question

Civil liberties are protections given to people, opinions, and property as mandated by?

answer

Civil liberties are protections given to people, opinions, and property as mandated by the U.S. and state constitutions.

question

The U.S. Bill of Rights limits which branch(es) of government?

answer

The U.S. Bill of Rights limits all three branches of government

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Which of the following presidents suspended the writ of habeas corpus, the right protecting an individual in custody from being held without trial?

answer

George W. Bush

question

The Supreme Court uses the Lemon test primarily to decide on matters related to

answer

Relationships between Church and State

question

Hate Speech

answer

Prejudicial and Hostile statements toward another person's innate characteristics such as race and ethnicity

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Sullivan Rule

answer

Standard requiring public officials and public figures in defamation suits to prove that allegedly libelous statements are both false and made malice

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Libel

answer

written statements that are false and injure another's reputation

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Slander

answer

oral statements that are false and injure another's reputation

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Miller Test

answer

current judicial test for obscenity cases that considers community standards even if they are offensive

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Symbolic Speech

answer

actions meant to convey a political message

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Bad Tendency Test

answer

free speech that prohibits speech that could produce a bad outcome, such as violence, no matter how unlikely the possibility the speech could be the cause of such an outcome

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Clear and present danger test

answer

free speech test that only prohibits speech that produces a clear and immediate danger

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Probable Cause

answer

a practical and nontechnical calculation of probabilities that is the basis for securing search warrants

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Exclusionary Rule

answer

judicial barring of illegaly seized evidence from a trial

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Miranda Rights

answer

warning police must administer to suspects so that the letter will be aware of their not to incriminate themselves

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Confront Witnesses

answer

A victim in an assault case must testify in if called, and submit to cross examination by the defendant

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Legal Counsel

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A suspect has a right to have a lawyer present while being questioned by the police

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No illegal search and seizure

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police must obtain a warrant before they can search the house of an individual suspected of dealing drugs

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No cruel and unusual punishment

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A state that executes its criminals must do so humanely, in a way that minimizes their suffering

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No Self-Incrimination

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A defendant does not have to testify at his or her own trial

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What was the outcome of the Dred Scott v. Sanford decision?

answer

The Dred Scott v. Sanford decision established that African-American slaves were not citizens.

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Which amendment defines citizens as "all persons born or naturalized in the United States" and guarantees the same privileges and immunities for all citizens?

answer

The Fourteenth Amendment defines citizens as "all persons born or naturalized in the United States" and guarantees the same privileges and immunities for all citizens.

question

Which of the following prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote?

answer

The grandfather clause prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote following the passage of the Fifteenth Amendment that established that every man has the right to vote, regardless of color.

question

What was the first successful challenge to the separate but equal doctrine established by the Supreme Court?

answer

The first successful challenge to the separate but equal doctrine established by the Supreme Court was Brown v. Board of Education.

question

Discrimination against citizens of Latin American descent was similar to the discrimination faced by

answer

Discrimination against citizens of Latin American descent was similar to the discrimination faced by African Americans following Reconstruction.

question

Which of the following tests would be used to determine whether a law discriminates against Americans of Italian origin?

answer

The strict scrutiny test would be used to determine whether a law discriminates against Americans of Italian origin.

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The 1965 Voting Rights Act (VRA) was devised to address the fact that in some southern counties less than ________ of all eligible African Americans were registered to vote.

answer

1/3

question

In the case of Korematsu v. United States, the Supreme Court decided that

answer

the summary internment of Japanese Americans was a constitutional measure.

question

Which of the following statements is true regarding the status of Native Americans' civil rights?

answer

Native Americans do not enjoy the protection of the Bill of Rights either on or off reservations.

question

Which of the following statements is true regarding the status of Asian Americans' civil rights?

answer

Asian Americans are not well-represented in top positions despite high education levels.

question

Which of the following tactics were used to press the government to pass civil rights legislation in the second half of the twentieth century?

answer

Interest groups, court appeals, and grassroots actions like civil disobedience were used to press the government to pass civil rights legislation in the second half of the twentieth century.

question

Women's struggle for equality differs from other civil rights struggles primarily because

answer

Women are not a minority

question

Major characteristics of citizenship today include

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being in a precarious state, dwindling citizen involvement in the life of their communities, voter turnout well below that of other advanced democracies, record-low levels of trust between citizens and elected national leaders

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Political decision making extended to the entire citizenry is called

answer

Direct Democracy

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Which of the following became governor as the result of a special recall election?

answer

Arnold Schwarzenegger of California

question

Which of the following statements about political participation in the United States over the past fifty years is LEAST accurate?

answer

The generation of Americans that is just coming of voting age is less optimistic about their own future and the future of the nation.

question

Which of the following activities would be considered a form of civic engagement, though not a political activity?

answer

organizing a food drive at a local church

question

Which of the following institutions best exemplifies direct democracy?

answer

a New England town meeting in which all members of the community are allowed to express their opinion and cast their vote on each issue

question

Which of the following statements about findings related to ruling elite theory is LEAST accurate?

answer

Members of the elite are more likely to trample over civil liberties than Americans with less wealth or education.

question

An instance in which one segment of society manages to push through a law in one session, only to have another segment build enough support to overthrow the law in the next session, would best be defined as an example of

answer

pluralism

question

In American politics, pluralism is most evident in matters related to

answer

Personal Choice

question

Aristotle, Thomas Jefferson, and John Stuart Mill all agreed that

answer

the citizenry must remain politically active.

question

What is the term for an electorate's right to draft legislation?

answer

Initiative

question

Which of the following statements about John Locke's political philosophy is LEAST accurate?

answer

Locke believed that the primary role of government was to ensure an equal distribution of property.

question

Approximately what percentage of the American public currently lives in suburbs?

answer

55%

question

By 2050 what percentage of the American population will be over the age of 65?

answer

20%

question

What is the most commonly cited reason that citizens between the ages of eighteen and twenty-four fail to vote?

answer

Too busy with other matters

question

Which amendment states that any rights not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution are reserved for the people?

answer

Ninth

question

Initially, colonial governors appointed by the British monarch enforced laws dealing with

answer

Trade

question

What pushed Great Britain into enacting new legislation that eventually incited the American colonies to rebel and declare independence?

answer

The cost of war with France and Native Americans

question

The principle of separation of powers, particularly with regard to an independent judiciary, is primarily associated with the writings of which political philosopher?

answer

Montesquieu

question

What radical principle lay behind the Declaration of Independence's premise that the people have a right to abolish a government?

answer

No taxation without representation

question

Which document(s) convinced many colonists to rebel against Great Britain?

answer

Common Sense

question

At the time of the American Revolution, state constitutions placed the majority of power in

answer

The legislative Branch

question

Which event best showcased the inadequacies of the Articles of Confederation?

answer

Shay's Rebellion

question

Which article of the Constitution defines the amendment process?

answer

Article V

question

Which amendment laid the groundwork for applying the Bill of Rights to the actions of state governments?

answer

Fourteenth Amendment

question

Which of the following stipulations within the U.S. Constitution originally created an indirect democracy?

answer

3/5 Compromise, The Connecticut Compromise, The Electoral College

question

Which of the following procedure(s) establish checks and balances within the federal government?

answer

Judicial review, the presidential veto, and advice and consent

question

The case that established the Supreme Court's power to interpret the U.S. Constitution was

answer

Marbury v Madison

question

The inclusion of the Bill of Rights in the U.S. Constitution is a result of

answer

a victory of the Anti-Federalists

question

Amendments to the U.S. Constitution can only be ratified if approved by

answer

three-fourths of state legislatures or three-fourths of special state conventions.

question

The government system established under the Articles of Confederation is an example of a(n)

answer

Confederal System

question

The United States today is an example of a(n)

answer

Federal System

question

What type of government system do most countries have today?

answer

Unitary system

question

Which of the following is not an example of a type of government in the United States?

answer

an independent district

question

The U.S. Constitution endows Congress with

answer

both enumerated powers and implied powers.

question

In the 1790s, despite a lack of specific constitutional authority to do so, Congress chartered a national bank, arguing that the institution was necessary to regulate the value of currency, a power that the Constitution did grant to Congress. The chartering of a national bank was therefore an example of

answer

An implied power

question

What part of the U.S. Constitution reserves all powers not delegated to the federal government to the state governments?

answer

the 10th Amendment

question

Which of the following is the first landmark Supreme Court case that established the use of implied powers to expand the national government's enumerated powers?

answer

McCulloch v Maryland

question

Which of the following may be in violation of the full-faith-and-credit clause of Article IV of the Constitution?

answer

the Defense of Marriage Act

question

Policies that advanced during cooperative federalism included programs known collectively as the

answer

New Deal

question

The major vehicle for applying cooperative federalism was

answer

grants-in-aid

question

In the case of Gibbons v. Ogden (1824), the Supreme Court decided that

answer

the federal government's authority to regulate international and interstate commerce bestowed on it some power to regulate intrastate commerce

question

All the following amendments EXCEPT the ________ had a significant impact on the power connection between the state and national governments

answer

Fifteenth

question

Which type of grant has been most prevalent over the course of American history?

answer

Categorical formula

question

In the case of Lochner v. New York (1905), the Supreme Court decided that

answer

laws limiting the number of hours that employees could work in hazardous situations unconstitutionally deprived those employees of the opportunity to enter freely into contracts.

question

Funding for specific projects that are added by members of Congress to appropriation bills, usually without oversight or public debate, is known as

answer

earmarks

question

Which of the following statements about Congress is LEAST accurate?

answer

When the Constitution was first put into effect, it made senator and representative the only two federal offices that would be elected directly by the people.

question

In the decades following Andrew Jackson's presidency, primacy in formulating public policy shifted to the

answer

Senate

question

Hiram Fong, the first Asian American to serve in the Senate, came to office in

answer

1959

question

The franking privilege allows members of Congress to

answer

send correspondence through the public mails free of charge

question

Congresspersons who focus primarily on enacting the wishes of their constituents are said to act as

answer

Delegates

question

Which of the following statements about the relationship between lobbyists and members of Congress is most accurate?

answer

Lobbyists can provide a valuable democratic function by keeping members of Congress informed about important issues.

question

Congressional leaders are increasingly chosen for their

answer

Partisan outlook, skill in controlling legislative agenda, ability to frame issues along party lines, ability to raise funds for fellow party members

question

Powers the Constitution explicitly grants to Congress are known as

answer

Enumerated powers

question

The elastic clause of the Constitution allows Congress to

answer

claim powers not explicitly granted to it by the Constitution

question

Which of the following descriptions best captures popular attitudes toward the Senate in the late nineteenth century?

answer

a millionaire's club representing the interests of party bosses and big business

question

Which of the following is NOT generally one of the advantages incumbents wield over challengers?

answer

Incumbents are more likely to be able to hide their political leanings to attract a broader base.

question

Committees that are convened for a limited period of time to consider matters outside the jurisdiction of existing committees are known as

answer

Select committees

question

The term logrolling refers to the congressional practice of

answer

exchanging votes among congressional members for mutual benefit.

question

The Senate tactic of holding the floor for hours on end until an unwanted piece of legislation is dropped or amended is known as

answer

a filibuster

question

Who is directly responsible for electing the president

answer

members of the Electoral College

question

Not a presidential responsibility

answer

head of the judiciary

question

The president participates in the legislative process when

answer

Vetoing or signing acts of congress, leading support for a new bill, submitting a budget

question

The president's role as chief executive is to

answer

Determine how the bureaucracy will implement laws

question

What is the vice presidents most important function

answer

Serve as first in the line of succession

question

Which of the following special powers does a president have?

answer

the power to withhold information from congress and the courts, the power to take emergency measures during times of national crisis, the power to issue orders that carry the force of law

question

What occurs during an impeachment

answer

The House of Representatives formally accuses the president of crimes

question

The president receives advice and consent from the _______regarding treaties

answer

Senate (Advice and consent)

question

An executive agreement is like a treaty except that it

answer

needs NO senate approval

question

President Obama's coice of Joe Biden was intended to appeal to what segment of the electorate?

answer

Those who doubted his experience

question

Presidents can designate other advisors to cabinet rank

answer

Both the national security advisor and the director of the office of management and budget

question

The White House Office is primarily focused on

answer

Seeing that the president's policies are enable into law

question

Which organization is part of the Executive Office of the President

answer

the National Security Council

question

The Office of Management and Budget is primarily focused on

answer

Administering current operations within the current budget, proposing the next annual expense budget, proposing the next annual revenue budget

question

The only way a case can move from a state court system to the national system is by

answer

an appeal from the state's highest court to the U.S. Supreme Court

question

case can NOT proceed directly to the Supreme Court from which of the following types of courts?

answer

Local Trials court

question

statement about the U.S. court system is LEAST accurate?

answer

American citizens who are found guilty in a federal court may appeal the decision in their state court system

question

The president proves economic leadership

answer

by regulating banking, appointment of the Federal Reserve Board and its chair, setting goals

question

statement about the U.S. district court system is LEAST accurate?

answer

he FISC is generally reluctant to grant warrants permitting the federal government to conduct surveillance of suspected foreign agents within the boundaries of the United States.

question

The principle of judicial review allows the Supreme Court to

answer

assess the constitutionality of congressional acts.

question

The two basic types of law under the American judicial system are criminal law and

answer

Civil Law

question

In which of the following instances would the Supreme Court have original jurisdiction?

answer

if the government of Indiana were to sue the government of Kentucky over the pollution of the Ohio River

question

if the government of Indiana were to sue the government of Kentucky over the pollution of the Ohio River

answer

Legal Standing

question

Which of the following statements about the early history of the Supreme Court is most accurate?

answer

Appointments to the Supreme Court initially carried such little prestige that many appointees declined to accept their seats.

question

Which of the following statements about Franklin Roosevelt's "court-packing" proposal is most accurate?

answer

It succeeded in increasing judicial support for Roosevelt's New Deal programs.

question

Which federal office is known as the "tenth justice" because of the Supreme Court's high receptivity to its petitions?

answer

Solicitor General

question

In which of the following instances is the Supreme Court most likely to agree to hear a case?

answer

if the case involves an issue that has been hotly debated in the lower courts

question

When presenting a case before the Supreme Court, lawyers are permitted

answer

exactly thirty minutes to present their entire argument.

question

An opinion written by one justice on behalf of at least five members of the Court is known as

answer

a majority opinion

question

Policies that advanced during cooperative federalism included programs known collectively

answer

The New Deal (What is the Definition)

question

NAtional Gov't turned more power and responsibility for programs over to the states and local governments

answer

Devolution

question

Politics where it refers to a 'community', commensurate with the Greek city-state characterized by a shared set of norms and ethos, in which free citizens on an equal footing lived under the rule of law

answer

Civil Society

question

the status of a citizen with rights and duties, born within the country

answer

Citizenship

question

a form of government in which representative democracy operates under the principles of liberalism, i.e. protecting the rights of minorities and, especially, the individual.

answer

Liberal Democracy

question

BEcame involved in the politics of Whig radicals who challenged the authority of the British Stuart Monarch in the late seventeenth century

answer

John Locke

question

review by the US Supreme Court of the constitutional validity of a legislative act.

answer

Judicial Review

question

The Congress shall have Power - To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested

answer

Elastic Clause

question

given in each State to the public Acts, Records, and judicial Proceedings of every other State.

answer

Full Faith and Credit Provision

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