question

Statuses that are ascribed to us may have an effect on statuses we are able to achieve.

answer

true

question

According to Durkheim, suicides that occur when people's lives are suddenly disrupted by major social events, such as wars and famine, are called:

answer

anomic suicides

question

Continuous, large-scale, organized collective action motivated by the desire to enact, stop, or reverse change in some area of society is a...

answer

social movement

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The process by which we creatively shape our experience through interaction with others is referred to as:

answer

Social construction of reality

question

Which theory argues that deviance occurs when people have inadequate opportunities to legitimately achieve success?

answer

Strain theory

question

John is the leader of a street gang, and the gang's other members obey his orders even when they would prefer not to. This is an example of which of the following?

answer

power

question

Professor Cooley had not assigned seats in her introduction to sociology class, but after two weeks most people the class returned to the same seat each the class met. The emergent seating pattern in the class can be seen as being governed by which of the following?

answer

formal norms

question

Racial inequality persists today because of:

answer

1) a historical legacy of discrimination and prejudice 2) a subcultural negativity that discourages self-confidence and achievement 3) current instances of mostly subtle and covert racism

question

Why do females earn less than males?

answer

1) discrimination prevents greater achievement by creating a "glass ceiling" 2) family responsibilities are seen largely as the women's role 3) women are more likely to be found in lower-paying jobs

question

Which of the following concepts best describes the process whereby a particular racial, ethnic, or immigrant group is Americanized?

answer

assimiltion

question

Racial and ethnic prejudice and discrimination have decreased due to:

answer

1) individuals taking action to change society 2) social values, norms, and laws changing to create a different climate 3) generational transition 4) demographic shifts over the decades

question

If we state that the United States resembles a "salad bowl" more than a "melting pot," we are acknowledging what condition of our nation?

answer

multiculturalism as a prominent feature of American life

question

Which type of poverty is based on comparisons of one's position to a given society's living standards?

answer

relative poverty

question

In the United States, the increasing proportion of people who identify themselves as Catholics can be attributed largely to:

answer

the growing Hispanic population

question

Gender refers to

answer

the personal traits and social positions that members of a society attach to being female and male.

question

There is a higher proportion of blacks than whites under the supervision of the US criminal justice system. This is because....

answer

blacks are more likely to be arrested for and convicted of crimes than are whites

question

When married women work outside of the home, sociological research shows that:

answer

Men still spend significantly less time on household chores than women

question

Which theoretical framework would emphasize that in family life women do a greater share of the housework, are subject to domestic violence, and are expected to make more personal sacrifices on behalf of the family?

answer

conflict

question

A reason to study sexuality using the sociological perspective is

answer

1) sexuality is both important and controversial. 2) many people do not understand sexuality very well. 3) sexuality plays a part in many areas of social life.

question

Which concept refers to genitals that distinguish females and males?

answer

primary sex characteristics

question

Which concept refers to humans who have some combination of female and male sexual characteristics?

answer

intersexual

question

Comparative research indicates that

answer

although sex has a biological foundation, sexual practices vary from place to place as an element of the culture.

question

Sociologists offer several explanations why the incest taboo is found everywhere. Look at the statements below and identify the statement that is NOT a claim made by sociologists

answer

The incest taboo helps clarify the kinship system.

question

Survey research on attitudes toward premarital sex tells us that

answer

the public is more accepting of premarital sex than it was a generation ago.

question

Thinking about the Laumann study of sexual patterns among U.S. adults, which of the following statements is correct?

answer

The frequency of sexual activity varies widely in the U.S. population.

question

Sarah feels little or no sexual attraction to people of either sex. Her sexual orientation is called

answer

asexuality.

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The concept "homophobia" refers to

answer

fear of close personal interaction with people thought to be gay, lesbian, or bisexual.

question

People who oppose pornography argue that

answer

1) it may contribute to a breakdown in morals. 2) it may contribute to violence against women. 3) it unfairly depicts women as the playthings of men.

question

From a global perspective, prostitution is MOST common in

answer

poor nations, where women have fewer economic opportunities

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Prostitution is regarded by many people in the United States as a

answer

victimless crime.

question

Which one of the following statements about rape is NOT true?

answer

In most cases of rape, the victim does not know the attacker.

question

Which theoretical approach rests on the idea that society needs to regulate human sexuality?

answer

the structural-functional approach

question

Assume that you are investigating the consequences of the incest taboo for kinship organization in a number of societies. Which theoretical approach are you using?

answer

the social-conflict approach

question

Based on what you know about the history of human sexuality, once a society gains birth control technology

answer

social norms regarding sexuality become more permissive

question

Which theoretical approach points to the ways in which sexuality is linked to social inequality?

answer

the social-conflict approach

question

Read the four statements below. Which statement is NOT consistent with the social-conflict approach?

answer

The process of reality construction is highly variable, so that one group's views of sexuality may well differ from another's.

question

Which of the following concepts refers to stigmatizing anyone who is not heterosexual as "queer"?

answer

heterosexism

question

Criticism of the social-conflict approach's view of sexuality would include the fact that

answer

1) sexuality is not a power issue for everyone. 2) U.S. society has taken many steps to reduce gender inequality. 3) gay people have made significant strides toward greater opportunity and social acceptance.

question

The text suggests that the MOST widely divisive issue regarding sexuality in the United States in recent years has been

answer

abortion.

question

The family is a social institution that is found in

answer

every society

question

The U.S. Census Bureau defines the "family" as

answer

people living together who are linked by birth, marriage, or adoption

question

A family that includes parents, children and other kin is called

answer

an extended family

question

The incest taboo

answer

is found in all societies

question

According to the structural-functional approach, the family

answer

is important enough to be called the backbone of society

question

Social conflict and feminist theories explain that families perpetuate social inequality in the U.S. society through

answer

1) inheritance of private property. 2) encouraging patriarchy. 3) passing on racial and ethnic inequality

question

A social-exchange analysis of family life is likely to consider

answer

how individuals select partners who offer about as much as they do to the relationship

question

The concept "homogamy" means that

answer

people marry others who are socially like themselves

question

What is the effect of industrialization on the number of children in a typical family?

answer

Families have fewer children

question

In the United States, a recent trend involving parenting is that

answer

more adults are delaying having children or choosing to remain childless

question

Describing the lives of working-class women, Lillian Rubin reported that the typical woman said she wanted a husband who

answer

had a steady job and was not violent

question

Compared to what it was a century ago, the U.S. divorce rate is now

answer

about three times higher

question

Religion is a social institution that is BEST defined as involving

answer

beliefs and practices concerning what is sacred

question

Guided by the symbolic-interaction approach, sociologists examine

answer

1) how various rituals sharpen the boundary between the sacred and profane. 2) how religion gives our existence a measure of security and meaning. 3) the use of ritual and religious meaning to strengthen social ties such as marriage

question

Which of the following concepts refers to the fusion of Christian principles with

answer

liberation theology

question

A charismatic leader is most likely to be found in which of the following?

answer

church

question

Secularization refers to which of the following?

answer

the historical decline in the importance of the sacred

question

Which of the following is a correct example of civil religion?

answer

singing patriotic song on the Fourth of July

question

The claim that the United States is a postdenominational society is based on a movement

answer

supporting spiritualism, but away from formal denominations

question

Education is the social institution by which society provides people with important knowledge, including

answer

1) job skills. 2) basic facts and information. 3) cultural norms and values

question

In the United States today, what percentage of people over the age of twenty-five have earned a four-year college degree?

answer

30 percent

question

Which of the following is a latent function of schooling?

answer

providing child care

question

Comparing school performance, researchers have found that the main cause of the achievement gap between rich and poor children is

answer

differences in schools

question

Which of the following correctly states the effect of additional schooling on average lifetime income?

answer

Earning a high school diploma and earning a college degree both raise lifetime income levels

question

Assume that you support the school choice movement. What are you likely to say is the reason that U.S. public schools perform poorly

answer

Schools have no competition

question

Magnet schools encourage

answer

students to specialize in specific areas of study

question

In 2009, men accounted for what share of all U.S. undergraduate college students

answer

43 percent

question

In the film, "Declining by Degrees," the narrator suggests which of the following?

answer

We have rampant grade inflation and we don't know what students are learning

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