Police Admin – Flashcards
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police agencies that are regularly engaged in preventing crime, investigating crimes, apprehending criminals, maintaining order, and providing other miscellaneous services
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General Service Law Enforcement Agencies
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a nonmilitary person who is employed by a government agency and as the authority to use coercive force when carrying out his/her duties; employed by city government
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Police Officer
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a statue granted to individuals who have certain powers and are provided certain legal protections not available to ordinary citizens. A peace officer can be a probation, parole, or corrections officer
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Peace Officer
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the idea of the police as a "thin blue line" fighting a war on crime
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Crime-Fighter Image
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the complex and different behaviors that police officers play in modern society
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Police Role
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includes the power to take someone's life (deadly force), to use physical force, and to deprive people of their liberty through arrest
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Coercive Role
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the use of sanctions and rewards within a group to influence and shape the behavior of individual members of that group; the organized ways in which society responds to behavior and people it regards as deviant, problematic, worrying, threatening, troublesome, or undesirable in some way or another
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Social Control
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the developer of the concept of problem-oriented policing
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Herman Goldstein
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a model of policing that stresses increased police response to identified crime problems
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Problem-Oriented Policing
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location of one of the first experiments in problem-oriented policing. The program focused on burglaries in apartment buildings
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Newport News
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this award is presented each year to recognize the most innovative and successful problem-oriented policing project implemented by a police agency
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Herman Goldstein Award
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a model of policing that stresses a two-way working relationship between the community and the police, in which the police become more integrated into the local community and citizens assume an active role in crime control and prevention
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Community Policing
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a program developed by the Chicago Police Department based on the idea that the whole police department, not just a specialized unit, should form active partnerships with the community
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Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy
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based on the belief that aggressive enforcement of disorder will motivate residents to take better care of their communities; calls for the police to focus primarily on disorder, minor crime, and the appearance of crime through interventions that vigorously enforce criminal and civil laws and are conducted for the purpose of restoring order to communities
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Zero-Tolerance Policy
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the reorganization of conventional patrol strategies into an integrated and versatile police team assigned to a fixed district
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Team Policing
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the English colonists brought a criminal justice system as part of their cultural baggage, including the English common law, emphasis on individual rights, the court systems and forms of punishment, and different law enforcement agencies. American policing is a product of this
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English Heritage
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considered the father of modern policing; fought to improve the basic structure of law enforcement and persuaded the English Parliament to establish the London Metropolitan Police in 1829
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Robert Peel
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created in 1829; represents the first example of an efficient, proactive police force. Introduced 3 important elements of policing: the mission of crime prevention, the strategy of preventative patrol, and an organizational structure similar to the military
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London Metropolitan Police
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a significant function of police work that aims to increase public awareness of opportunistic criminal activity, to provide the public with profiles of typical crime victims, and to teach the public to "harden the target", to defend their homes and persons
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Crime Prevention
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during the reign of Edward I, the first police forces created in England; similar to night watchman and security guards
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The Watch
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the coming together of a group of persons who engage in violent and tumultuous conduct, thereby creating risk of injury to persons or property or raising public alarm
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Riots
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the promise or provision of public sector jobs by politicians, usually to individuals who have made significant campaign contributions or otherwise helped the politician get elected
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Patronage
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police commissioner of NYC between 1895 and 1897. As President he started the Bureau of Investigation in 1908 which eventually became the Federal Bureau of Investigation
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Theodore Roosevelt
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chief of police in Berkley, CA from 1905 to 1932. Known as the father of police professionalism for advocating higher education for police officers ad promoting organizational reform within departments
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August Vollmer
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upgrading the standards of any occupation. In law enforcement, professionalization includes introducing rigorous admission standards, higher education standards, specialized training, ad ethical behavior
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Professionalization Movement
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leader of the policewomen's movement, organized the International Association of Policewomen in 1915
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Alice Stebbins Wells
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occurred in 1919 when 1,117 officers went on strike and formed a police union after having receiving no pay increases for nearly 20 years. After violence and disorder erupted throughout Boston, the strike quickly collapsed and the striking officers were fired
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Boston Police Strike
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the advancement of technology in policing, beginning with the police car, the police radio, and the telephone. Today it would include all of the most recent developments in computers and criminal investigation
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Communications Technology
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created in 1929 by President Hoover as the first national study of the American criminal justice system. Officially the National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement
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Wickersham Commission
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leader of the police professionalization movement from the late 1930s through the end of the 1960s. Developed a formula for efficient management of personnel by assigning patrol officers on the basis of a workload formula that reflected reported crime and calls for service
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O. W. Wilson
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director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation from 1924 to 1972. Increased the size and scope of the Bureau's capabilities, but is best known for systematically misusing his power and exaggerating the Bureau's effectiveness
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J. Edgar Hoover
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The Supreme Court has made several famous decisions that established constitutional standards for the police and other parts of the criminal justice system, such as cases of Miranda v Arizona and Mapp v Ohio
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Police and the Supreme Court
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created in 1967 to study issues of race relations; found that hostility between the police and ghetto communities was a major cause for disorder. Officially known as the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders
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Kerner Commission
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in combination with rising public concern about crime an riots, this stimulated a series of national reports on the police that greatly enhances knowledge about policing and made a set of recommendations for improving the American police. The first field observations of police work were conducted by the American Bar Foundation between 1955-57
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Police-Community Relations Crisis
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officially known as the President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice, the commission was est July 1965, by Pres Lyndon Johnson. This released a series of reports on criminal justice, including The Challenge of Crime in a Free Society
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President's Crime Commission
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conducted from 1972-73, measured the impact of different levels of patrol on criminal activity, community perceptions, police officer behavior, and police department practices, while being the first independent and objective test of the effectiveness of patrol to meet minimum standards of scientific research
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Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiments
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at the local level these are collective bargaining units representing certain classes of employees in the police department
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Police Unions
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a model of policing that stresses a two-way working relationship between the community and the police, in which the police become more integrated into he local community and citizens assume an active role in crime control and prevention
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Community Policing
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the practice of making police stops solely on the basis of someone's race or ethnicity and not because of criminal activity
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Racial Profiling
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Police contribute to social control through both
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law enforcement and order maintenance
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in order to carry out their responsibilities, police heavily depend on
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citizens
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The decision by a police officer to make an arrest initiates most cases. This factor makes police the ___ of the criminal justice system
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gate keepers
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One of the more popular approaches to policing which alters the basic organizational philosophy is known as
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Community Policing
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The policing approach that concentrates on relatively minor quality of life issues and said to contribute to a significant reduction in serious crime is known as
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Zero Tolerance Policing
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One of the most enduring myths about policing is the police
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Crime fighter image
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The belief that crime scene investigators play a major role in investigating and solving crimes is known as the
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CSI Effect
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One of the most important factors shaping the police role is
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The authority to use force
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All police officers are peace officers, but not all peace officers are police officers. The legal status of peace officers is determined by
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Statute
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first police department with a day and night shift
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New York
