employment, and Recreation
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What are the three areas of community based placement?
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Education for all Handicapped Children Act 1975
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Landmark legislation that signifies a remarkable change in how the needs of exceptional students were addressed in public school setting
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Zobrest v Catalina School District 1993
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Case determined that a student in a parachial school should be provided the assistance of a related service pertaining to the disability and that these findings did not violate consitution of separation of church and state
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Psychodynamic
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This theory is the study of human behaivor based on motivation and drives and functional significance of emotions
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According to this theory an individual's personality and her reactions to situations are the result of interactions within her mind, genetic constitution, emotional state, and environment
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Psychodynamic
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Moderate
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Conditions exhibit extensive needs in one or more areas, and the disability affects the student not only during school but in all aspects of life. These students need to constant appr support and opportunities to gain daily coping skills
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Abrahamson v Hershman 1983
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Case ruled that the training and education for a student with multiple disabilities required in private residential placement would be supported through district funds
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Accomondations and Modifications
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Alter the amount or tack required, change response mode of questions, Use peer tutoring system, utilize close procedures, establish learning centers, vary auditory and visual activities, break tasks into smaller units, highlight information, use tape recorded test, use advance organizers or daily schedules
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Reciprocal Learning
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Helps students learn skills, concepts, information, and new ideas by completing a task after viewing the modeling of the teacher or other students. The teacher may then provide coaching, cueing , or scaffolding as the student engages in the activity
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Hobson V Hansen 1976
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Case determined the tracking system for regular and special education students based on intelligence scores was discriminatorily unconstitutional for some populations of students and could not be used
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Bandura
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Social or Socialogical Theorist
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Mental Skill Development-cognition
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Development that focuses on thinking and reasoning w/specific clusters that are important in all aspects of learning
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Brown V Board of Education 1954
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Supreme Court Case based on segregation of students according to race. Court ordered that education must be on equal terms for all children
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Specific Learning Disability
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What is usually caused by brain damage, heredity, biochemical imbalance, and environment
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Contingent Teaching
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A strategy for helping a student and eventually fading out the support as he gains mastery
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Implicit Instruction
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The focus is on the student as an active and involved learner who constucts knowledge by using previously learned information
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Semantics
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The meaning a language communication, it governs vocabulary development
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Social Skills
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What the following exceptionalities need isfocused instruction. Autism, emotional disabilities, gifted-talented, hearing and vision impairment, learning disabilities, and mental retardation.
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Multifactored Assessment
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Conducted by a team and is an evaluation of a student using a variety of test instruments and procedures
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Emotional Disturbance/ Behavior Disorder
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This category refers to condition that exhibit two or more of the following: an inability to learn, and inability to maintain relationships or exhibition of inappropriate behaivors, pervasive moods, or a tendency to develop physical symptoms or fears
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Jacob K Javits-Gifted and Talent Education Act 1988
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Law provides funds specifically for students considered economically disadvantaged, limited english proficient, or disabled if also identified as gifted or talented
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Vygotski
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Social-Cultural
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Percision Teaching
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An approach that idenitifies the skills to be taught and uses direct daily measure of the student's performance to acquire the skills
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Active Student Response
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A measure of the engagement of the learner in tasks and activities
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ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act) 1990
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Based on section 504 it extends civil rights to individuals with disabilities in private sector employment, public services, public accommodations, transportation, and telecommunications.
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Life-Skills Curriculum
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Use of functional skills training and support transition into the community
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Authentic Assessment
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An informal method of determining a student's comprehension and performance of a skill, particularly when in classroom assessments of specific criteria
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Functional Curriculum
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Helps develop knowledge and skills to support independence in school, community, employment, personal, social and daily living situations
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Age 16
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When a transitional plan has to begin for a student with a disability
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Universal Design
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The concept that everything in the environment, in learning and in products , should be accessible to everyone
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Voice recognition Sysem
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Replaces the peyboard and the imput device
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Behavorial Based Curriculum
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Demenstrates student interactions in the environment in order to instruct students in functional and age appropriate skills
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Assistive Techonolgy
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Specific devices, equipment and services based on assessment of the student with the disability
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Task Analysis
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A strategy in which the goals are broken into smaller steps and sequenced while keeping the learner's pace in focuse
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Majority Age
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Term for the legal age that a student becomes an adult
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What is caused primarily by illness, disease, trauma, acciden or injury?
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Orthopedic or Other Health Impairment
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Six Major Principles of IDEIA?
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Zero Reject Child Find, Protection in the evaluation process, FAPE, Least Restrictive Environment, Procedual Safeguards, Shared Decision Making
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What are 2 critical factor in sustaining positive situations for individuals with exceptional needs
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Acceptance and Awareness
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Department of Edu v Katherine D. 1984
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Case ruled that homebound instruction for a student with multiple health problems did not comply with the LRE and required that the student be placed in a class with non-disabled children and recieve the necessary related medical services
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Cloze Procedure
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The use of semantic and syntactic clues to aid in completing sentences
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Graphic Organizers
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A visual-spatial organization of information to help students understand presented concepts
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Oberti v Board of Edu
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Case ruled to support a family preference to educate a child w mental retardation in the general education classroom
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Sequencing
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Task is broken into segments or steps and the student completes the activity by completing one step at a time until the entire task is done
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Cognitive
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Instruction must be delivered at the student's academic level in managed environment whild allowing the student to develop the necessary skills and learn to genralize them
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Sociological
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Theory base on student observation in order to gain knowledge. Individuals may learn from watching others, educators should provide modeling and demonstrations that allow students to learn through observation
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Behavioral
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Watson/Skinner
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Discrete trial training
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Strategy in which the fuction or task is broken down into steps that are rewarded immediately in a trial by trial basis
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Achievement Test
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A formal tool used to measure student knowledge or profieciency in a subject or topic area
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Differentiated Curriculum
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Responsive to the needs of the student, based on their individual strengths and allows them opportunities to use their exceptional abilities, talents and skills
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Diagnostic-Prescriptive Method
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Individualizing instruction to develop strengths and remediate weaknessess
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Functional Needs Skills
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Dressing, Toileting, eating, using simple sight words, managing self in familiar environment, making independent choices, and handling small purchases
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Multiple Intelligences
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Gardner
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Criterion-referenced Test
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Formal measure that evaluations a student on specificed information, most often used to chect a student's knowledge on subject area
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Behavior rating Scale
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Evaluation tool that list specific observable behaviors to assess the severity, frequency and type of exhibited behaviors completed by staff, parents and student
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Complementary Teaching
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Co-teaching model occurs when the lead teacher presents a group lesson to the class and the support teacher assists and pulls a small group or instruction
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Enrichment
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Extends the lesson for those capable of more which may help students with learning disabilities
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Response Generalization
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Application of a learned behavior or skill to another setting
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Cognitive Development Curriculum
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Provides age appropriate activities that are discovery-based and interactive such as DAP
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Foley v Special School Distric of St. Louis County 1998
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Case affirmed that public schools are not obligated to provide special education services if parents choose to place their child in a private school
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Pragmatics
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Knowledge of succesful and appropriate language use, such as conversion
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Summative Evaluation
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Informal procedure used to asses student achievement and teacher instruction
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Multiple Intelligence Stra
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The nine areas of learning that are addressed in classroom instruction; Linguistic, locial-mathmatical, spatial, bodily-kinestetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic and existential
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Constructivism
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The term refers to the idea that learners construct knowledge for themselves---each learner individually (and socially) constructs meaning---as he or she learns.
